Apo patinofunga nezvekenza yemapapu, tinowanzofunga nezvechikonzero chinowanzoitika kune vanhu vanosvuta: fodya. Asi kenza yemapapu inowanikwa kune vanhu vasina kumbobvira vachema zvakare. Ichokwadi, mukenza wepapupa musingafi-fodya inonzi ndiyo yechitanhatu kana yechinomwe chinowanzokonzera kufa kwekenza muUnited States.
Chii chinokonzera kenza yemapapu muvanhu vasina kusvuta, uye nei zvakakosha zvikuru kupfuurira mberi tsvakurudzo kune zvikonzero?
Mukuwedzera, hutsinye hwemapapu emapapu - ndeupi wevanhu vose vanoona kuti vanhu "vakakodzerwa" nemukenza wemapapu nokuti vanoputa - vanobata vasati vasvuta?
Kusarudzira Vasiri Vekuta
Zvakakosha kutanga nekujekesa zvatinoreva nevasingafungi (munyaya iyi havamboputi.) Pashure pezvose, vechidiki vazhinji vanotora hutu kana maviri asi havazove vanosvuta vanoshingaira. Munhu asingamboputi anotsanangurwa semumwe munhu aputa zvishoma kudarika fodya zana munguva yeupenyu hwavo.
Sei Zvakakosha Kutarisa Zvinokonzera?
Nezviitiko zvakawanda zvemupenza wemapapu zvinokonzerwa nokusvuta, kutsvakurudza kazhinji kwakaratidza kuti fodya inokonzera sei kenza yemapapu, uye munzira dzekubatsira vanhu kusiya kusvuta. Kunyange zvazvo zvichidiwa, mune dzimwe nzira izvi zvinosuruvarisa nokuti kutsvakurudza kune zvinokonzerwa nevasina kusvuta vatora chigaro chekudzokera. Hakusi chete vanhu vazhinji vasina kuziva nezvekenza yemapapu kune vasiri kusvuta, asi izvi zvinosanganisira vazhinji vanopa utano hwehutano pamwe chete.
Kutarisa nokukurumidza pane dzimwe nhamba kunogona kutendesa pfungwa iyi kumba.
Nhoroondo Pamusoro peKukonzera Kwemapfudze muNyika-Vasingaregi (Havambofi Vakasvuta)
- Inenge 10 kusvika ku15 muzana yemapapu emapapu inowanikwa musati isvuta. Munenge 20 muzana yevakadzi vanova nekenza yemapapu havana kumbobvira voputa.
- Muna 2014, zvinotarisirwa kuti vakadzi 40 000 vachafa nekenza yemazamu ( izvi zvinosanganisira vanosvuta, vaimbova vachema uye vasina kumboputa. ) Zvinotarisirwa kuti vakadzi vanokwana makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemashanu vafa kubva mukenza yemapapu. Kuita zvishoma zvishoma kuverenga, izvi zvinoreva kuti 14 466 vakadzi vasingamboputi vese vanotarisirwa kufa nemukenza wemapapu.
- Kusiyana nekudonha kwemazuva ano mumuviri wemapapu mukati mevarume, kenza yepapu muvakadzi vaduku vasina kusvuta inoita kunge ichiwedzera .
Anozivikanwa Zvinokonzera Kenza Kanonzi muLung-Non-Smokers
- Radhoni - Kuratidzira radhioni mumusha ndicho chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzera kenza yemapapu kune vanhu vasina kumboputa. Inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu zviuru makumi maviri vanofa gore rega rega muUnited States nekuda kwekenza yemapapu emudhaini.
- Occupational Exposures Pamusoro pebasa-kuiswa basa kumakemikari nezvinhu zvinogona kuverenga 13 kusvika 29% muzana yemakenza emapapu. Tsvaga kuti ungaziva sei kana iwe ungave wakananga nezvinhu zvinokonzera kenza pabasa, uye kuti ungaitei pamusoro pazvo kana uri.
- Semuke yechipiri - Kuratidzira utsi hwechipiri (inozivikanwa sekusasvuta fodya) inokonzera vanenge 3 000 vakafa mukenza yemapapu gore negore.
- Asbestos - Kuratidzwa kweAsbestos - kana kubasa kana kuita purojekiti yekugadzirisa pamba - inomutsa dambudziko rekukura kenza yemapapu uye mesothelioma.
- Genetics / Heredity - Heredity inobata basa guru mumutapu wemapapu pakati pevasina kusvuta kupfuura kune vanoputa. Nyaya ino inokurukura njodzi inowanikwa mumhuri. Munguva pfupi yapfuura yakawanikwa kuti kuchinja kwemukati mu "kanzvadzi yepabonde" BRCA2, kunosimudza njodzi yekuve nekenza yemapapu . Chimwe chinhu chisingawanzwisisiki chimiro chekuchinja-shanduko - T790M EGFR mutation (chinyorwa: kune marudzi mazhinji eEGFR mutations ) inoguma mu 31% yehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehutachiona hwevanhu vasingatendi vanoita kenza yemapapu. Iko kushanduka kusingawanzokodzero kunotora nhaka mumutambo unofambisa zvikuru-unoreva kuti kana mubereki anotakura geni, 50 muzana yevana vavo vachagara nhaka yejeni. Zvimwe zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko zvakagadziriswa nekenza yemapapu mune vasiri kusvuta, kunyanya muAsia vanhu vakawanda.
- Kusvibiswa kwemhepo
- Indoor Coal Smoke yekuchenesa nekubika
- Kubudisa Diesel Kuchengeta Miti
Zvisinganzwisisiki uye Zvinokonzera Zvinokonzerwa neKunguru yeLung muVasiri-Smokers
- Granite Countertops - Sezvo radon gasi inogona kusunungurwa kubva kune granite, pane zvimwe zvave zvichinyanya kunetseka pamusoro pezvingaita kuti zvikwereti zvegranite zvive nechinokonzerwa nekenza yemapapu emapapu . Kana uine zvimwe zvinonetsa, nyaya ino inokurukura zvatiri kuzivikanwa iye zvino ichakuudza iwe kuti unoedza sei radon nokuda kwekanyorwa chegranite mumba mako.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) - Zvidzidzo zvitsva zvakawana kuvapo kweHIVV mumakumbo emapapu. Hazvizivikanwi panguva ino, kunyange zvakadaro, kana ushamwari uhwu hune chokuita nekugadzirisa. Inofungidzirwa kuti HPV inogona kubatsira kuchinja kweEGFR kunoonekwa mumukenza wemapapu - kunyanya muTaiwan.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Sezvo isu iye zvino tisina chirwere chemapapu chekuongorora kuongorora kune vasiri kusvuta, zvakakosha kuti uzive zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika kana iwe usati wamboputa. Pamusana pemhando yekenza yemapapu inowanikwa kune vasiri kusvuta, zviratidzo zvekenza yemapapu mune vasiri kusvuta zvinowanzosiyana, uye zvakanyanyisa, kupfuura avo vari kusvuta.
Kunzwisisa kuti mukenza wemapapu unoitika kune vasina kusvuta unogona kukubatsira iwe kudzidzisa mhuri yako neshamwari.
Sources:
American Cancer Society. Nei Chirwere Chekenza Chinokwidza Vasingatauri. Yashandurwa 1028/13. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/why-lung-cancer-strikes-nonsmokers
Hosgood, H. et al. Kushandiswa kwemazi emagetsi nemukenza wemapapu: kugadzirisa kuongorora uye kuongorora mamiriro ekuongorora-nyaya, nekusimbiswa kwekusiyana kwemajeri. International Journal of Epidemiology . 2011. 40 (3): 719-28.
Li, C. et al. Genetic variations muTERT-CLPTM1L majeni uye njodzi yemukenza wemapapu muvakadzi vechiChinese vasingatendi. PLoS One . 2013. 8 (5): e64988.
Markowitz, S. et al. Asbestos, asbestosis, kusvuta, uye kenza yemapapu. Zvitsva zvinowanikwa kubva kuNorth American insulator cohort. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 2013. 188 (1): 90-6.
Tung, M. et al. Sangano repidermal growth factor receptor mutations nemapillomavirus yevanhu 16/18 E6 incoprotein kutaura mumusana wechidiki wemukenza wemapapu. Cancer . 2013. 119 (18): 3367-76.