Kukurukurirana kukurukurirana kunopesana zvikuru.
Zvinokonzerwa Kukurukurirana inzira inosvika-debunked yekukurukurirana nevasiri vanhu vemazwi pa autism spectrum . Inosanganisira kushandiswa kwekibhodi uye "mutungamiri" uyo basa rake nderotsigira munhu wega autistic sezvavanonyora mhinduro dzavo kune mibvunzo, pfungwa, uye zvinetso. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rubatsiro runosanganisira kugunzva mumuviri wezvakaitwa nemunhu.
Mutevedzeri weC FC Tsanangura nzira
Dhipatimendi reSyrase University Department of Education Institute of Communication uye Inclusion inoramba ichidzidzisa FC senzira yepamutemo yekukurukurirana. Heino maitiro avanotsanangura izvo zvavanoti zvino "kushandiswa kutonga":
Kugadziriswa Kukurukurirana (FC) kana Kutsigirwa Kuchengeta inzira yekutaurirana uye kushandiswa kwekuwedzera (AAC) umo vanhu vane urema nekuvhiringidzika kwekutaurirana vanozviratidza ivo pachavo (kureva pamifananidzo, tsamba, kana zvinhu) uye, kazhinji, nekunyora (semuenzaniso mune keyboard). Nzira iyi inosanganisira shamwari yekukurukurirana uyo anogona kupa kukurudzirwa mupfungwa, kukurukurirana kunotsigira (semuenzaniso, kutarisa kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti munhu anotarisa pabhodibhokisi uye chekucherechedza zvinyorwa zvinyorwa) uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvepanyama, somuenzaniso kunonoka uye kugadzirisa kufamba kwomunhu, kunodzivisa kusafungidzira, kana kuti kumutsa munhu kuti atange kutaura; mutungamiri haafaniri kutama kana kutungamirira munhu.
Inowanzotaurirwa kune dzimwe nzira seConilitated Communication Training nokuti chinangwa chiri chekuzvimiririra kuverenga, zvinenge zvichinyorwa kuzvimiririra (semuenzaniso, ruoko pamapfudzi kana kubata mukati) kana kusanganiswa kwekutaura nekunyora - vamwe vanhu vakagadzirira kukwanisa kuverenga zvakanzwika uye / kana kutaura pamberi uye sezvavari kunyora. Kunyora kwekukurukurirana kunokurudzira kufambidzana kwekushamwaridzana kwevanhu, zvidzidzo, nekubatanidzwa mune zvikoro zvinosanganisira zvikamu.
Nhoroondo yeChirongwa Chekukurukurirana
Kukurukurirana kwakatanga kuumbwa neAustralia Rosemary Crossley, mushandi weStan Nicholas Hospital muMelbourne, Australia. Nenzira ya1980 kufarira mune nzira iyi yakanga ichikura. Kana zvakakodzera, FC inogona "kuzarura" pfungwa dzevanhu vasiri vanhu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti vataure pfungwa dzavo, pfungwa, uye zvido zvavo.
Mumakore ekuma1990, kufarira kwakanyanya kwa FC kwakaita kuti zvioneke sezviitiko zvinoshamisa: vanhu vasina kuratidzira kusangana munyika vanga vachiratidza pfungwa dzakaoma uye pfungwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ivo vairondedzerawo mamiriro ekudzvinyirirwa zvepabonde. Mushure mokupikisana kukuru, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti vanhu avo vaifungidzirwa kuva "kukurukurirana" vakanga vachinyatsotungamirirwa nevadzidzisi vavo.
Muna 1994, American Psychological Association yakataura pachena kuti kwakanga kusina uchapupu hwezvesayenzi hunotsigira FC. Sangano reAmerican Speech-Mutauro-Kunzwa uye American Academy of Pediatrics yakabudisa mashoko akafanana. Zvinetso zvavo - kuti FC inogona kukuvadza - yakatsigirwa apo vanhu vanoverengeka vemu autistic, vachishandisa FC, vaiti vaiti vakambodhirwa nevanotarisira.
Pashure pekutsvakurudza kwakawanda uye kushungurudzika, matambudziko akadzingwa.
Pasinei nezvakawanikwa zvisingaiti uye kukakavara, kufarira FC kwakaenderera mberi. Syracuse University, iyo yakanga yakagadzira Facilitated Communication Institute, yakagadzira tsvakurudzo. Zvinyorwa, kusanganisira 2005 Academy Award-yakasarudzwa Autism Is World , yakaramba ichifarira vanhu. Vatsvakurudzi veSyracuse, pamwe neYunivhesiti yeKansas neYunivhesiti yeNew Hampshire (pakati pevamwe) vanoramba vachitsvakurudza FC nekunzwisisa kuti inzvimbo yakarurama yekudzidza.
The Case Against Against FC
Muzhinji, vashandi vakawanda vanoramba FC, uye masangano anosanganisira American Speech-Hearing-Language Association, American Psychological Association, uye vamwe vane mitemo yakananga inotaura kuti FC inzira isingazivikanwi inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kupfuura kunaka.
Vanhu ivavo avo vanoramba FC vanoti mutungamiri we FC - uyo anotsigira mumuviri ruoko kana ruoko rwomupati - ari, chaizvoizvo, kubudisa pfungwa dzake dzekuziva kana dzisinganzwisisi. Dzimwe nguva, pfungwa idzodzo dzaisanganisira kutaura kusina musoro kwekushungurudzwa nevabereki nevatarisi.
Kuti atsanangure FC chiitiko, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakafananidza FC nebhodhi yejajaja. Bhokisi rakasungirirwa ibhodi rine mavara pamusoro payo. Vanhu vaviri vanoisa minwe yavo pachiratidzo, uye mweya yevakafa inofanirwa kutungamirira maoko avo kune tsamba kubhodhi, kunyora mharidzo kubva kune mhiri kweguva. Kazhinji kacho shoko iri, chaizvoizvo, rinotsanangurwa - asi tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti vashandi pachavo havana kutora maoko avo vasingazivi.
The Case for FC
Vanhu ivavo vanotsigira FC senzira chaiyo yekutaurirana nevasingaoneki pamusana pevotistic spectrum vakaita ivo pachavo tsvakurudzo. Kazhinji yenguva, kufambisa zvidzidzo zvakaronga pane zvidzidzo zvemhosva. Kuti aratidze kuti mukuru akadaro, zvechokwadi, kuisa pfungwa dzake pachake, vakabvunza mibvunzo iyo mutsigiri asingakwanise kupindura. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, munhu akadaro akafanirwa mhinduro dzakaita zvakakwana.
Sangano reKutaurirana neKubatanidzwa rinorongedza zviongorori zvepamusoro-soro zvakarongedzwa sevaya vanorondedzerwa pamusoro apa, vazhinji vanobva kubva pakutanga uye pakati pe1990 apo FC yakave yakakurumbira. Mukuwedzera, imwe nzira itsva asi yakafanana inonzi "Rapid Pointing" yakabatsira kusimudzira kufarira mutsva mune nzira. Rapid Pointing inotsanangurwa zvakadzama mubhuku raPortia Iversen raStange Son, uye FC inogona kuonekwa mukuita muvhidhiyo yeVidism: The Musical.
Tinofanira Kuedza FC here?
Icho chiri kuedza zvikuru kumubereki wemwana ane vese vasingatendi kuti aedze FC (kana kuti Rapid Pointing). Pfungwa yokuti kune pfungwa dzakabatwa mukati memwana wako, kungomirira zvishandiso zvinobuda, zvinomanikidzira zvikuru.
Asi ichokwadi here pfungwa yakanaka yekuedza FC?
Nepo kune masangano nemasangano achapa FC kudzidzisa (kusanganisira Syracuse University), FC haisi yekutanga yekukurukurirana. Usati watanga kufambidzana ne FC, zvinonzwisisika kuedza kudzidzisa mwana ne autism kushandisa mazano anozivikanwa zviri nani, anonzwisisika. Zvimwe zvingasanganisira mapepa emifananidzo , Mutauro Wemasaini wokuAmerica, zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvakadai semichina yekutaura inowedzera, digital pads, uye, zvechokwadi, zvakajairika (zvisina kutsigirwa) kuverenga. Hazvirevi kuti nzira idzi chete dzinopesana, asi dzose dzinoshandiswa zvikuru uye dzinonzwisiswa.
Kana, zvisinei, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakakundikana, FC inogona kunge iri nzira yekuedza. Kana iwe ukaedza FC, iva nechokwadi chekutsvaga mupiki uye mushonga zvakakwana kuti uone kuti hausi iwe unotambudzwa nechirwere.
Sources:
Elliott, James. >> Hondo pamusoro penzira yakakakavadzana yekutaura kwevhisi. The Atlantic . July 2016.Institute on Communication and Inclusion. Nhoroondo yekutsigirwa kudhinda. Syracuse University. Webhu. 2016
> Trembath, D. et al. Chenjerera: nhema inotevera! "Kutaurirana kukurukurirana, mubereki uye unyanzvi hwemagariro pamusoro pechipupuriro-based practice, uye simba rekusaziva.Uchapupu-Hwakagadzirirwa Kutaurirana Kuongorora uye Kupindira Vol. > 9 Nyaya 32015