Zvinokonzera Inosanganisira Virusi, Bhakitiriya, uye Parasites
Dhairrhea inogona kunge inopfuura kungokonzera kukura. Iko, chaizvoizvo, yechipiri chinotungamirira chikonzero chekufa muvana munyika iri kusimukira uye chikuru chinopa kubasa kusauya uye kurasikirwa kwekubudirira mubasa reAmerica.
Vakwegura, vana vaduku, uye vanhu vane mafungiro ezvirwere zvekudzivirirwa mumuviri vanowanzoshungurudzika uye vari pahuwandu hwehutano uye kunyange rufu nekuda kwekuwedzerwa kwemvura kwenguva refu.
Zvinotapukira zvinopesana neZvamwe Zvisingaiti Zvirwere Zvirwere
Viral, bhakitiriya, uye zvirwere zvepasisita ndizvo zvinowanzokonzera zvirwere, uye kazhinji zvinopararira kuburikidza nefecal-oral path . Iyi ndiyo iyo nyuchi dzine utachiona dzinopararira kubva kune mumwe munhu kusvika kune imwe (zvakadai kuburikidza nekubatwa kwemaoko), nekusangana nemhepo yakasvibiswa kana midziyo, kana kunwa zvokudya zvakasvibiswa kana kunwa.
Iko kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingabviri kupararira dzehurwere, dzinowanzoenderana nehutano hwehutachiona hwekudya, utachiona, kana endocrine (hormone) system. Pakati pezvinhu izvi zvinosuruvarisa bowel syndrome (IBS) , chirwere chinoputika chirwere (IBD) , chirwere checeliac , hyperthyroidism , uye kusagadzikana kwelasise .
Zvirwere zvinotapukira zverwere zvinokonzera chirwere chinonzi gastroenteritis , chinogonawo kukonzera kushushikana, kurutsa, uye kurwadziwa mumimba. Kana chirwere chiri pamwe chete neropa, inonzi inonzi maronda.
Viral Causes
Mavirusi ndiwo anonyanya kukonzera chirwere uye anowirirana zvikuru kune mamwe mana chaiwo:
- Norovirus , inozivikanwawo se "cruise ship virus," ndicho chikonzero chinowanzovhiringidza chekudya-inobatwa gastroenteritis muUnited States.
- Rotavirus ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera chirwere muvana veAmerica uye chinokonzera rufu rwevana munyika inosimudzira.
- Adenovirus marudzi 40 uye 41 ndiwo madiki anokonzerwa nehurwere uye ari pakati pemapoka makumi mashanu eAdenovirus anozivikanwa kumunhu (ayo anosanganisirawo mavhaya echando).
- Astroviruses inowanzokonzera zvirwere zvekurara kune vakwegura, vana, uye vanhu vane maitiro ekudzivirira zvirwere.
Mabhakiteriya Anokonzera
Bhabiteriya chirwere chikuru chinokonzera kurwara uye rufu pasi rese. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzozivikanwi muUnited States kudarika hutachiona hwehutachiona, hutachiona hwemhando dzacho hunogona kutungamirira kumaronda nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwezvironda uye kuputika mumatumbu. Pakati pezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika:
- Salmonella enteritidis inogona kukonzera diarrhea, fever, uye mimba makumbo mumaawa 12 kusvika ku 72 ekudya zvokudya zvakasvibiswa kana chinwiwa.
- Escherichia coli (zvikurukuru E. coli 0157) inopararira kuburikidza nezvokudya zvakasvibiswa uye michero yekurairi uye zvinogona kutungamirira kune chiitiko chinozivikanwa sehemorrhagic colitis.
- Shigella inowanzoonekwa muAmerica uye kumativi ose enyika uye inogona kukonzera kubudisa ropa, kunyanya kune vana vekudzidza kwezera.
- Campylobacter inomumwe wezvakanyanya kufanana nezvipembenene zvezvokudya zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya uye zvinogona kukonzera chirwere chekuda ropa nemhaka yehutachiva hwekurwadziwa kwemukaka
- Vibrio chirwere chinowanzobatanidzwa nekudya zvokudya zvakasvibirirwa zvegungwa kana sushi.
- Staphylococcus aureus inogona kukonzera chirwere chinoputika pamusana pezvinodhaka zvakabudiswa nebhakitiriya.
- Clostridium difficile yakasiyana neyokuti kuwedzera kwehutachiona kunowanzobatanidzwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Iro nhasi ndiyo chikonzero chinowanzovhiringidza chechipatara-chakawana chirwere.
- Yersinia inozivikanwa semabhakitiriya anokonzera denda rebuonic uye inonyanya kuwanika mune zvigadzirwa zvemiti.
Zvinokonzera Zvikonzero
Protozoa ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera chirwere chepachirwere zvose muU.S. uye kumativi ose enyika. Izvi zvisikwa zvakasara-mhepo zvinouya nenzira dzakawanda uye zvinowanzoparidzirwa kuburikidza nemvura inonwa nehutachiwana. Pakati pezvikonzero zvitatu zvinowanzokonzera zvirwere zvepachirwere:
- Giardia lamblia inodarika zvokudya zvakasvibiswa kana nemunhu-ku-munhu kusangana uye zvinogona kukonzera kuparara kwemahara mukati memazuva maviri ekutapukira.
- Entamoeba histolytica inobatanidza fecal-oral transmission uye inogona kukonzera chirwere cheropa chirwere sezvo microorganisms dzakatora nzira yavo mumatumbo emukati.
- Cryptosporidium inozivikanwa kuti inokonzera zvirwere zvose zvekufema uye zvepamuviri uye inoratidzwa nekugadzirwa kwemvura.
Kuongorora nekurapa
Kubva pamhando yemararamiro anoziva-pamwe nezvimwe zviratidzo uye maitiro (kusanganisira munhu anofamba nezvenyaya) -chiremba achange achimhanya mhando dzeongororo kuti aone kuti chii chinokonzera chirwere.
Chigaro chechigaro chinowanzoshandiswa kuongorora zvirwere zvebhakitiriya, asi kuenzanisa microscopic uye antigen-based tests kunogona kubatsira kuziva protozoa muzvigaro zviduku. Zvirwere zvepachirwere zvinogona kuongororwa nekushanda kuongorora kwePCR pamubhedha wemunhu, ropa, kana zvimwe zvirwere zvemuviri.
Kurapa kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechikonzero. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nemishonga inoshandiswa maitiro inowanzoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvebhakitiriya uye zvehutachiona, pamwe chete, asi chero nhamba ipi yeantimicrobial agents inogona kushandiswa kana chikonzero chacho chiri protozoan.
Mukuwedzera, mishonga inorambidza-diarrheal inogona kurongerwa pamwe chete nemuromo wemishonga yekudzivirira muviri kunodzivirira kana kubata kurasikirwa kwemvura. Fluid inogonawo kununurwa mukati-kati (kuburikidza nemuviri) kana kupera mvura kunonyanya kuoma. Mishonga yokurapa pamarwadzo inogona kubatsira kuderedza kurwadziwa uye fever.
Kudzivirira
Chimwe chekudzivirira chinonyatsokwana mapaundi ekurapa pazvinouya pakudzivisa chirwere chinopararira. Mukuru pakati pemabasa ekudzivirira unhu hwakanaka uye kushamba maoko nguva dzose. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vazhinji vachabhadhara mukana wekugadzirisa maantibacterial , kuchenesa zvakakwana nemvura inopisa uye sese inowanzoita mano. Kuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu ehutsanana muimba yekugezera, kicheni, uye chero kupi zvayo zvokudya zvinopedzwa zvakarewo.
Kana uchibika nkhuku, nyama, kana shellfish, iva nechokwadi chekuti yakanyatsogadzirwa uye inoshandiswa chekishmometer yekicheni, kana ichidikanwa. Tora zvakanyanya kushambidza michero nemiriwo uye usapedza kudya mahwanda akaparadzana kana iwe uine mubvunzo pamusoro pekubva kwahwo kana kuti kutsva. Kugadzira mapuranga nemidziyo zvinofanirawo kucheneswa mushure mekusangana nemhuka yakasviba, huku, kana hove.
Pakupedzisira, kana uchifamba kune imwe mhiri kwemavirira, iva nechokwadi chekuti zvirwere zvako zvakasvika. Kana uchigadzirira kushanyira nyika iri kusimukira, shanyira webhusaiti yehutano yefambiro inotungamirirwa neCenters for Disease Control uye Kudzivirira kuti udzidze kuti ndeipi zvirongwa zvinodiwa uye kuti uongorore chero ruzivo rune chokuita nemvura uye chekuchengetedza kwekudya kweko.
> Sources:
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> Kasper, D .; Fauci, A .; Hauser, S. et al. (2015) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw Hill Dzidzo
> Lanata, C .; Fischer-Walker, C ;; Olascoaga, et al. "Kurwisana Kwepasi Pese Dambudziko reDhairral Disease Kufa Kwevana