Sirifi imwe yezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa zvepabonde zvinotapurirana (zvirwere zvepabonde), zvinonziwo chirwere chepabonde (STDs). Inokonzerwa nebhakitiriya Treponema pallidum uye inogona kuonekwa nekuonekwa kwechirwere chepachiropa chakasununguka, chinozivikanwa sechancre, pamakumbo ekurara, muromo, anus, kana rectum. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kubata chirwere cheswiti, asi dzidzo inobva pane imwe nzvimbo iyo utachiona huri mu (primary, secondary, latent, uye tetiary).
Nharaunda imwe neimwe ine zviratidzo zvayo zviratidzo uye zviratidzo-uye zvinogona kuoma.
Kunyange zvazvo chiyero chechirwere chechirwere chakakonzerwa zvikuru nekushandiswa kwepirisilini penicillin mumakore ekuma1940, dzakawanda zvepfuma idzi dzakadzorerwa mumakore achangopfuura. Nhasi, chirwere ichi chinokanganisa vanhu vanopfuura 27 000 veAmerica gore negore uye vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni matanhatu munyika yose.
Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa chaiyo yechivipiti inogona kukuvadza, utachiona hunowanzoshandiswa kana hunoonekwa uye hunoonekwa, uye hurumende hudzivirirwa nekushandiswa kwemakondomu uye kuderedza kuwanda kwevanhu vanoita zvepabonde.
Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinoratidzwa nechikwata chepachirwere. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe zviratidzo zvisinganzwisisiki, vamwe havana kusiyanisa uye vanogona kunge vasingazivi.
- Primary syphilis inowanzoratidzwa nechancre , kazhinji mukati memazuva makumi maviri ekuzorora. Nemhaka yokuti chancres kazhinji haina kurwadziwa uye mukati, inogona kuraswa nyore nyore nevarwere nevarapi. Pasina kurapwa, chancre ichaporesa chero kupi zvako kubva mavhiki matatu kusvika matanhatu.
- Secondary syphilis inoitika mukati memasvondo mana kusvika ku10 ekutanga kwehutachiona. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvinoratidza kuwanda kwechirwere ndeyekupararira kwepamuti, chimiro, uye (kunyanya kutaura) zvimiti uye zviso zvetsoka . Zviratidzo zvakaita sefuru zvinogona kuenderana nekukurumidza. Kune, zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuratidza ivo pachavo nenzira dzisiri dzisiri. Zviratidzo zvinowanzogadzirisa kusina kurapwa mumavhiki matatu kusvika matanhatu.
- Latent syphilis inoratidzirwa nekusavapo kwemazviratidzo, kunogara chero kubva pamakore kusvika kumakumi emakore, uye inobva pakuongorora ropa. Nechinangwa chekuongororwa, danho rinowanotsanangurwa sevekutanga pakutanga latent (pasi pegore kubva pakupedzisira kuongororwa ropa) kana nguva yekupedzisira latent (kupfuura gore kubva pakupedzisira kuongorora ropa).
- Syphilis yepamusoro ndiyo nharaunda yakakomba yehutachiona. Inoratidzwa nezvirwere zvikuru zveganda, mapfupa, mwoyo, chiropa, uye dzimwe nhengo. Neurosyphilis , zvinongodaro kushungurudzika kwakanyanya, kunokanganisa uropi uye ,, kure, zvakanyanya kuoma kurapa.
Congenital syphilis chirwere chakakomba chekurapa umo amai vane hutachiwana vanopedzisira vachisvibisa mwana wavo asati aberekwa. Mukuwedzera kumapapu, chiropa, spleen, uye zvinetso zvepfungwa, congenital syphilis inogona kutungamirira kuhutano hwepanyama uye hwemaziso, kukurumidza kusimbiswa, nekuremara kwepfungwa.
Zvinokonzera
Treponema pallidum ibhakitiriya yakafanana nemhepo inokonzera zvirwere muvanhu. Iyo yakagadzirwa nemakona yakaita kuti ikwanise kupinda mumucu membrane kana kupinda maminitsi emapapu paganda.
Syphilis inoparadzirwa zvinenge zvichishandisa mumuromo , mumadzimai, kana pabonde , kana kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura. Pashoma zvishoma, siripiti inogona kudarika kuburikidza nekutsvoda kana ganda rakaputsika rinosangana neshungu yakavhurika.
Syphilis haigone kupfurikidza nezvigaro zvepachivande, kusangana kwevanhu vasina kufanira, kana midziyo yakagoverana kana kuchengetwa kwemunhu.
Pane zvimwe zviitiko zvinogona kuwedzera mungozi wehutachiwana hwehutachiona:
- Kuita zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa
- Multiple sex partners
- HIV utachiona
Kuva murume anoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM), vanhu vayo vanomiririra huwandu hwesipirisi zvirwere
Kuziva
Syphilis kuedzwa inzira mbiri-mbiri iyo isingaiti treponemal (iyo inogona kuona kukuvara kunokonzerwa neT . pallidum ) inoshandiswa pamwe chete ne treponemal test (iyo inogona kuona bhakitiriya pachayo). Zvose izvi zvinokonzerwa neropa. Nemhaka yokuti misiyo isina-treponemal inonyanya kuoma, inowanzoitwa pakutanga.
Kana kuongororwa kwakanaka, chirwere che treponemal chichashandiswa kusimbisa kuongororwa.
Nekuongororwa kweropa, kusvibisa kunogona kuonekwa mukati memavhiki kana maviri ekutsvaga. Mhedzisiro yakarurama yakakwana inogona kuwanikwa mumwedzi mitatu yokutanga, asi mukana wehuwandu hwenhema hunowedzera kuwedzera shure kwemazuva 90.
Ropa, mavara, uye mvura inonaya inogonawo kuongororwa zvakajeka uchishandisa nzira inonzi inozivikanwa semasikati-microscopy . Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvishoma zvinowanzoshandiswa mazuva ano (zvichienderana nekudiwa kwevanyanzvi vane unyanzvi kwazvo), microscopy yakaita masikati inogona kupa vanachiremba zvine uchapupu hwakasimba, hunoonekwa hwehutachiona. Inogona kushandiswa munguva yeutachiona hwekutanga kana kuti mune imwe nguva-chirwere chepwere apo zvirwere zvakaoma kuongorora.
Kurapa
Syphilis zvirwere zvinogona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Penicillin (via injection) inonzi inodhaka yemishonga, asi zvimwe (zvakadai sa doxycycline, tetracycline, azithromycin, kana ceftriaxone) zvinogona kushandiswa kana munhu ari kurwisa penicillin.
Kurapa kwechiphilisisi kunogona kusiyaniswa nechikwata chekutapukirwa:
- Chirwere chekutanga, chechipiri, uye chekutanga chinonzi syphilis chinogona kurapwa nechirwere chimwe chepenicillin.
- Late latent syphilis inoda mapfupa matatu, imwe neimwe inopiwa muvhiki imwe chete.
- Sipphilisiti yepamusoro yaizobatwa nenzira imwechete yakadai sekupedzisira kwechirwere chechirwere kana uropi uye hutachiona hwehutano husina kubatanidzwa.
- Neurosyphilis inoda kosi yezuva remakore gumi kusvika kumasere gumi nemapfumbamwe ekurapa, zvichida nepenicillin yepramuscular kana kusanganiswa kwepenicillin shots nemishonga yemuromo.
Kunyangwe kana utachiona hwepamusoro huchibviswa, chero njodzi inowanikwa kuuropi kana dzimwe nhengo dzingasakanganiswa. Zvimwe zvinopindira, kusanganisira kuvhiyiwa, zvinogona kudiwa kubatsira kutarisira kana kugadzirisa kukanganisa.
Kudzivirira
Makondomu anoramba ari kuzvidzivirira kwekutanga kune zvirwere zvepabonde zvakadai sedhiphilis. Kunyange zvazvo makondomu asina kukanganisa (kunyanya kana usingashandisi zvakanaka), iyo ndiyo nzira yakatendeseka yekudzivirira kusadzikama.
Kukosha kwakakosha kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu waunorara navo, kunyanya avo vasingazivikanwi. Pakuguma, vanhu vakawanda wamunoita zvepabonde navo, zvinowedzera maitiro ehutachiona.
Kuti uzvidzivirire iwe nevamwe, unogona kufunga kuwana chirwere cheDDD kubva kuchiremba wako kana kliniki yemunharaunda. IU.S. Preventive Services Task Force ikozvino inokurudzira kuti vanhu vari pangozi yakawanda yehutachiona iongororwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira MSM, kuvhiya vashandisi vezvinodhaka, kana vanhu vane mazano akawanda zvepabonde uye / kana kuti vanoita zvepabonde zvisina kudzivirirwa.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanhu vari pangozi yakakura yechirwere kupfuura vamwe, musazvinyengedza mukufunga kuti makachengeteka bedzi nokuti hamu "kurara." Maererano nehuwandu hunobva kuCenters for Disease Control nekudzivirira, chirwere chechirwere pakati pevakadzi chakawedzera ne35.7 muzana pakati pegore ra2015 ne2016 chete uye chakasimuka mumarudzi ose ezera uye rudzi / dzinza revanhu muUnited States.
Kana usina chokwadi pamusoro pehutano hwako, zviite iwe unofadza uye uongororwe. Kunyangwe iwe uchiedza kuve wakanaka, iwe wekare iwe unoziva, unokurumidza iwe unogona kurapwa-uye zvishoma iwe unenge uine hutachiwana vamwe.
Sources:
> Bowen, V .; Su, J .; Torrone, E. et al. "Kuwedzerwa mumuitiro we congenital syphilis - United States, 2012-2014." MMWR. 2015; 64 (44): 1241-5. DOI: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6444a3.
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. "2016 Kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvepabonde: Syphilis." Atlanta, Georgia; yakarongedzwa musi waSeptember 26, 2017.
> Hayden, Deborah. (2008) Po: Genius, Madness, uye Mysteries of Syphilis. New York City, New York: Basic Books. ISBN: 978-0786724130.
> Lee, K .; Nyo-Metzger, Q .; Wolff, T. et al. "Utachiona hwepabonde: Mazano kubva kuUnited States Preventive Services Task Force." Amer Fam Phys. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.
> Workowski, B. uye Bolan, G. "Zvepabonde Zvirwere Zvirwere Zvokurapa Zvinyorwa, 2015." MMWR . 2015 Aug 28; 64 (33): 924.