Sirifi inokonzerwa nebhakitiriya Treponema pallidum. Chirwere chacho chinowanzoongororwa neongororo yeropa iyo inoona mapuroteni, anonzi antibodies , anokonzerwa nemuviri mukupindura kwehutachiona. Kana uchinge watapukirwa, zvirwere zveT. pallidum zvicharamba zviri muropa rako kwemakore. Kazhinji, kuongororwa kwebasa kunogona kupa mazano ekuti kana utachiona hutsva kana chimwe chakaitika kare.
Mukuwedzera kune miedzo inowanikwa kuchipatara, hofisi yechiremba, kana kuti ma pharmacy, kune mazvikokota akawanda ekuzviongorora anokubvumira kuedza kubva kunyaradzo yeimba yako.
Kudzika-Cheki / Pamba-Kuedzwa
Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi chikuru zvekuongorora kweSDD ndezvakaipa kana kunyadziswa izvo vamwe vanoona pavanotarisana nekuda kubvunza chiremba. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanhu vanowanzorega kuongororwa kwemakore uye kunyange makumi emakore kusvikira hutachiona hunoerekana hwachinja.
Ziva kuti iwe haugone kuzviongorora iwe nechirwere chechirwere kubva pane zviratidzo zvako, kunyange iwe ukacherechedza chirwere. Asi iwe unogona kushandisa dzimba-based STD kit, iyo huwandu hwehutano hwehutano hwehupfumi hwakatsigira; iyo sarudzo inobatsira vanhu vazhinji kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvekuedzwa.
Pakati pemhando dzinowanikwa (uye zvinowanikwa nehutano hwavo):
- Rapid syphilis test kits inotaridzika sekutengesa mitezo uye inoda madonhwe maviri emaropa kuti iongororwe, iyo inowanzoitwa mumaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Kunyange pazvinenge zviri nyore, ivo vanowanzoita kusachenesa uye kushandiswa kwevashandi.
- Ma il-mukuedza maitiro anotora ichi kusvika kune imwe inotevera. Iwe unyoresa paIndaneti, uchipa ruzivo rwezvokurapa nguva isati yaedzwa. Nyore-inonyanya kuongororwa ropa inotumirwa kwauri, iyo yaunotora uye wotumira kune imwe yakarongwa yekuongorora. Migumisiro, iyo yaunowana paIndaneti mukati memakore maviri kusvika mashanu ebhizimisi, inowanzove yakajeka kwazvo kupfuura yezviedzo iwe unonyatsozviita iwe pachako.
Kunyange zvazvo makiti anowanikwa nyore nyore paIndaneti, unofanira kusarudza zvakanyatsonaka. Ikoko pane zvishoma zvinyorwa zvemagetsi zveInternet, pamba pamba STD test kits. Sezvo zvakadaro, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chokuti uyo waunosarudza anosangana nemitemo yeCliniki Laboratories Improvement Amendment (CLIA) uye kuti miedzo yakatumirwa uye inogamuchirwa neU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Kuti uone, taura nehofisi yeC CLIA yekare . Usatsauswa nemashoko akadai se "FDA-inogamuchirwa technologies".
Labs uye Miedzo
Nokuti T. pallidum yakaoma kwazvo kuti ive yakagadzirwa, chirwere chinoda kuonekwa mune imwe yenzira mbiri: kusanzwisiswa kwakananga kwehutachiona kana kuonekwa zvakananga kwehupenyu.
Dhigirii Ropa
Nzira isina kurongeka, kushandisa kusanganiswa kwechiremba-yakaitwa ropa, ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa yekuedza. Inosanganisira zvikwata zviviri zvakasiyana zvekuedzwa zvakaitwa pashure pekutevera:
- Zvisiri-Treponemal Miedzo: Kuongororwa kunowanzotanga nemaviri evanhu vasina-treponemal yeropa dzinonzi test venetal disease research laboratory (VDRL) uye hurongwa hweplasma reagin (RPR) yakakurumidza. Zvose dzinoona ma antibodies ku cardiolipin-cholesterol-lecithin antigen, iyo inyaya inogadzirwa mukugadzirisa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa ne-syphilis mabhakitiriya. Zvisinei, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemishonga inokonzerwa mune zvimwe zvirwere, zvakadai se lupus uye Lyme chirwere. Kunyange zvazvo miedzo isinganzwisisiki, isingadhuri, uye iri nyore kushandisa, zvisiri izvo zvinowanzoita kuti zvive nyore kune zvikanganiso-zvenhema . Sezvo zvakadaro, zvigumisiro zvinoda kusimbiswa nezvozvinyorwa zvakadzama, kunyange zvazvo zvakadhura, treponemal kuedzwa.
- Miedzo yeTeponemal: Kana miedzo isingaiti-treponemal inofadza, zvigumisiro zvingadaro zvichisimbiswa neimwe yezviverengero zvekutengesa treponemal. Kuongorora kweTeponemal kunoona T. pallidum antibodies inogadzirwa mukupindura mabhakitiriya pachake. Kunyange zvazvo zvakananga, havakwanise kusiyanisa pakati pepakapera kana kuti ikozvino. Ndicho chikonzero ichi kuti miedzo inofanira kushandiswa pamwechete kuti iongororwe. Treponemal test options anosanganisira fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA-ABS), T. pallidum particle agglutination assay (TP-PA), enzyme immunoassays (EIA), uye chemiluminescence immunoassays (CIA).
Migumisiro yezviyero izvi inonzi ichishanda zvakanaka kana isingaiti.
Kuita zvekare kune chepirponemal inofanirwa kutapukirwa asi haikwanise kuzivisa kana chirwere chacho chakaitika. Kuti uone izvi, ibhi ichaenzanisa migumisiro yeropa-kusanganisira nhamba (titer) yezvirwisana zvinowanikwa muropa-kugadzira danga rekutapurirwa uye nzira yakakodzera yekurapa .
Reverse Screening
Izvi zvinotevera kuongororwa kweropa-kwete-treponemal kutanga, treponemal wechipiri-inonzi ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekugadzirisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kuendeswa kuitira kuti treponemal test iitwe kutanga uye kusaridzika kwetatu kwete kwechipiri kunoitwa wechipiri.
Zinozivikanwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoratidzira kuongorora, izvi zvine zvose zvinobatsira uye zvisingabatsiri. Pamusoro pezvakaitika mberi, zvinowanzove zvakanyanya kuona-uye nguva yekupedzisira-mawere. Pamusoro pezvakaipa, kudzokorora kuongororwa kunogona kudhura uye kunogona kutora chigadzirisa chinokanganisa kunyange kana munhu akamborapwa. Mhedzisiro-inogadzirisa migumisiro inonetsa kuburikidza nezvokuti inogona kutungamirira kudzokorora kusingakoshi kwehutano.
Nepo kushandiswa kwekudzokorora kwakave nenzvimbo yaro, kuenzanirana kwekuenzanisa kwechirwere kuchiri kukurudzirwa mune dzimwe nguva.
Dark-Field Microscopy
Nzvimbo yakasviba-microscopy ndiyo nzira yakananga yokuedza shoma inowanzoshandiswa mazuva ano sezvo inoda nyanzvi dzinyanzvi. Inoshandiswa nokutora sampu yemutumbi wemuviri (zvichibva pamusana wekancre kana mumutsara wemutsara ) nekuitarisa pasi pekroscope nokuda kwehupupu hunoratidzwa hwebhakitiriya. Muedzo wacho unogonawo kuitwa pamashizha emhando kana mumasasa.
Nzvimbo yakasviba-microscopy inogona kuve yakakosha mune chirwere chekupedzisira-apo mamwe mimwe miedzo isinganzwisisiki kana muchecheche dzinowanzoomerwa kuongorora.
Vacheche
Congenital syphilis inoitika kana utachiona hwapfuura kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvitakura. Vacheche vaine syphilis havawanzove vane zviratidzo zvechirwere uye vanogona kungovadzidzisa mugore repiri rehupenyu.
Kuongororwa muzvitsva kunogona kuva kwakaoma kubvira apo maamai ekurwisa anoshanda ari muropa remwana kwemwedzi 12 kusvika ku18 yekutanga yeupenyu. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti, panguva ino, vanachiremba havakwanisi kunzwisisa zvirwere zvakabva kuna amai kana kuti ndezvomwana (zvinoreva kuti mwana ane utachiona).
Nezvo izvo zvichitaurirwa, kana zvipembenene zvemwana zvakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura amai, mwana wacho angangodaro ane utachiona. Nzvimbo yakasviba-microscopy inogona kupa uchapupu hwakananga hwehutachiona.
Kusiyanisa Kuongorora
Nokuti saruphi inofananidza dzimwe zvirwere zvakanyanya uye inowanzodikanwa kududzirwa kwakanyanya kwemigumisiro yekuongororwa ropa, kuwedzera kumwe kudiwa kunoitwa kuti kuve nechokwadi kuti kuongororwa kwakarurama. Izvi zvinoda kuongororwa kwakasiyana-siyana , kunyanya panguva yechirwere chepamusoro apo zviratidzo zvinogona kuva zvakasiyana uye zvakanyanya.
Vanachiremba vanoedza kwete kwete nekuda kwechirwere, asi nokuda kwechlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, uye HIV vachishandisa jeri rakakura rekuongorora kweSDD . Mamwe maitiro emabhandi uye ekufungidzira anogonawo kurairwa kuti asabvisa zvimwe zvinokonzera. Pakati pezvakawanda zvekutsvaga:
- Primary syphilis: candidiasis, cystitis, herpes simplex virus, granuloma inguinale, urethritis, mamwe maDDS
- Secondary syphilis: HIV, Kawasaki chirwere, mononucleosis, pityriasis rosea, Rocky Mountain yakaona fever, scarlet fever
- Syphilis yepamusoro: brain tumor, carcinoma, congestive moyo kusagadzikana, meningococcemia, chirwere chepfungwa, multiple sclerosis, chirwere
Kuongorora Mazano
Iwe haufaniri kushandisa zvachose kusavapo kwezviratidzo sechikonzero chekuti usaongororwa. Nemhaka yokuti zvirwere zvepiritsi zvinowanzoitika uye zvisingazivikanwi, dzinogona kuraswa nyore nyore kana kukanganisa kune dzimwe zvirwere. Kusvika pakupedzisira, US Preventive Services Task Force inokurudzira kuongorora saruphi kwevakadzi vose vane pamuviri uye chero munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ane ngozi yakawanda yekutapukirwa.
Izvi zvinosanganisira varume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) , vanhu vanowanzoita zvepabonde, kushandisa injini yemishonga, uye vanhu vanoita zvepabonde vasina kudzivirirwa.
Sources:
> Braccio, S .; Sharland, M .; uye Ladhani, S. "Kudzivirira nekurapa kutapurirwa kwechirwere kumwana kusvika kumwana." Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2016; 29 (3): 268-74. DOI: 10.1097 / QCO.0000000000000270.
> Lee, K .; Nyo-Metzger, Q .; Wolff, T. et al. "Utachiona hwepabonde: Mazano kubva kuUnited States Preventive Services Task Force." Amer Fam Phys. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.
> Workowski, B. uye Bolan, G. "Zvepabonde Zvirwere Zvirwere Zvokurapa Zvinyorwa, 2015." MMWR . 2015 Aug 28; 64 (33): 924.