Kenza yepachira ndiyo inowanzozivikanwa yekenza inowanikwa muUnited States, uye inogona kuputsika mu squamous cell kanzira, basal cell kanzira, uye melanomas, uyewo mamwe maitiro evanhu vashoma. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira chirwere chisina kuporesa, nzvimbo itsva paganda, kana kuti mole inenge ichichinja. Kana vanachiremba vachifungira kenza yepachirwere panguva yekuongorora, biopsy inodiwa kuti iongororwe.
Zvirwere zvinoshandiswa zvinoenderana nemhando uye chikwata, nekuvhiyiwa kubvisa kenza inonyanya kushandiswa. Ne melanomas uye yakakura squamous cell carcinomas, mamwe marapirwo akadai sokuti immunotherapy, chemotherapy, kana kuti rayation inogona kudiwa. Chimwe chekudzivirira chinonyatsokwana mapaundi emishonga, uye kune zvinhu zvakawanda zviri nyore vanhu vanogona kuita kuderedza ngozi yavo.
Penguva ino, kenza yeganda inofungidzirwa sehosha muUnited States, ine kenza yemaperembudzi inofanirwa makumi mashanu kubva muzana yemarariya ose. Inenge 80 muzana yevakafa inokonzerwa ne melanomas, uye kutsvakurudza kutarisa nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuona uye kubata zvekenza idzi dziri kuenderera mberi.
Kunzwisisa pepa
Vanhu vazhinji havafungi ganda sechirongwa, asi sevamwe nhengo, ine sarudzo yakajeka uye dzakawanda zvinoshanda. Sezvo kusarudzwa kwemishonga yekenza yenguruve inowanzoenderana ne "kudzika" kwekenza, zvinobatsira kunzwisisa zvitatu zvepakati peganda.
Epidermis
Iyo epidermis ndiyo yakakwirira yeganda uye inoshumira mabasa akawanda, kusanganisira kuchengetedza mukati memiviri yedu kubva pane zvakasikwa. Maseji ari muchitanda ichi anokonzera kenza kanowanzozivikanwa zvikuru yeganda: squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, uye melanoma.
- Masero ane mashoma: Masero aya ari pasi pekunze kweganda.
- Basal cells; Basal cells iri pasi peganda rakasvibiswa uye inobudisa masero matsva eganda.
- Melanocytes : Aya masero ari pasi pezasi uye anoita kuti melanin, iyo pigment inopa ganda ruvara rwayo.
Dermis
Iyo dermis ndeyepakati yeganda rakagadzirwa ne collagen uye elastin, uye ine mvere dzemafuta, mafuta anokonzera mafuta (sebaceous glands), nerve, uye mitsipa yeropa.
Subcutaneous tissues
Mishonga iri pasi pega ine mafuta, zvinogadzirisa mishonga, uye miviri yakawanda yeropa, nehuwandu hweizvi tema hunosiyana zvichienderana kana munhu akaonda kana kuti kudarika.
Mhando dzeCancer Cancer
Iko kune mitatu inowanzojairika yekenza yeganda, ine mitero inopfuura 100 yakawanda inowanzoitikawo. Pamwe chete, basal cell carcinoma uye squamous cell carcinoma inonzi inonzi non-melanoma yeganda rekenza.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ndiyo inonyanya kufanana nekenza yeganda, inofanirwa ne75 muzana kusvika 80 muzana yemarariya aya. Nengozi yeupenyu hwekusimudzira basal cell carcinoma ikozvino inenge 30 muzana. Yakave yakawanikwa inowanikwa pakati pevanhu vepakati kana yekare, asi iri kuwedzera kuwanikwa kune vechidiki. Ndiyo kenza yakawanda kwazvo yeganda pakati peSpainan.
Basal cell carcinoma inowanzotangira panzvimbo dzakasvibirira zuva, zvakadai sechiso, mutsi, uye maoko.
Iko kenza inononoka iyo inowanzopararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri, asi vanhu vane nhoroondo yeBCC vari pangozi yekuwana yechipiri BCC. Kana basal cell carcinoma isiri kurapwa, inogona kukuvadza mhuka dzakapoteredza, zvichikonzera kusapera uye zvingaguma dzichipinda mumapfupa. Mishonga inobatsira zvikuru kana aya kanzira inowanika uye inorapwa nokukurumidza.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) inokwana 16 muzana kusvika 20 muzana yekenza yeganda uye inoitika kaviri kakawanda mune varume sevakadzi. Idzi ndidzo dzinowanzosiyana dzekenza yeganda inowanikwa mumatema. Kusiyana nebasal cell carcinomas, aya kanzura inogona kupararira (metastasize) kana ikava yakakura.
Inowanzoitika pameso, nzeve, mutsi, miromo, uye kumashure emaoko. SCC inogonawo kutanga mukati memakumbo kana ganda remuchero pane dzimwe nzvimbo pamuviri. Sezvo ne basal cell carcinoma, mishonga inowanika inobudirira zvikuru kana tumarara inowanikwa apo iri duku uye yakaonda. Squamous cell carcinomas ine ushamwari hwakasimba zvikuru nekutarisa kwezuva.
Melanoma
Chironda ndechimwe chinotyisa chekenza yepachizi uye, kunyange zvisingawanzozivikanwi kupfuura basal cell uye squamous cell cancers, inokonzera vazhinji vevanofa kubva pachirwere. Izvozvo zvinogona kubuda muzvigadzirwa zveganda, asi kazhinji zvinotanga pane imwe iripo. Inowanikwa kakawanda kumashure kwevarume, pamakumbo kune vakadzi, uye pamichindwe emaoko, pasi pemakumbo, uye pasi peminwe kana zvigunwe zvevanhu vane mavara emuchena. Izvozvo zvakati, aya kanzira inogona kuitika chero kupi zvako, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzeganda dzisina kumbobvira dzichionekwa nezuva.
Chiitiko che melanoma chave chiri kuwedzera zvikuru muUnited States kwemakore makumi matatu apfuura. Kunyange zvazvo melanoma yakawanda ka20 inowanzoonekwa mune vatsvene, chiitiko che melanoma pasi pezvipikiri chakafanana nevanhu vese ruvara rweganda. Mukuwedzera, kuponeswa kwehupenyu kune avo vanoongororwa ndeyepamusoro mumatema. Mune mamwe mazwi, munhu wose anoda kuziva chirwere ichi.
Kufanirwa kwemasvondo aya kwakanaka pavanowanikwa kare, asi inodonha zvakanyanyisa apo inopararira kune nhengo dzomukati dzomukati kana nhengo, dzakadai samapfupa, mapapu, chiropa, uye uropi. Zvitano zvitsva, zvisinei, zviri kuchinja mutsauko, uye kunyange mamwe akapfuura ma melanomas anogona kurongedzwa nemishonga iyi.
Rare Types
Zvishoma zvishoma, kune dzimwe mhando dzekenza dzinomuka paganda kana mucheka-zvakabatana. Zvishoma pane izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Merkel cell carcinoma: Merkel cell carcinomas ndiyo inowanzoshaya kanzura yeganda kakawanda inowanikwa mukati meziso pakati pevanhu vepakati pepakati. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi, aya kanzura ari kuwedzera. Vanowanzova nehasha, uye vanopararira nokukurumidza kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.
- Kaposi's sarcoma : Mukenza uyu unokonzerwa neKapasi sarcoma herpesvirus, uye kazhinji inowanikwa mune vanhu vane HIV / AIDS, kana kuti vanozivikanwa nokuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero zvakadai sekugadzirwa kwechirongwa. Icho chinopa sehombodo tsvuku, bhuruu, kana kuti tsvuku dzakapoteredza muviri pamwe nekuputika kunogona kuva kwakanyanya. Nenzira inonakidza, inowanzopindura zvakanaka kumishonga yeHIV.
- Sebaceous gland carcinoma: Aya kanzura anobva mumaronda anonyadzisa, uye anoitika kakawanda kuvakadzi vakwegura, vakakomberedza ziso.
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance: Aya kancita anotanga seguruva rakaoma rinobva mumvura uye rinopararira nokukurumidza. Izvo zvakabatana nejeni rekuchinja, izvo zvinoguma nekugadzirisa kudarika kweprotheni inozivikanwa se platelet-yakagadzirwa kukura.
Ganda Metastases uye Mamwe Makana Anopinda Muhombodo
Dzimwe nguva, zvirwere zvinomuka mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri zvinogona kupararira ( metastasize ) kune ganda. Cancers inowanzobatanidzwa nehutachiona hweganda zvinosanganisira kenza yemazamu, kenza yemukironi, nemukenza wemapapu. Apo dzimwe kenza zvinopararira paganda hadzizivikanwi nekenza yemucheche, uye kana iwe wakatarisa masero pasi pe microscope, somuenzaniso, nemavhesi emasasa kuti asvike, masero ari paganda ane kenza yemazamu masero, kwete maitiro echephenekera masero. Vaizobatwa sekenza yemazamu, kwete kenza yeganda.
Mhando mbiri dzekenza yemazamu inogonawo kuonekwa paganda, uye mumatanho ekutanga angaita sechizema kana kenza yeganda. Kanzera yepamuviri yepamuviri inowanzotanga nehutsvuku uye kuputika pazamu. Chirwere chepaget chimiro chekenza yemazamu inotanga paganda remakumbo. Mutsara T cell lymphoma iboka rezvirwere (kusanganisira mycosis fungoides , Sezary syndrome, nezvimwe) izvo chaizvoizvo marudzi e-lymphoma. Masero ekenza ndiwo rudzi rwemachena masero eropa anozivikanwa seT lymphocytes, uye kwete masero eganda. Zvakatapudzwa T masero lymphomas anowanzotanga sezvakakomberedzwa, zvitsvuku zveganda zvinenge zvakanyanyisa. Nokufamba kwenguva, mapepa, uye ipapo zvirume zvinoratidza pachena zvinogona kuonekwa.
Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvekenza yemaperembudzi zvinosanganisira chero shanduko inoonekwa paganda uye inogona kusanganisira:
- Chirwere chisina kuporesa.
- A mole iri kuchinja.
- Scaly, crusty kuratidza zvipembenene.
- Mucheka mutsvuku, wakachena, kana kuti nyama, unoonekwa sedome-kufanana.
- Itching.
Nzira yekuziva kuti zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika zvechironda zvinotevera:
- A inomirira asymmetry: A mole kana kuti yakaoma iyo isymmetric.
- B inomirira miganhu. Iyo miganhu ye melanoma inogona kuva isina kufanira, isina kucheneswa, kana kusvibiswa.
- C inomirira ruvara. Melanomas kazhinji ine mavara akawanda kana hue.
- D inomirira mapaundi. A mole iyo yakawanda kudarika pencil eraser inowanzova melanoma.
- E inomira kana kukwirira kana kushanduka. Iyo mole inogona kukwidziridzwa (kazhinji isinganzwi) uye inowanzotanga (kuchinja) kwekufamba kwenguva.
Zvinokonzera uye Zviitiko Zvengozi
Hatizivi chaicho chinokonzera kenza yepachiona, kunyange takaziva mungozi dzakawanda. Zvimwe zvezvi zvinosanganisira:
- Sun exposure
- Kuva necheka reganda rudzi, kunyanya avo vane bvudzi tsvuku kana bvudzi, mavara matsvuku kana mabhuruu, uye avo vasingamboiti tan uye kupisa nyore nyore.
- Kuva nemhuri yekare yemukenza weganda.
- Kuva nenhoroondo yega yemukenza weganda.
- Kuva nechimwe chezvipembenene zvinonzi genetic syndromes, zvakadai sa xeroderma pigmentosum.
- Kuva nemarome akawanda (anopfuura 50) kana kuti ane atypical moles (nevi).
- Zvitsva kubva kune zvinopisa kana kuti zvirwere zvepachivi zvakapfuura.
- Kuva nechirwere chekudzivirirwa mumuviri.
- Mimwe mishonga yezvokurapa nemishonga, yakadai sedhirareji yeradio yekenza, uye ultraviolet chiedza che psoriasis.
- Kunyanya kumakemikari ari mubasa rakadai se tar uye vinyl chloride.
- Kubudisa arsenic mumvura yekunwa.
- Kusvuta (kunowedzera ngozi ye squamous cell carcinoma).
Kuziva
Kuongorora kenza yemuviri kunotanga nemunyori wenyatsocherechedza (kunyatsoteerera zviratidzo uye njodzi zvinhu) uye kuongorora mumuviri. Kubva pakuonekwa kwechirwere cheganda, chiremba anogona kukurudzira bhizinesi, sezvo dzimwe nguva zvingave zvakaoma kuziva kana kusakanganisika kuri kenza kana kuti kwete kubva pakuonekwa kwayo kuoneka. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvakanyanya kuoma kune vasiri vatsvene vemuvanhu.
Bhiopsy inogona kuitwa mune imwe yenzira dzakawanda. Yakazara (kana basal cell kana squamous cell carcinoma inofungidzirwa) inonzi shaopsy shave, nzira inosanganisira kuvhara ganda uye kuveura rutivi rwechigunhi. Chirongwa chechirwere chinogonawo kuitwa. An incisional biopsy inosanganisira kugadzira kuvhara uye kubvisa chikamu chechimwe chinhu chinofanira kuonekwa nechiremba. Kana chirwere chinonzi melanoma chichifungidzirwa, kusarudzwa kwechipopu kunowanzokurudzirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubvisa zvose zvisina kufanira uye nzvimbo yezvipfeko zvakapoteredza. Sezvo kubwinya kweganda kuwirirana kunokosha zvakanyanya pakugadzira melanoma, unyanzvi hwehupsy hunofanira kuitwa kuti kuchengetedza chironda chechirwere chekuongorora chirwere.
Kana kenza yepachirwere (melanoma uye dzimwe nguva squamous cell carcinoma) iri mberi, miedzo yakawedzerwa inowanikwa kuti igadzirise chirwere ichi uye kutsvaga kuvapo kwemasastases. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira nodefodhi node biopsy, CT scan, PET scan, kana zvimwe zviedzo zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekenza yeganda.
Mishonga
Mishonga yekenza yepachichera ichavimba nezvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sorudzi rwekenza, ukuru nekudzika, nezvimwe.
Kubvisa chiremara chacho ndicho chinonyanya kukosha. Kuvhiyiwa kunokosha kunonzi kuvhiyiwa kwaMos kunosanganisira kubvisa zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviviri uye kutarisa mazamu kune hupi uchapupu hwekenza, kuitira kuti chirwere chiduku chekuvhiya chibvise zvachose chiremera chaitwa. Ne melanomas, nzvimbo huru yezvivara zvakapoteredza yakabviswa.
Nokuda kwemamota akawanda akapfuura akapararira kune lymph nodes kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri, zvipatara zvakadai se immunotherapy, chemotherapy, zvinorapwa, uye remishonga inonzi radiation inogona kudiwa.
Kudzivirira uye Kutanga Kuongorora
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda izvo vanhu vanogona kuita kudzivirira kenza yeganda , kana kuti kuderedza dambudziko ravo. Kuchenjerera muzuva kunokosha, asi kunosanganisira zvinopfuura kungovhara bhenekeri, uye kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzokudzivirira (dzakadai senguvo, hove, uye kudzivirira mukati mezuva masikati) dzinofanira kuitwawo saizvozvo. Zvimwe zvekugadzirisa basa zvinogona kuwedzera ngozi, uye magirafu anokurudzirwa kana uchishanda nemakemikari akawanda nezvimwe zvinhu.
Hasi dzose dzekenza yeganda dzinogona kudzivirirwa, uye kuonekwa kwokutanga zvinova chinangwa. Kuzvidzivirira kweganda kunofanira kufungwa, kunyanya kune avo vane ngozi ipi neipi yechirwere ichi. Vamwe vanhu vane zviitiko zvakakonzera njodzi, kana kuti genetic syndromes inobatanidza nehuwandu hwehuwandu, vangada kufunga nguva dzose kushanyira nedermatologist yavo.
Shoko Rinobva
Zvinenge chikamu chetatu chevanhu chichava nemhando yekenza yepachirwere muupenyu hwavo hwose. Kuziva zviratidzo zvinonyevera zvechirwere, nekuziva zviitiko zvako zvinotyisa, zvinokosha pakutsvaga makondombera muzvikamu zvekutanga uye zvinoporesa zvechirwere. Kunyange zvazvo dermatologist ingakwanisa kuziva kana kusakanganisika ndiko kenza kana kwete, chirwere chinowanzodiwa kuti chiongorore chirwere chacho. Kana iwe uine rumwe ruvara rweganda runokubatsira iwe, usamirira, uye sarudza nguva yekuona chiremba wako wekuchiremba kana dermatologist nhasi.
> Sources:
> National Cancer Institute. Melanoma Treatment (PDQ) -Health Professional Version. Yakavandudzwa 03/22/18.
> National Cancer Institute. Kenza Kanzera Kurapwa (PDQ) -Health Professional Version. Updated 01/01/18.
> Weller, Richard PJB, Hamish JA Hunter, naMargaret W. Mann. Clinical Dermatology. Chichester (West Sussex): John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2015. Print.