Kusarudzwa kwehupano hwepachirwere cheganda kunoenderana nemhando, chikwata , chiyero uye nzvimbo yechipfuva, kana kuti kwete chekenza yakapararira (mastasized), uye hutano hwako hwose. Sarudzo dzekenza yepachira reganda zvinowanzobatanidza kuvhiyiwa, kurapwa kwemaawa , immunotherapy , uye / kana chemotherapy.
Dare rechiremba richashanda newe kuti uone urongwa hwakanakisisa hwekurapa kenza yeganda.
Dare racho rinogona kusanganisira nyanzvi dzakadai sekuvhiya oncologist , wezvokurapa oncologist, mazai eoncologist, dermatologist (chiremba anoona zvirwere zveganda) uye chiremba.
Surgery
Zvose nonmelanoma ( basal cell uye squamous cell ) uye maranoma ganda rekenza zvinogona kubudirira kurapwa munenge mamiriro ese ezvinhu kana vakaongororwa uye vanorapwa apo bundu racho risina kuonda. Kuvhiya kubvisa chiremera ndiko kurapwa kwakakwana asi zvimwe zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa zviripo. Mhando yemhando yekurapa ye nonmelanoma kana kuti melanoma ( kutanga kwekutanga kana kuti nguva yakaderera ) kanzira inobva pane kuti yakakura sei, iyo inowanikwa pamuviri uye nemhando chaiyo. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinowanzoitwa ndezvi:
- Kuchengetedza kwakadzika (kubviswa) kwechigunun'una uye nzvimbo yeganda rinowanzoonekwa rakakomberedza kumativi ose
- Curettage uye electrodesiccation (kupora uye cauterizing), iyo inoshanda kune zviduku zvebasal cell uye squamous sekenza
- Mohs surger y (chirwere chinoshandiswa microscopically), imwe nzira yakakosha yebasal uye squamous cell carcinoma iyo haina kukonzera kuparara kwakawanda seimwe nzira
Mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwechironda, chiremba wezvechiremba kana chiremba wezvokurapa anogonawo kukurudzira izvo zvinonzi "adjuvant" kurapwa zvichienderana neupi ruzivo rwakadzidzwa nezvechirwere panguva yekuvhiyiwa.
Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira immunotherapy, chemotherapy uye / kana remishonga inonzi radiation. Kana chironda chinopararira kune nhengo dziri kure (gadziriro IV) kana kudzoka (inodzoka mushure mekurapa), chirwere chinogona kuitwa zvakare kuti chibatsire kudzora chirwere.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy (inonziwo chinangwa kana kuti biologic therapy) inobatsira masimba emuviri kuti awane nekurwisa masero emukenza. Inoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nemuviri kana mu laboratori kuti zviwedzere, zvinangwa, kana kuti kudzorera muviri. Nokuda kwebasal uye squamous cell carcinoma, inokonzera cream imiquimod is "immune response modifier" iyo inowanzosarudzwa. Immunotherapy inoshandiswawo kurapa maranoma, kunyanya mukuderedza ngozi iyo maranoma ichadzoka. Mishonga mbiri inowanzoshandiswa ndiyo interferon alfa-2b uye interleukin-2. Immunotherapy inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nekuvhiyiwa uye / kana chemotherapy, kana sechikamu chekuongorora kliniki. Zvimwe zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zviri kuongororwa zvino, kusanganisira zvirwere zvekurapa.
Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvezvirapa izvi zvinosiyana. Zvinogona kusanganisira kuneta, fivha, chills, musoro wepamusoro, kuyeuka zvinetso, musimba aches uye kushungurudzwa kweganda. Pane dzimwe nguva, migumisiro inobva ku immunotherapy inogona kusanganisira kuchinja kweropa rega kana kukonzera kuwedzera kwemvura mumapapu.
Iwe unofanirwa kukurukura nezvekubatsira uye njodzi dzekusarudzwa kwega rega nechiremba wako.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy iko kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kuuraya masero emukenza. Sangano remakemikari rinowanikwa kuburikidza neropa, rinotarisa kenza masero mumuviri wose. Pamusoro pemaranoma, izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa kana kune ngozi yakawanda yokuti maranoma inogona kupararira kana kutarisa zvirwere zvakanyanya, kunyange zvazvo kurapa kwemalaanoma akapararira kunowanikwa. Kusanganiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekemotherapy ikozvino kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa.
Kazhinji chemotherapy yemishonga inoshandiswa pamakanoma inosanganisira dacarbazine (DTIC), carboplatin (Paraplatin), cisplatin (Platinol), melphalan (Alkeran) uye temozolamide (Temodar).
Mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa chirwere inoramba iri kuongororwa. Kutaura nachiremba wako kazhinji ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekudzidza nezvemishonga yawakarongerwa, chinangwa chavo uye zvingava nemigumisiro kana kusangana nemimwe mishonga. Mukuwedzera kune systemic chemotherapy, panewo maitiro anoisa mishonga pane imwe nzvimbo. Isolated chikwata chinokonzera (ILP) uye chikamu chinoputika muropa (ILI) mienzaniso yeyi nzira.
Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari inobva kune mumwe munhu uye chiitiko chinoshandiswa asi chinogona kusanganisira kuneta, njodzi yehutachiona, kushungurudza uye kusuruvara, kumwe kukanganisa kwehutano kunokonzera kuchinjwa mumushu uye kusuruvara kwemvere. Izvi zvinowanzovhiringidza kana chirwere chapera.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy iko kushandiswa kwe-high-energy X-rays kana zvimwe zvikamu zvekuuraya masero emukenza. Rudzi rwakajairika rwemishonga inonzi radiation inonzi "kunze-bhiza" rayation therapy, iyo inonzi radiation inobva kumushina kunze kwemuviri.
Radiation therapy for melanoma inogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakawanda. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa kusunungura zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa ne melanoma yakapararira, kunyanya kuuropi uye mapfupa. Inogonawo kushandiswa kana kenza yakapararira kune lymph nodes, inotevera lymph node dissection. Pakupedzisira, tsvakurudzo dziri kuitwa kuti uedze kubudirira kwekodhidhidiation, kusanganiswa kwemaawa ekurapa uye chemotherapy.
Kushandiswa kwemaawa kunogona kukonzera kupisa kweganda, kusuruvara, kuneta uye kuora mvere. Kana chirwere chemaawa chinoshandiswa chakakomberedza musoro uye mutsipa, migumisiro yechirwere, yakadai sekushandurwa kwakanaka uye muromo wakaoma, zvinogona kuitika. Izvi zvinowanzovhiringidza kana chirwere chapera. Kana lymph nodes pedyo neruoko kana gumbo zvakakanganiswa, munhu wacho angave ari pangozi yakakura yekugadzirisa mvura mumutsipa iwoyo, chinonzi side lymphedema.
Mhedziso
Kune mishonga yakawanda yekurapa kenza yeganda. Kune imwe inobata, zvisinei: Chirwere chinofanira kuonekwa kare kuti zvirwere zvive zvakanaka. Kana chironda chinosanganisa maranoma kune nhengo dziri kure, kupona kwechirwere kunodonha zvakanyanya. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kugara uchizviongorora kweganda nekudzivirira zvipingamupinyi zvinongogona kuponesa hupenyu hwako.
> Sources:
"Melanoma - Zvirongwa Zvokurapa Kwevarwere." National Comprehensive Cancer Network uye American Cancer Society.
"Zvaunoda Kuziva Nekenza Yeganda." National Cancer Institute. July 2002.
"Zvose Nekenza Yeganda - Melanoma." American Cancer Society. July 2008.