Iyo dermis ndeyechechi yechipiri uye yakareba kupfuura yezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvezvikamu zveganda , iri pakati pe epidermis uye subcutaneous tissues , inozivikanwawo se subcutis uye hypodermis.
Kunyange zvazvo taimboona ganda sechimiro chekudzivirirwa kubva kune zvinhu, isu tiri kudzidza kuti zvikamu zveganda zvakanyanyisa zvikuru uye zvine mabasa akawanda anokosha.
Kubva kune goosebumps uye kunotonhora pasi mu sauna kuregedza uropi hwako kuziva ruoko rwako kune chekupisa, ngationei zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti izvi zvakaitwa sei uye zvinodini.
Anatomy uye Urongwa
Dermis ine zvikamu zviviri: tsvina, yakakwirira yepamusoro inozivikanwa sepapillary dermis , uye yakareba, pasi yakadzika inozivikanwa seti reticular dermis . Uhu hwayo hunopesana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yeganda. Semuenzaniso, dermis pamakumbo emawere ndiwo 0.6 mamita masikati; kumashure, zvanza zvemaoko uye mapanga emakumbo anenge mamita mamita matatu.
Dermis ine mvura yakawanda yemuviri uye ine basa rinokosha mune zvose kutarisa kutonhorera uye kupa ropa kune epidermis. Zvivako zvakawanikwa mumvura zvinosanganisira:
- Kugadzikana kwemashuga - Kunyanya kugadzika uye elastin
- Ropa ropa remidziyo (iyo miduku midzi yeropa) nemimwe midziyo miduku
- Lymph vessels
- Sweat glands
- Zvirwere zvinosvibisa ( mazamu emuorivhi ) - Zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nokuda kwekubudiswa uye zvichiita kuti mitsetse yakachena yemazino, maitiro echeceous anoita basa rinokosha pakudzivirira muviri
- Nerve kuguma
- Bvudzi follicles - Muviri unosvika mamiriyoni maviri emvere dzembudzi
Tissue Composition
Iyo dermis inoumbwa nemhando mitatu yemasukisi ayo aripo mumvura yose, kwete mumatanda:
- Collagen
- Elastic tissue
- Reticular fibers
Ipapillary layer, yepamusoro-soro yedermis, ine sangano shoma re collagen fibers.
Iyo yakaderera, yakasarudzwa yakanyanyisa yakawanda uye inogadzirwa nehutu hwakawanda hwegogoni dzakarongedzwa zvakafanana nepamusoro peganda.
Basa Rinotamba
Iyo dermis ndiyo yakanyanyisa danda reganda uye pasina mubvunzo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Inotamba mitambo yakakosha, kusanganisira:
- Kubudisa kutuka uye kutarisa kushambidza kwemuviri. Pakati pemvura inosuruvara inobhururuka inobereka jira rinobuda mumapurasi. Muviri unoputira senzira yekuzvichenesa pachedu, chengetedza kutaridzika uye kubudisa kunze kwehupfu. Kune zvipembenene zvinopfuura mamiriyoni maviri ezviputi muviri, uye kune marudzi maviri akasiyana: apocrine uye eccrine. Zvinyorwa zvekuputika zvinowanikwa muzvikamu zvinotyisa zvemuviri, kusanganisira armpits, scalp uye genital region. I sweat glands, iyo inoshingaira munguva yekuyaruka, inogadzirisa zvinhu zvadzo mumapuranga echiso. Iyo jira iro rakavanzika rinonyangadza pakutanga; inongotanga kunhuwa kana inosangana neabhakitiriya eganda. Mhedziso inosuruvara gland inowanikwa mumuviri wose: pamichindwe, zviso zvemakumbo, zviputi uye nehuma. Izvozvi zvinokonzera zvinhu zvavo zvakananga pamusoro peganda.
- Kubudisa mafuta. Izvo zvipembenene zvinopisa zvinokonzera sebum kana mafuta. Sebum inodzivirira bhakitiriya kukura paganda uye mamiriro ehudzi uye ganda. Kana iyo follicle inoshandiswa nemasanganiswa egaveous inowanikwa yakavharwa nemafuta akawandisa kana kuti masero echepa akafa, pimple inokura.
- Kukura bvudzi. Misoro yevhudzi inowanikwa mumvura. Mhando yose yeuporosi yakabatanidzwa nemisimba miviri, inozivikanwa seArrector yechipiri musumbu, iyo inobvumirana apo muviri unova kutonhora kana kutya, zvichikonzera goosebumps.
- Kunzwa. Iyo dermis izere nekuguma kwehutano iyo inotumira zviratidzo kuuropi pamusoro pekuti zvinhu zvinonzwa sei: kana chimwe chinhu chichikuvadza, chinoita, kana chinonzwa chakanaka.
- Kugovera ropa. Mishonga yeropa inowanikwa mumvura, iyo inopa ganda, rinobvisa chepfu. uye kugovera epidermis neropa.
- Kudzivirira muviri wose. Dermis ine phagocytes , iyo iri masero anodya zvinokonzera zvinokuvadza uye zvinosvibisa, kusanganisira mabhakitiriya. Dermis ikozvino inodzivirira mutumbi, asi phagocytes inopa imwe yero yakadzivirirwa kubva pane chero chinhu chinokuvadza chakapinda mu epidermis.
- Kupa chigadzirwa cheganda kuitira kuti chigadzirire chimiro chayo - Dermal layer ndiyo inokonzera turgor yeganda, achiita nenzira yakafanana sekuita nheyo dzechivakwa.
Kuwirirana Ne Epidermis
Kusiyana nemafungiro ekare akaona zvikamu zveganda sechinhu chinongova chigadziro kune kunze kwenyika, kwete chete kuti chironda chinoshandisa zvinetso zvakakomba, asi dermis uye epidermis zviri kusangana nguva dzose uye kutaurirana kunoronga nzira dzinokosha dzomuviri.
Maseji ari mu epidermis anokonzera dermis, uyewo, (kuburikidza nemabasa akaita semasiti masero anonzi secrete cytokines) anokonzera kuwanikwa kwemasero mune epidermis. Iko kushamwaridzana kwezvikamu zviviri izvi, izvo chaizvoizvo, zvakanyanya kuvhiringidzwa mune mamwe mamiriro akadai sa psoriasis .
Kukwegura
Pakufunga nezvehutano uye basa reganda iwe ungangodaro unofunga kuti chinokonzerai kuti ganda rive-chii chinokonzera kukakavara. Pane zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha mucheche redu nekukwegura muzvikamu zvitatu zveganda redu patinenge takura.
Dermal layer inowedzera kuva yakasviba nezera uye zvishoma collagen inobudiswa. Elastin inopera-isingasviki zvakasununguka sezvinongoita yeistband yakasununguka muhombodo shomanti inogona kurasikirwa nekusimba kwayo. Izvi ndizvo zvinotungamirira kukakavara uye kuputika.
Izvo zvipembenene zvinoputika zvinokonzera sebum shoma apo majira e swe sweat anowedzera kusuruvara, zvose zvinopa kucheka kweganda unhu hwezera.
Nzvimbo yepamusoro kana huwandu hwekubatana pakati pemvura uye epidermis inoderedzawo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ropa shomanana rive riwanike kuwanikwa kubva mudumbu kusvika kune epidermis uye michina shomanana inoita kuti iri kunze kweganda. Izvi zvakaputika kubva munzvimbo inobatanidza inoitawo kuti ganda rive rakaoma.
Tumor
Kungofanana nekukura kusina kukwana mukati me epidermis kunokonzera kune-yose-inowanzogariswa nekenza yeganda, zvipuka zvinogona kubuda kubva kumvura yakasara yeganda pamwe chete. Imwe mhando yemakumbo inotanga mumvura inonzi dermatofibroma (kana kuti benign fibrous histiocytoma.) Izvi zvipembenene zvakajairika zvinowanzoitika pamakumbo evakadzi vane makore ari pakati. Hazvizivikanwe kuti chii chinokonzera maronda aya, asi anowanzoitika achiita mamwe maitiro ekutambudzika.
Kudzivirirwa
Sezvakakosha kuchengetedza epidermis yako kubva zuva rakawanda, zvakakosha kuchengetedza dermis yako zvakare. Kusuruvara kwezuva kunokanganisa collagen (uye kunokonzera kuchinja mu elastin) iyo inogona kuguma nekupenya kusati kwasvika.
Sources:
Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, naJames A. Perkins. Robbins uye Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders, 2015. Print.