Iyo Anatomy uye Kushanda kweGanda reAutermost Layer
Iyo epidermis ndiyo yakanyanyisa kurega kweganda. Uwandu hwepidermis husiyana zvichienderana nokuti pane pamuviri uripi. Icho chiri chetinnest chayo pane maziso, kuenzanisa hafu yemamita mamiriyoni, uye paupamhi hwayo pane zvichindwe uye zvigadziko pa 1.5 millimita.
The Anatomy of Skin
Utachiona hweganda hunoumbwa nematatu matatu: epidermis, dermis, uye subcutaneous tissue.
Izvi zvikwereti zvinenge zvakagadzirwa kuti zvipfeke gland, mazamu emafuta, mvere dzemvere , ropa mumudziyo, uye mamwe maseru emuviri anokosha.
Mabasa eEpidermis
Iyo epidermis inoshanda sechipingamupinyi chinochengetedza muviri kubva pamiti inonzi ultraviolet (UV), makemikari anokuvadza, uye zvirwere zvakadai sebhakitiriya, mavairasi, uye fungi.
Nhoroondo yekare, yaifungidzirwa kuti basa repidermis raiva rekutonga kushandura uye kuchengetedza muviri kubva mukukuvara kwemagetsi. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, tava kunzwisisa kuti ihwo hutano hwakaoma hunoita basa rinokosha mukushandiswa kwemasimba ezvirwere zvezvirwere uye kutaridzivirira.
Mukati epidermis mune zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira (kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro):
- Stratum basale, inozivikanwawo sebasal cell layer, ndiyo iri mukati-kati ye epidermis. Ichi chando chine masevhesi akafanana akafanana nemakamuri ayo ari kuramba achiparadzanisa uye achisimudzirwa kumusoro. Icho chinonzi basale chinoshandiswawo kumaranocytes anogadzira melanin (iyo pigment inokonzera ruvara rweganda). Paunenge wakazarura chiedza chezuva, maranocytes inowedzera maranin akawanda kuti zvidzivirire zvakanyanya ganda kubva kuUV. Kuipa kwekuita kwemasero aya kunogona kutungamirira ku melanoma , rudzi rwakanyanya kufa kune kenza yeganda.
- Stratum spinosum inonziwo inonzi squamous cell layer, ndiyo yakatsetseka yakawanda yepidermis iri kumusoro kwechemberi. Izvi zvinoumbwa nemasereal basal akakurira mumasero e squamous, anonzi keratinocytes. Keratinocytes inokonzera kubereka keratin, puroteni inodzivirira inoita ganda, misumari, uye vhudzi. Iyo inoputika inogarawo musha weLangerhans masero anonamatira kune dzimwe nyika sezvaanopinda mucheche. Icho chinotarisirwawo kugadzira ma cytokines , rudzi rweprotini inobatsira kudzora maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri.
- Stratum granulosum yakaumbwa nekeratinocytes yakasimuka ichibva kune tsvina. Sezvo aya masero ari kuswedera pedyo neganda, anotanga kuvhara uye kubatana pamwechete, pakupedzisira kuoma nekufa kunze.
- Stratum corneum ndiyo yakaderera yepidermis. Inosanganisira 10 kusvika ku 30 mapoka efa keratinocytes anoramba achidururwa. Kudzingwa kwemasero aya kunonoka zvikuru nezera. Yese yakakwana sero repayari, kubva kubasal cell kuenda kune stratum corneum, inotora mavhiki masere kusvika matanhatu kune vechidiki uye anenge mwedzi nehafu yevakuru vakwegura.
- Stratum lucidum inongovapo pazvanza zvemaoko nemaoko emakumbo. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvina panzvimbo yeiyo inenge ina.
Mamiriro Ekubatanidza Epidermis
Iyo epidermis inogona kukanganiswa nezvakawanda kupfuura kungokuvara. Izvi zvakasara zvinowanikwa pasi rose nejena uye masimba anobva kunze anokonzera kukwegura kweganda iri. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusvuta, doro, uye kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwe UV, izvo zvose zvinobatsira pakugadzirwa kwemakwenzi, sunspots, uye kusina kukwana kana kuonda kweganda.
Iyo epidermis inosanganisirawo nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa uye blister dzinowanikwa, dzinokonzerwa nezvose kubva kuhutachiona uye kurwara kune zvirwere uye chepfu.
Izvowo zvinobva kune zvose zvisina maranoma uye melanoma ganda rekenza, uye apo dzimwe zvirwere zvakadai sechirwere cheshuga neye lupus zvinogona kuratidza nehutano hwezviratidzo zvechirwere.
Kupindira kwe epidermis kunogona kukonzera zvirwere izvo izvo muviri unogona kutadzivisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvipembenene kana zvipembenene zvemhuka, uyewo zvirwere izvo zvinopinda mumuviri kuburikidza nemaronda akazaruka, kucheka, kubrasi, kana kukuvadzwa kwekushaiwa.
> Source
- > Tan, S ;; Roediger, B ;; uye Weninger, W. "Basa reKemokines muCcutaneous Immunosurveillance." Immunology uye Cell Biology . 2015; 93 (4): 337-46.