Misha yeU.S. Iine Yekumusoro-soro uye Inotapukira Kubhadhara Kwere
Zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweHIV zvinongova zviito izvo zvinopa munhu pangozi yakakura kana kuduku yekuwana (kana kupfuurira) HIV . Isu tinowanzoti izvi zvinoreva chimwe chezvinhu zvina:
- Unhu hwemunhu
- Kuita zvepabonde
- Kuita zvepabonde (semuenzaniso, zvepabonde zvakagamuchirwa, zvepabonde )
- Zvimwe zviito zvinogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza mikana yehutachiona (semuenzaniso, makondomu , kuvhara kushandisa zvinodhaka , antiretroviral therapy )
Zvinokonzerwa nehutachiwana hweHIV hazvifananidzi kutaurira kana munhu achinge atapukirwa; asi ivo vanoedza kuratidza kusangana kwehutachiona hweHIV kuitira kuti iye atore matanho ekuderedza ngozi. Uye kunyange kana zvimwe zvinhu zvisingashanduki-sechikwata kana kuti zvepabonde-vanogona kutibatsira kuti tive nokutonga kwakananga zvichienderana nehutachiona hwehutachiwana huri mukati mehuwandu hwevanhu kana boka.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvatisingawanzokurukurirana, kunyanya pamunhu mumwechete, nderokuti iwe unogara kupi unobatsira zvakananga panjodzi yako yeHIV, zvose zvakananga uye zvakasiyana.
VHIV Inonyanya kugadziriswa neUrban Disease
HIV inoramba iripo, uye yakawanda, ine chirwere cheguta. Iko inowanzotarisa mumaguta ane vanhu vakawanda vanopfuura 500 000 uye zvikuru mumharaunda iyo inonetseka kwete chete kune HIV asi kune dzimwe zvirwere zvinotarisana.
Kunyange zvazvo hutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kusiyana kubva munzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo, zvirwere zvinowanzotarisana nehurombo, kusava nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiona.
MuU.S., huwandu hwehutachiwana hutachiwana hweHIV huri kumaodzanyemba, uko 18.5 yevanhu 100 000 vane utachiona. Izvi zvinoteverwa pedyo neNegevast (14.2) uye neWest (11.2).
Kunyanya kunetseka, iyo mapfumbamwe inotaura kuti ine South inofanirwawo ne40 muzana yehutachiona hutsva pasinei nekumirira 28 muzana chete yevanhu veUnited States.
Maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mataundi makuru evanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV (kureva, nhamba ye HIV itsva)
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
- New Orleans, Louisiana
- Jackson, Mississippi
- Orlando, Florida
- Memphis, Tennessee
- Atlanta, Georgia
- Columbus, South Carolina
- Jacksonville, Florida
- Baltimore, Maryland
- Houston, Texas
- San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida
- New York City-Newark-Jersey City, New York-New Jersey
- Little Rock, Arkansas
- Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-Maryland-West Virginia
- Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
- Charleston, South Carolina
- Las Vegas, Nevada
- Los Angeles, California
Mufananidzo wacho unochinja zvishoma paunotarisa kupararira kweHIV mumaguta eSU. Kusiyana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu, chiyero ichi chinotitaurira kuti vangani vanhu kunze kwe100 000 vane utachiona mukati meimwe nzvimbo yeguta rekudunhu.
Maguta eUnited States ane huwandu hwehuwandu hweHIV huwandu (nhamba yemhosva kune 100 000 vagari vese) ndeyi:
- Miami (1046)
- San Francisco (1,032)
- Fort Lauderdale (925.8)
- Philadelphia (881.9)
- New York City (859.7)
- Baltimore (678.5)
- New Orleans (673.3)
- Washington, DC (622.8)
- Newark (605.7)
- Jackson, Mississippi (589.7)
- San Juan, Puerto Rico (583.2)
- West Palm Beach (579.4)
- Baton Rouge (560)
- Memphis (543.5)
- Columbus, South Carolina (509.1)
- Atlanta (506.6)
- Los Angeles (465.2)
- Orlando (460.7)
- Jacksonville (451.4)
- Detroit (410.7)
Kugadziriswa kweGuta Kunogona Kuwedzera, Kuderedza Mari dzeHIV
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kupararira kweHIV hakurevi kushandura kune nhamba yakakwirira yezvirwere zvitsva. Kunyange mumaguta ane zvimwe zvekuwedzera kwehutachiona hweHIV, kubudirira kwehutano hwehutano hwevanhu kunogona kuderedza dambudziko rekuendesa mberi.
Tora San Francisco, somuenzaniso, guta rakapindura chirwere ichi nokuva wokutanga kudana kuongorora nekurapa muna 2010.
Pasinei nokuti ine chikamu chechipiri chakanyanya kupararira kweHIV muU.S., kupindura kwechisimba kweguta kwakaguma nekuderera kukuru kwezvirwere zvitsva, kurova nguva yose yemazuva 302 matsva matsva muna 2015. Inofungidzirwa kuti kushandiswa kwakapararira kweHIV PrEP (pre -exposure prophylaxis) inogona kuderedza mutengo kunyange kupfuura.
Kusiyana neizvi, kushayikwa kweshoko rakabatana kunogona kukonzera kuputika kunyange mune zviduku, zvisiri mumaguta. Takaona izvi muna 2015 muguta reAustin, Indiana (vanhu vanosvika 4,295), apo mazana makumi masere ehutachiwana hweHIV akaudzwa pakati pevashandi vezvinodhaka vanoshandisa mishonga panguva yekutora mishonga yemidzimu. Kuputika kwacho kwakanzi kune chikamu chikuru kurambidzwa kwehurumende pakushandura kwenheyo (NEPs) yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira zvirwere zvakadaro.
Hazvishamisi kuti iyo inotaura nezveimwe yepamusoro yeHIV inosanganisirawo iyo inorambidzwa neNEPs (kusanganisira Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas), uye izvi pasinei nehupfumi hweuchapupu hwezvesayenzi hunoratidza huwandu hweEPs mukudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapurirwa neropa kutumira.
Saizvozvowo, iyo inoti haina kutora Medicaid kuwedzerwa, yakagadzirirwa kupa hutano hukuru hwekusvika kune vagari vepfuma yakaderera, ndevaya vane HIV inotengesa (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas).
Maererano neCenters for Budget uye Policy Priorities, kugamuchirwa kweMedicaid kuwedzera kunopa vanhu vanorarama nehutachiwana hukuru hwekuwana kwete kurapwa chete asi kusinganzwisisiki, kutarisira kwehutano kwenguva refu.
Muhurumende yeMassachusetts, nenzira yekuenzanisira, kuchinja kwehutano hwakakwana kwakapararira kutarisirwa kweHIV nehutano kusvika 91 muzana yevagari vanogara neHIV, kuderedza kushandiswa kwezvipatara uye nezvehutano hwehutano hweHIV zvinodhura madhora 1,5 biliyoni.
Kusiyana neizvi, hurumende yeAlabama yaifanira kutora 25 muzana yeAADAP (AIDS Drug Assistance Program) yebhadharo kubva kune mari yehurumende muna 2011-zhinji iyo inogona kuendesa kune dzimwe zvirongwa zvehutano zvehupfumi kubvira 81 kubva muzana yeaAdap vaiva Medicaid vakakodzera.
Zvose zvinotaurirwa, zvinopfuura hafu yevanhu vasina kuvimbiswa nevashoma vanorarama neHIV vanogara mune dzimwe nyika dzakaramba Medicaid kuwedzera. Vazhinji vanobvumirana kuti kupikisa kunoramba kuchiwedzera kunoisa avo vanonyanya kudiwa-pakati pavo, veAfrica -America uye vanoita zvepabonde nevarume vanoita zvepabonde-pane ngozi yakawanda yehutachiona, kurwara, nekufa.
Maguta Ari neAkawandisa Kupedza HIV
Maererano neCDC, kupararira kweHIV mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisiri mumaguta eU.S. kunotanga kusvika 112.1 mamiriyoni e100 000. Pakati pemaguta 107 akabatanidzwa mubhuku rawo ra2015, zvikamu zvitanhatu bedzi zvakawira pasi pechikumbaridzo ichi:
- Boise, Idaho (71.7)
- Rapid City, Michigan (100.1)
- Fayetteville, Arkansas (108.8); Madison,
- Wisconsin (110)
- Ogden, Utah (48.6)
- Provo, Utah (26.9)
Kusiyana neizvi, maguta gumi eUnited States ane huwandu hwehutachiwana hweHIV huri:
- Provo, Utah
- Spokane, Washington
- Ogden, Utah
- Boise, Idaho
- Modesto, California
- Worcester, Massachusetts
- Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
- Madison, Wisconsin
- Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
- Knoxville, Tennessee
> Sources:
> American Medical Association. "Nyaya Dzakashandura Nyore" Mamiriro Ezvematongerwo enyika eSouth America. " JAMA. March 2016; 18 (3): 252-257.
> Nzvimbo dzeBhijititi uye Nheyo Dzakakosha. "Medicaid Ichavandudza Migumisiro, Iko Kunodhura Kwevanhu vane HIV." Washington, DC; rakabudiswa paIndaneti 11 Gunyana 2012.
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015) HIV Monitoring Report, 2014 (Bhuku 16). Atlanta, Georgia: CDC.
> Snider, J .; Juday, T .; Romley, J .; et al. "Inenge 60 000 Vasingavimbiswi Uye Vashoma-Vanowana Vanhu vane HIV / AIDS Vanorarama Munyika Dzisina Kuwedzera Kufungidzirwa." Health Health. March 2014; 33 (3): 386-393.