Injecting users users (IDUs) vave nenguva yakaonekwa seboka pahuwandu hwekuwana HIV . Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEastern Europe neCentral Asia apo injection inodhaka inoramba iine nzira huru yekufambisa, kuverenga kwevanenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana yeHIV.
Kakawanda, tinowanzobatanidza kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka nezvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera zvakadai se heroin kana kusangana kwe heroin uye cocaine ("speedballing").
Uye apo izvi zvinoramba zvichive mishonga inowanzojaiwa inoshandiswa neVIDUs vane utachiona hweHIV, pane nyaya yekushandura muitiro wemashandisi ekushandisa zvinodhaka mumakore achangopfuura.
Maererano neshumo ra2013 rinonzi Public Health England (PHE), kushandiswa kwemishonga inopindwa mujinga, mufananidzo uye kushandiswa kwekushanda (IPEDs) kufanana nevanabolic steroid uye kukura kwevanhu hormone (HGH) iri kuwedzera, uye ine ngozi yeHIV inokwana iyo yevashin heroin vanogovana nesero.
Ichokwadi, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dze UK, vashandi ve IPED vanomiririra boka rimwe chete, boka guru revanhu vanowana zvirongwa zvekutsinhanisa nenyuchi, uye anenge anenge gumi pavanenge vaine hutachiona hweHIV , hepatitis B (HBV) , kana hepatitis C (HCV) . Mushumo wakatsanangurawo kuwedzera kunotyisa, katatu kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwejojeri amphetamines (kusanganisira crystal methamphetamine uye mephedrone) pakati pevashandisi ve IPED.
Nguva yepakati pekudzidza cohort yaiva makore makumi maviri nemana, uye 36% vakataura kuti vakatora anabolic steroid kwemakore mashanu kana kupfuura.
Pasi pose, vanenge 18% vakataura kana kugovana nheyo kana sironi, kugovera chirwere chemishonga, kana zvose pakutora IPED.
HIV neAnabolic Steroid Shandisa
Kunyange zvazvo tinowanzobatanidza vanabolic steroid ne bodybuilders nevatambi vechikoro, vanogona kushandiswa kurapa huwandu hwehutano hwehutachiona hweHIV. Anabolic steroid treatment dzimwe nguva inoratidzirwa kune vanhu vakambonzwa kuparara kwakanyanya semugumisiro weHIV kana kuti kurasikirwa kwematumbo kwakanyanya nemhaka ye lipodystrophy (iyo dzimwe nguva isingatarisirwi kugadziriswa kwemafuta emuviri).
Testosterone replacement therapy inoshandiswawo mune varume nevakadzi vane HIV-vakange vanyatsopera simba re testosterone ( hypogonadism ).
Kunyange zvazvo shanduro dzisina kuvhara dzemishonga iyi dziripo-kusanganisira mishonga yemuromo, kutenderera kwechirwere, uye mishonga inopisa-injini inowanzotaurwa mumamiriro ekurapa kwechiremba.
Icho chiri kunze kwechirevo ichi, munharaunda yemufananidzo nekusimudzira kushanda, kuti njodzi yeHIV inoonekwa ichiwedzera. Iko nhasi ichitaura kuti mukati meEngland neWales, iyo nzvimbo iyo PHE yekudzidza yakanga yakatarira, kubva kune 37,000 kusvika 82,000 vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuti vakashandisa anabolic steroid mukati megore.
Anabolic Steroids uye Amphetamine
Pakati pevashandisi ve IPED mukudzidza, kushandiswa kwakashandiswa kwejekiseni amphetamine kwakaonekwa kunge yakanyanya kukwirira pakati pevarume vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) . Maererano nekudzidza, mumwe wevadzidzi vatatu vakataura kuti injecting a psychoactive drug, iyo 25% yakagovana nesingano kana sirinji.
Ive yakagara yakasimbiswa kuti kushandiswa kwejekiseni amphetamine (chiitiko chinonzi "slamming") chinogona kuwedzera mukana wekutapurirwa kweHIV-uye kwete chete kana mashizha akagoverwa. Kuita zvepabonde kune njodzi kunozivikanwa kuti kuwedzere pasi pesimba rekristal methamphetamine nemishonga yakafanana yekirasi.
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingakonzera humwe hutachiona hweHIV hunoonekwa pakati pevadzidzi vanoongorora, huwandu hwe5% chete hunoti injecting psychoactive zvinodhaka uye 9% chete ava vanogovana nenyuchi. Nokudaro, apo kushandiswa kwemaamphetamine kunogona kuwedzera ngozi yekuendesa kune mumwe munhu, hazvirevi kuti kuwedzera kwehutachiona hweHIV / HBV / HCV kunoonekwa pakati pevashandi ve IPED.
Nzira Yokuderedza Dambudziko Rokutengesa
Chimwe chezviito zvakakosha pakugadzirisa njodzi yeHIV muvashandi ve IPED ndeyokutanga kubvuma kuti kushandiswa kwejectjected anabolic steroids, HGH, testosterone, kana chorionic gonadotropin yevanhu inokonzera ngozi kune chero imwe mimwe mishonga inoshandiswa.
Nokudaro, mitemo imwe chete inoshandiswa pakudzivirira maitiro ekuisa njodzi, iyo:
- Usapindira tsanga kana sironi, uye usarega kugovera IPED vial pakati pevatengi vakawanda.
- Tsvaga purogiramu yekuchinjana kwetsano kuve nechokwadi kuti une nyuchi dzakawanda kana sironi.
- Kana iwe ukazviwana uri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo nheyo dzakagoverwa kana kuti dzinoshandiswa zvakare, tora matanho akakodzera kuti uone kuti dzakaparadzaniswa mukati mekushandisa.
- Dzivisa kushandisa IPED apo uri pasi pesimba rewaini, zvinodhaka kana chero chinhu chinogona kuchinja kutonga kwako. Tsvaga kurapwa kwakakodzera kana paine doro kana kushandisa zvinodhaka.
- Kana iwe wakagovana masero uye uchitya iwe ungangodaro wakananga neHIV, enda kuchipatara chako chaipo kana kuti mukamuri rekukurumidzira musinganono kuwana post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP ), inozivikanwa kuderedza mukana wekutapukirwa kweHIV.
Uye pakupedzisira, yeuka kuti HIV haisi iyo yega yekunetseka yakabatana nePED yekushandisa. Kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwevanabolic steroids uye testosterone kunogona kukonzera zvinetso zvakakomba zveropa, kusanganisira cirrhosis nekenza. Acne, mhanje yemurume, testicular shrinkage, kusagadzikana kwepabonde, kuwedzera kweprostate, kuwedzera kwezamu, uye "kutsamwa kwehasha" (zvakanyanya kukanganisa uye kuzvidya mwoyo) zvinowanzozivikanwa.
Kunobva:
United Nations Joint Program pamusoro peHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Chokwadi peji 06 | Eastern Europe neCentral Asia." Geneva, Switzerland; 2006.
Tariro, V .; McVeigh, J .; Marongui, A .; et al. "Kuwandisa kwe, uye mungozi yehutachiwana hweHIV, hepatitis B uye C zvirwere pakati pevarume vanoisa mufananidzo uye kushandiswa kwekushandisa madhiragi: chidzidzo chepakati-chikamu." British Journal of Medicine. Svondo 12, 2013; 3 (9): e003027.
Home Office. "Nhungamiro yevashandisi yekushandisa zvinodhaka: Tsvaga kubva kuCriminal Survey yeEngland neWales." London, England; July 25, 2013.
Grinspoon, S. "Kushandiswa kweAndrogen mune varume vane HIV nevanotapukira." Physicians Research Network Notebook. March 2005.