Apo zvivako zvinoita kuti vanhu vararame
Izwi rokuti "sick building syndrome" rinonyadzisa. Mushure mezvose, haisi chivako chinorwara, asi pane vagari varo vanonzwa vanorwara nekuda kwesimba .
Nekuremekedza SBS, kune mibvunzo yakawanda kupfuura mhinduro. Zvakaoma kwazvo kuedza SBS mukuedzwa. Chokutanga, zvinoitika zveSBS zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kumunhu kusvika kune mumwe munhu uye vanozviisa pasi.
Chechipiri, zvakaoma kuvhara chikonzero cheSBS-dampness, kusvibiswa kwemakemikari, uye kutadza kukwira mhepo yakasvibiswa zvose zvakabatanidzwa. Chechitatu, hapana kubvumirana-munzira ye "kuongorora" chivako. Chechina, zvivako ivo pachavo, nemasikirwo, nzvimbo dzisingadzorwi dzakaoma uye dzinodhura kuedza munhamba zhinji.
Zviratidzo
Mucosal yakasiyana-siyana, ganda, uye zvirwere zvekuporesa zvakataurwa ne SBS, kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- Ichishy nemvura maziso
- Dzihwa
- Dry uye chinopisa ganda
- Stuffy pua
- Chirwere cheSinasi
- Chizutu
- Musoro (kusasviba, kusinga-gumbo, kusagadzikana, "kukumanikidza" mumusoro)
- Nausea
- Kuneta
- Zvinetso nematambudziko
- Kukosora
Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanikwa apo munhu ari muchivako chinogumbura, uye pavanenge vachienda, zvizhinji zvezviratidzo izvi zvinofanira kuregera, kungotangazve zvakare kana munhu achidzokera kuchivako. Zvivakwa zvinokurudzira SBS zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzinoshanda, zvikoro, zvipatara, dzimba dzekuchengetedza, uye dzimba.
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vaviri vakazarurirwa kune chimwe chivako vanogona kuona zviratidzo zvakasiyana, kuongororwa kwakaratidza maitiro emararamiro pakati pevatendi vanomiririra nyika dzakasiyana-siyana.
Zvinonzwisisika, dzimba sechikonzero chikuru cheSBS dzakadzidzwa muSweden. Kunyanya, vatsvakurudzi veSweden vakataura nezvekuvhiringidza kwemvura uye kuputika semhepo. Uyezve, zvidzidzo zveSweden zvakaratidzawo kusungirirwa kwekumba semukana unobatsira kurwara chirwere chirwere.
Hezvino zvinhu zvinobatanidzwa neSBS:
- Utsi hwebhegi
- Guruva guru
- Office guruva
- Kubudisa kune kombiyuta zvidzidzo
- Air-conditioning
- Low fresh-air air venture in air-conditioned buildings
- Kudzora kuduku kwechiedza uye kutonhora
- Mamiriro akadziya (makuru kudarika 73 degrees Fahrenheit)
- Varombo basa rekuchengetedza kwekuvaka
- Mvura inokuvara
- Kuisa
- Mamiriro asina kuchena
Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti vakadzi, vanosvuta, nevaya vane zvirwere (ie, atopy) vanowanzoona SBS. Vanhu vane nzvimbo dzakanyanyisa muhutungamiri hwebasa rehofisi vanewo mikana yekuwana SBS. Nenzira, vanhu vane nzvimbo dzakanyanyisa muhofisi vanowanzopedza nguva yakawanda vagere pamberi pekombiyuta.
Vanhu vanonyunyuta nezveSBS vanowanzoshanda mumahofisi ayo anowirirana maitiro ezvino ekugadzirwa, kutonhora, kuputika, uye chiedza. Pamusoro pezvikamu zvakawanda, zvivako zvemazuva ano zvinokonzerwa nekupisa kwekushisa zvakaratidzwa kuva nevagari vashomanana vanonyunyutira SBS.
The Occupational Health and Safety Organisations (OSHA) inobata chirwere chechirwere chechirwere sezvinokonzerwa nehutera hwemhepo.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inotsanangura SBS seyiyi:
Izwi rokuti "sick building syndrome" (SBS) rinoshandiswa kurondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu umo vagari vemuzvivakwa vanoona utano hwakanaka uye nyaradzo zvinowanzoonekwa sechibatanidzwa nenguva inoshandiswa muchivako, asi hapana chirwere chaicho kana chikonzero chinogona kuonekwa. Zvinonyunyuta zvinogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo imwe kana nzvimbo, kana kuti zvingazopararira mukati mekuvaka.
Muna 1984, WHO yakaratidza kuti pasi rose kusvika 30 muzana yezvivako zvezvivako zvitsva uye zvigadziriswa zvingave zvisina hutano hwemukati hwemhepo hunopa SBS. Zvinetso nehumukati hwemukati hwemhepo zvinogona kuva zvenguva pfupi kana kwenguva refu. Varombo vari mukati mehutano hwemhepo vanogona kuva chechipiri kune zvakashata kuvaka chivakwa kana mabasa evanhu vanogara. Uyezve, kana chivakwa chinoshandiswa nenzira inopesana nekugadzirwa kwepakutanga-somuenzaniso, chikwata chekutengesa chinoshandiswa pakugadzira-zvino nyaya nehumukati hwemhepo inogona kubuda.
Humidity
Kunyadzisa kwave kuri kuongororwa semutungamiri mukuru weSBS. Mumamiriro okunze anopisa, mhepo yakanyanyisa mumvura yakabatanidzwa kune SBS.
Uyezve, kushandiswa kwevanhu vanoita humidifiers mumamiriro okunze anodziya, anonyorove akabatanidzwawo kune SBS. MuScandinavia, uko kunhuhwa kunogona kuvhara pasi pe10 muzana mumwedzi yechando, kune humwe humwe uchapupu hwokuti kushandisa humidifier kungabatanidzwa nekuderedza kupararira kweSBS. Nokudaro, zvinoratidzika kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura, vagari vanogara vanongonyunyuta zvishoma nezveSBS.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti mafungiro emhepo anoputira ane humidifiers anogona kushanda sezvidzivirira zvekukura kwemakemikari. Kusiyana neizvi, matanda ari mu dehumidifiers, anokwevera mvura kubva mumhepo, akave akabatanidzwa mumakiromita ekukura. Uyezve, soro air air conditioning units inowanzove iri padenga pamusoro pehofisi nzvimbo iyo kuchengetedza kwakaoma-kuwedzera kuisa pangozi yeSBS yechipiri kune kukura kwehutachiona.
Zvisinei, pfungwa yokuti mabhakitiriya kana fungi inogona kupa SBS zvinokakavara. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti mold inogona kukonzera utachiona hwehutachiona bedzi kune vanhu vane maitiro ekudzivirira zvirwere zvemuviri. Mune vanhu vane utano husina kunaka, mold ingadai isina kukonzera chirwere.
Muchikamu che 2017 chakanzi "Mold and Human Health: a Reality Check," Vanotsvaga uye vanyori vanyori vanonyora kuti "hapana huchapupu hwezvesayenzi hwokuti kuonekwa kune mhando yakasvibirira muzvivako uye zvivako kunogona kutungamirira kune zviratidzo zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvepamusoro zvekurasikirwa mupfungwa , kusakwanisa kuisa pfungwa, kuneta, uye musoro. "
Mune imwe dzidziso 2017, vatsvakurudzi veSweden vakawana kuti 40 muzana yemhuri imwe chete-yemhuri yakanga ine kukuvadzwa kwemvura kune nheyo, iyo yakanga yakabatana neSBS. Uyezve, 23 muzana yevatsvakurudzo vakapindura vanotaura zviratidzo zveSBS zvekare.
Zvinofadza kuti vatsvakurudzi veSweden vakawana kuti zvivakwa zvine humbho chekutengesa kutsika-kana zvivako zvakange zvakashanda nesimba-zvaive nevagari vashomanana vakanyunyuta nezvezviratidzo zveSBS. Zvimwe zvinowanzotaurwa, zvakave zvataurwa kuti kuvakwa kwemagetsi kunoguma nehurombo hwemukati yehutano hwemhepo.
Ventilation
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinopomera SBS pamusoro pehurombo hwemukati hwehutano hwemhepo uye hazvikwanisi kuputika.
Pakazosvika 1900 na1950, mitemo yekudzivirira yezvivako zvinoda kusvika mamita makumi mashanu emakiromita emhepo kunze kwemaminiti akaiswa kune imwe chivako chirimo. Iyi yepamusoro yezinga rekumhepo yakange yakadikanwa kubvisa zvinonhuwira zvemuviri uye zvinonhuwira zvisingafadzi.
Mukupera kwema193 embargo yemafuta, maitiro ekuchengetedza magetsi akatorwa, uye kuchengetedza masimba, 5 chete maikiromita mashanu emhepo kunze kweminiti yega yega yega yekuvaka yakakurudzirwa. Zvinodavirwa kuti izvi zvakaderedza mazinga ekuputika akanga asina kunaka uye akaita kuti vagari vasave vasinganzwisisiki. Dambudziko iri rakakonzerwa nemhepo-airing and heat heat systems, izvo zvakakundikana kuparadzira mweya mutsva kune vanhu mukati mezvivako zvakasimba zvine simba.
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, nyanzvi dzakadzokorora zvakare kuti hupamhi hwemafambiro emhepo hupiwe hunovakwa kuvaki vanogara. Semuenzaniso, vagari vemuhofisi vanofanira kuwana madiki masendimita makumi maviri emhepo kunze kweminiti pamunhu wese. Uyezve, masendimita gumi nemashanu paminiti yekuputika inofungidzirwa zvishoma kwezvivako zvose, nezvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai sekunze kusvuta nzvimbo, zvinoda kusvika pamamita makumi matanhatu emaminitsi paminiti.
Iko kunofungidzirwa kuti mazinga epamusoro emhepo anoputika angaderedza dambudziko rezviratidzo zveSBS. Migumisiro kubva kuongororo yekuongororwa iyi hypothesis, zvisinei, yakave yakakanganiswa. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kwemajenya ekuputika kwemhepo kunoderedza zviratidzo zveSBS pakati pevashandi vehofisi, uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kusina kuchinja.
Imwe dambudziko nemayero akawanda ekutanga kuongorora kushanda kwekuwedzera kwemavhesi muhuwandu hweSBS ndeyekuti zvidzidzo izvi zvakashandisa mafungiro air-conditioning akange aripo muzvivako kuti awedzere kuputika. Mhepo-conditioning unit ingasvibiswa saka inokonzera migumisiro.
Kunyatsotsvakurudza kwemazuva ano kunoratidza kuti inenge hafu yemhepo mune chimwe chivako inofanira kuchinjwa paawa kuti kuderedze zviratidzo zveSBS. Uyezve, ventilation units inofanira kuchengetedzwa nguva dzose uye kuderedza zvinodzvinyirira zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadzirisa zvivako kudzivisa kusvibiswa kunokuvadza kupinda muchivako.
Kurapa
Sick building syndrome hazvizivikanwi zvakajeka seuchapupu-based diagnosis; saka, hapana humwe uchapupu-hwakagadzirirwa kurapwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, inoonekwa semamiriro ezvinhu ne OSHA, EPA, nemamwe masangano. Uyezve, iyo NHS, kana hutano hwehutano hwehutano huri muUnited Kingdom, hunoita humwe mazano pamusoro pekugadzirisa chirwere chechirwere chirwere.
Heano mamwe mazano akatorwa nemasangano akasiyana-siyana pamusoro peSBS:
- Chengetedza kutengesa uye kunaya kwemvura.
- Tarisa kuchena kwechivako.
- Tarisa kuti zvinhu zvokuchenesa zvakachengeteka uye zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka.
- Chengetedza humidifiers ose emhepo, air filters, uye kupora shongwe.
- Vhura mahwindo kuti uone kuti mukati mhepo.
- Tora nguva dzose svondo rakaputika.
- Endai panze uye mufambe-famba mukati memakumbo.
- Chengetedza maitiro akanaka kumabasa.
Chimwe chiratidzo chakajeka chechirwere chekuvaka chirwere ndechekudzivisa chivako chinogumbura zvachose. Zvisinei, nokuti vanhu vakawanda vanoda mabasa avo-nemabhedha avo-izvi zvinowanzosagadzikana.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyange zvazvo kuvapo kwechirwere chechirwere chirwere chinowanzonzi mubvunzo, vanhu vakakwana vakanyunyutira pamusoro pokuvhiringidza kwakasangana nevakavaka uye zviratidzo izvo zvakaoma kukanganwa chokwadi chokuti chimwe chinhu chiri kuitika.
Parizvino, nokuti hatizivi chaizvo chinokonzera chirwere chekuvaka chirwere, zvakaoma kugadzirisa dambudziko racho. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti mweya inoputika sechikonzero; saka, chinhu chakanaka chekuita kuti zvivako zvose zvive zvakakwana. Uyezve, chando chinogona kuita basa, uye mamiriro ezvinhu haafaniri kunge akanyorovesa kana kuti akaoma zvakare. Uyezve, kana iwe uchigara mune imwe nzvimbo yakasviba, zvakanakisa kudzivisa kushandisa humidifier.
Vanachiremba vakawanda vanodzinga chirwere chechirwere chirwere sechinyunyuta chiduku. Sick building syndrome inowanzoonekwa sepseudodiagnosis, ine zviratidzo zvisingaoneki uye hapana zviratidzo zvinangwa kana zvikwangwani zvehupenyu.
Kana vakawanda vanopfuura 20 muzana yevakavaka chivako vanoona zviratidzo zveSBS, chivako chinonzi "chivako chinorwara." Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti iwe unoshanda mune imwe chirwere chinorwara, pfungwa yakanaka kutaura kune vamwe vanogara kuti uone kana vane zviratidzo , zvakare. Uyezve, nyora zvido zvako (kureva, tora mifananidzo yemvura inokuvadza uye nzvimbo dzisina kuchena) uye nzira yekutarisira. Nokuti zvivako zvinorwara zvinowanzotarisana nekodhidhi, vatungamiri vanogona kubvisa izvi zvinonetsa. Muzviitiko izvi, zvinogona kuva pfungwa yakanaka yekukurukura OSHA kana EPA nokuda kwekutsvakurudza kwepamhepo.
Mukuwedzera pakudana kucherechedza dambudziko racho, pfungwa yakanaka yekuzvidzivirira pachako uchishanda mune imwe imba yekurwara. Kuti udzivise zviratidzo, iwe unofanira kuedza kuwana mweya yakawanda mutsva uye ita zvose zvaunokwanisa kuti urambe uine nzvimbo yakachena uye kuderedza nguva yekiratidzi, iyo inobatanidza neSBS. Nokuti pane kuwirirana kukuru pakati pemakumbo ehurumende uye chirwere chechirwere chirwere, zvichida pfungwa yakanaka yekuita musangano kuti uone anogadziriswa kuti awedzere kuongorora.
> Sources:
> Borchers, AT, Chang, C, Gershwin, EM. Mold uye Utano hwevanhu: A Reality Check. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol. 2017; 52: 305-322.
> Burge, PS. Sick Building Syndrome. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2004; 61: 185-190.
> EPA. Indoor Air Facts No. 4 (yakarongedzwa) Sick Building Syndrome. www. epa.gov.
> NHS Choices. Sick Building Syndrome. www.nhs.uk.
> Smedje, G, et al. Zviratidzo zveSBS maererano nekuderedza uye kuputika mukati memahofisi emhuri imwe chete mumhuri kuSweden. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. June 17, 2017.