Kunzwisisa General Anesthesia
Anesthesia imishonga yakapiwa murwere kuti arege kurwadziwa. Kune marudzi akawanda eesesthesia uye vamwe vanobvumira murwere kuti ave akangwarira uye akatarisa panguva yekurapa, asi mamwe mishonga anesthesia inogona kupiwa kudzivirira kuziva kuburikidza nekuita murwere asinganzwisisi panguva yekurapa.
Mhando yeanesthesia inoshandiswa inobva pane zvakarongeka kuitwa, nguva uye hutano hwemurwere, uye zvido zvechiremba uye chiremba anesthesia.
Neimwe nzira iyo murwere angakwanisa kusarudza pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzeanesthesia apo vamwe vangada rudzi rwakasiyana.
General Anesthesia Anotsanangurwa
Kune marudzi akawanda eesesthesia. Imwe yeruzhinji ndeyese anesthesia, anesthesia yakasimba, uye iyo inonyanya kushandiswa panguva yokuvhiyiwa. Urwu urwu hwehutachiona hunoita kuti murwere arege kuteerera mune izvo zvinowanzoita kuti munhu awane mishonga.
Jenesi anesthesia inosanganiswa yemishonga inotarisirwa kuita kuti murwere asaziva zviri kuitika kune avo, kudzivisa kurwadziwa, uye kuparadza muviri panguva yekuita. Kazhinji inoshandiswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, aneshehesia yakawanda inobvumira chiremba kupa mishonga ingadai iri kurwadza zvikuru kana murwere ainge akamuka uye anokwanisa kunzwa.
Jenesi anesthesia haisi kungoita kuti munhu asaziva, inokonzera maronda emuviri kusanganisira mishonga inoita kuti zvive nyore kupema.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, varwere vanogamuchira anesthesia vanodikanwa vanoda ventiri kuti vaite basa reharura nemamwe mitsipa inobatsira kuita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa uye kubudisa.
Sei Chirongwa Chekuita Anesthesia Chichidiwa?
Jenesi anesthesia inowanzoshandiswa pakuvhiya kwakanyanya, nguva refu, uye nzira dzinowanzova dzakaora kwazvo.
Urwu rudzi rweaneshesia harubvumiri murwere kuti aite chirongwa pasina kurwadziwa, asiwo anobvumira murwere kuti ave asina chaanoziva.
Kune mamwe mavhivhi, zvinenge zvichitambudza chaizvo kuva wakamuka nekuda kwekuita, kana iwe kana iwe usina kukwanisa kurwadziwa. Fungidzira kuva nechikamu chemuviri chakabviswa, chakadai panguva ye appendectomy kubvisa zvinyorwa, uye kuva wakamuka. Kunyange iwe usingave uchinzwa marwadzo, ingadai ichiri kunyanya kunetseka kuti uve uchiona kuvhiyiwa apo wakamuka uye wakangwarira.
Ngozi dzeGeneral Anesthesia
Njodzi dzinobatanidzwa neanesthesia dzinowirirana zvakasiyana kubva pakurongwa kusvika pakuita, uye pakati pevarwere vakasiyana. Sezvaunogona kufungidzira, murwere mumwe nomumwe ane pachake panjodzi yake, sezvo pasina vanhu vaviri vakangofanana. Semuenzaniso, murwere ane makore 90 achava nehutano hwakasiyana zvachose kana ane chirongwa chekuwedzera kune chirwere chemakore gumi nemaviri. Heano zvimwe zvezvinogona kuitika:
- Nausea / kushambidzika : Iyi ndiyo inowanzosangana nevarwere vanotarisana mushure mekuita anesthesia, uye zviri nyore kudzivirira kudarika kurapwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi zvakakosha kutaura nhoroondo yekushungurudza kunokonzerwa neanesthesia vasati vavhiyiwa.
- Anesthesia awareness: Uyu ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu anoitika apo murwere haanzwisisi zvachose panguva yakawanda anesthesia.
- Hora / hoarseness: Inokonzerwa nefemu yekufema, kutsamwa uku kunowanzoshoma.
- Dry mouth: Chinhu chiduku chinowanzoenda apo murwere anokwanisa kunwa mvura.
- Kudzora / chills: Izvi zvinowanzotora nguva pfupi mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye inobva apo murwere akasvinura uye achifamba.
- Kurara: Izvi zvakajairika mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye zvinogadzirisa apo muviri wakabvisa mishonga yakawanda inoshandiswa yeanesthesia.
- Musungo aches: Inokonzerwa nemishonga kana kuti nokunyengera panguva yekufamba, izvi zvinowanzoitika kwenguva pfupi uye zvinopera mukati maawa kana mazuva ekuvhiyiwa.
- Itching: Mishonga inorwadza inowanzopomera mhosva yekuchera, uye nyaya iyi inowanzoenda kana mishonga inorwadza isisakoshi.
- Kuvhiringidzika: Varwere vanogona kunge vakavhiringidzika mushure mekuvhiyiwa vakwegura, vane chirwere cheAlzheimer, dementia, kana chimwe chiitiko chinokonzera kuvhiringidzika nguva dzose.
- Kuoma kurinha / kusakwanisa kurinate: Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa kune varwere vane katheter ye urinary panguva yekuvhiyiwa uye zvinogona kutora maawa kana kunyange mazuva kuti chidzara chidzokere kune chakanaka.
- Ileus: Iyi ndiyo mamiriro apo matumbo haasimuke nokukurumidza sezvatarisira mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye kufamba kunonoka kana kusipo.
- Dambudziko rekubuda muvharidziro: Kuchenesa kubva kumhepo inopisa kunowedzera kuoma kune varwere vanorwara zvikuru kana varwere vane dambudziko rokufema.
- Kutapisa / pneumonia: Kukurumidza kumira zvokudya kana mvura mvura panguva yokuvhiya ipfungwa inonyatsozivikanwa yokuvhiyiwa uye ndicho chikonzero nei kudya kamwe nguva isati yambovhiyiwa inorambidzwa .
- Ropa rinoputika: Nyaya iyi inowanzova yakajairika mushure mekuvhiyiwa nokuti murwere achiripo kwenguva yakareba, iyo inozivikanwa panjodzi inokonzera ropa.
- Kuipa kwechiremera: Ichi ndicho chinogona kutyisa upenyu chinokonzera kupindura kwakasimba kune anesthesia. Inowanzotiza mumhuri.
Dzimwe Mhando dzeAnesthesia
Usati wasarudza kuti iwe unoda hutachiona hweanesthesia nokuda kwehutano hwako, zvinokosha kuti uzive marudzi akasiyana eesesthesia anowanikwa. Mhando dzakawanda dzinowanikwa kune aneshesia, kunze kwevanhu vazhinji anesthesia, ndeaya anotevera:
Regional anesthesia : Iyo inozivikanwawo seyakabatanidzwa, urwu rudzi rweaneshesia inodzivirira murwere kuti asanzwa nzvimbo yemuviri, yakadai sesimba rose kana pasi pechiuno.
- Local anesthesia : Nyaya iyi yeanesthesia inodzivisa kunzwa munharaunda shoma yemuviri, zvakadai sekuti munwe unodedzwa kuitira kuti zvigunwe zvigone kushandiswa kudonhedzwa.
- Kutarisa anesthesia care (MAC) : Rudzi urwu rweaneshesia, inozivikanwawo sehusiku hwekurara, inorudzi rweanesthesia inodzivirira kurwadziwa kana murwere achiziva kana kuti asinganyatsogadziri. Murwere angakanganwa nzira yose kana kuti angave asina chiyeuchidzo chezviitiko.
Pakati peGeneral Anesthesia
Izvo zvinowanzoitwa anesthesia zvinowanzotanga ne sedation, kuitira kuti zviitike kuisa futi yekufema. Chimiro che sedation chinosara kune anesthesia mupi wekusarudza, uye inogona kusiyanisa zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemurwere uye rudzi rwekuvhiya.
Kana mumwe murwere ari muimba yekushandira, akabatanidzwa kumafambisi ekuongorora, uye zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvakapedzwa, anesthesia inogona kutanga. Izvo zvinowanzoitika kuti mishonga isati yambopfekwa inopiwa, "nguva yekubuda" inoitwa kuti ione murwere uye nzira yavari kuita. Izvi zvinoitwa kudzivirira chakaipa chesaiti / chisina kunaka chirwere chevarwere.
Kana imwe nguva yapera iyo murwere anokwanisa kupiwa mishonga kuti avatevere uye uyo anesthesia ndiye anotanga chirongwa chekugadzirira murwere nokuda kwekuvhiyiwa.
Intubation uye Ventilation Pakati Chete Anesthesia
Mishonga yemuviri yakaoma mitezo panguva yakawanda yeanesthesia, kusanganisira mishonga inobatsira mapapu kutora kufema, zvinoreva kuti mapapu haakwanisi kushanda oga. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuti ventilator inoshandiswa kupa mweya kumapapu. Kuti zvive zvakajeka, mapapu achiri kushanda munguva yeanesthesia, ivo vanongoshaya simba rekufema mweya nokuti mishonga iyo inoita basa iroro inenge isisakwanisi kushanda kwenguva pfupi.
Kuiswa kune ventilator kunoda kuti tube, iyo inonzi endotracheal tube, inyoreswe mumugwagwa. Iyi bhuti inobva yabatanidzwa kune yakakura tubing iyo inoenda kumhepo, ichibvumira ventilator kupa oxygen kumurwere. Nzira yekuisa iyo tube inonzi intubation .
Kuongorora Pakati Pepanhau Anesthesia
Panguva yekuvhiyiwa murwere anongorongedzwa zvakanyanya nemichina yekuongorora michina inoita kuti mwoyo uwedzere, uwandu hwe okisijeni muropa, nhamba yekufema murwere ari kutora, uye kunyange EKG murwere. Mukuwedzera kumagetsi ekuongorora, murwere anochengetedzwawo neOO staff uye anesthesia anopa.
Jenesi anesthesia inowanzogoverwa nachiremba anesthetist, anonzi anesthesiologist, kana CRNA , mukoti anonyora akarembera anesthetist. Zvose izvi zvinopa kuchengeteka uye zvinobudirira anesthesia, uye vane ruzivo rwakakura pakupa anesthesia yakawanda.
Panguva yekufamba, chinangwa ndechokuti murwere arege kunyatsoziva zviri kuitika kune avo, kusanganisira kusava nemarwadzo.
Waking Up From General Anesthesia
Iyo munhu anomuka kubva kune anesthesia inobva kune rudzi rwekuvhiyiwa kwavakaita uye kuti vari kufema sei. Chinangwa mushure mokunge aneshesia yakawanda ndeyekudzidzira murwere-kubvisa pfupa yekufema-nokukurumidza sezvinobvira mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuguma.
Kazhinji uye zvisingaverengeki maitiro zvinoguma nemishonga inopiwa iyo inoshandura anesthesia, kumutsa murwere uye kugumisa kupera simba kwemuviri. Vashandi ava vanowanzofema bhuti rinobviswa nokukurumidza pamagumo ekuvhiya uye vari kufema pachavo mukati memaminitsi ekuvhiya kuguma. Varwere ava vanowanzoputika muPACU-post anesthesia yekuchengetedza--kuenda kuchipatara kana kudzokera kumusha kana vakanyatsomuka.
Kune dzimwe chirwere chakakomba zvikuru, zvakadai sekuvhiya kwepfungwa yakazarurwa kana kuvhiyiwa kweuropi, murwere anobvumirwa kunomuka zvishoma kubva kune anesthesia uye hapana mutengesi unochinja unopiwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti murwere angaramba ari muvhariyiti kwemaawa matanhatu nemaviri mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye zvakare kuva nefemu yekufema inobviswa pavanomuka.
Vamwe varwere vacharamba vaine ventilator vanochengetedza kwemazuva kana kunyange gare gare mushure mekuvhiyiwa, asi izvi hazvisi zvishoma. Varwere vane zvirwere zvokufema zvinokonzera kufema kunonetsa zvikuru zvinowanzova nekutambura nekubviswa kubva kumhepo, sezvinoita vanoputa uye vanowedzera varwere.
Kudya uye Kunwa Pashure peAnesthesia
Kana mumwe murwere akasvinudzwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, ivo vanowanzogona kunwisa pahosi chips kana kutora sips yemvura. Kana izvi zvikafamba zvakanaka, danho rinotevera nderokunwa zvinodhaka nguva dzose, zvinoteverwa nekudya nguva dzose. Izvi zvinogona kutora maawa, kana kunyange mazuva kana murwere achiona kushungurudzwa, kurutsira, kana kuti haanzwi hake kutora zvokudya kana mvura.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, murwere anokwanisa kudya kudya nguva dzose mukati mezuva rekuti anesthesia mukuru.
Kuchengetedza Mushure meGedheni Anesthesia
IAmerican Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) inoita mazano akawanda ekuchengetedza varwere mushure mokugamuchira mukuru anesthesia. Izvi ndezvokuti zvinogona kutora zuva rakakwana kana nguva refu kuti anesthesia apfeke zvachose, uye kusvikira yaita, murengeti wehutano angazviwana achinzwa akarara, achinetseka kana kutovhiringidzika.
Kwezuva rokutanga mushure mekuvhiyiwa, tarisira kupedza nguva yakawanda yekuzorora uchizorora, kuputika, kana kuita mabasa ekuzorodza. Ronga pakutora zuva mushure mekuita anesthesia kubva kubasa uye mamwe mabasa akaoma.
IAA mazano inosanganisira kusashandisa mitambo yakakura-kusanganisira kutyaira motokari-kana kusayina chero mapepa emutemo kwemaawa makumi maviri kana mashure mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Gadzirira kuva nomutyairi kuti atore kumba kwako kubva kuchipatara, uye usapindwa kunwa doro kana kutora mishonga inopedzisira isiri yakatemwa nachiremba wako chiremba kwezuva rokutanga mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
Vanokurudzirawo kuti iwe uwane rubatsiro rwekuchengetwa kwevana kana iwe uine vana vaduku pamba, sezvaunoda kuzorora zvakanyanya kudarika nguva dzese kwemasikati pashure pekuvhiyiwa, zvichida kwenguva refu.
Shoko Rinobva
Jenesi anesthesia ine zvipingamupinyi, asi mubairo wekuve nekurwadziwa kusununguka kusununguka kunogona kuva kwakanaka. Chisarudzo chako chekuvhiyiwa chinofanira kuisa dambudziko rekugadzirisa uye iyo anesthesia iwe uchawana zvinopesana nemigumisiro yemaitiro ehutano. Kunyange zvazvo ichokwadi kuti kuvhiyiwa kwega kwega kune ngozi, zvinogonawo kuva nezvikomborero zvakakura kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa. Iwe chete iwe unogona kusarudza kana iwe uchida kuvhiyiwa-uye anesthesia-kana zvikomborero zvakakodzera nguva, kushanda, kurwadziwa uye njodzi.
> Kwakabva:
> All About Anesthesia. AANA. Yakasvika muna August, 2017. http://www.aana.com/forpatients/Pages/All-About-Anesthesia.aspx