Simba Rine Simba muAustism Nyika
Andrew Wakefield ndeimwe yemakakatanwa akawanda munyika ye autism. Kutsvakurudza kwake pamusoro pemubvunzo wekuti Mishonga yeMumps-Measles-Rubella (MMR) inogona kuva chikonzero chekupararira kwevidism yakagadzira kukwikwidza kukuru munharaunda ye autism. Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti purogiramu yake yekutsvakurudza yakanyanyisa pamusoro penyaya yacho yakabviswa neBrithani yezvokurapa magazini The Lancet, Wakefield uye maonero ake anoramba ari simba guru munyika ye autism.
Dr. Wakefield ndiye gastroenterologist uye mudzidzisi wepayenzi ane chido chakanyanya mukurwara kwezvirwere. Akazvarwa muBritain muna 1957, akadzidziswa kuCanada ndokubva ava chiremba paRoy Free Free Hospital muLondon.
Pakutanga kwebasa rake, Wakefield akaita mhizha inokosha kunyika yezvokurapa paakaona kuti chikonzero chechirwere cheCrohn, chirwere chikuru chepakumbo, chakanga chiri kuderera ropa richiyerera kusvika mumatumbu. Nguva pfupi mushure mekunge kuwanikwa uku, Wakefield akatanga kukumba mumubvunzo wekuti ingirova yegunisi kubva mumakumbo-Mishonga-Rubella vachengeti yakange ichikonzera kuvhara kwekuyerera kweropa uye kutungamirira Crohn's. Kunyange zvazvo mhinduro yemubvunzo uyu yaiva "kwete," kukwanisa kweropa rinorwara sechikonzero chezvakaitika zveGI zvakaramba zvichimufadza.
Muna 1995, Wakefield yakasangana neboka revabereki vakamuudza kuti vana vavo vakanga vashandura vachitevera chirongwa cheMMR.
Vakamukumbira kuti atarise mumubatanidzwa unogona, uye akanga achida kuita saizvozvo. Dzidziso yake: kana chirwere chekugadza chikafu chakakonzera kupisa mumatumbo avo, vana vanogona kukura "leaky gut syndrome," zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti mapuroteni anokuvadza aite nzira yavo kuuropi. Kana izvi zvikaitika, akashongedza, autism yevana ingadai yakave yakakonzerwa nemishonga yeMMR.
Muna 1998, Wakefield neboka revakashanda vakabudisa chidzidzo chekutsvakurudza chakabatanidza zviratidzo zvekudzivirira zvirwere mumana 12 autistic kuMuchengetedza-Mumasese-Rubella vaccine. Izvo zvidzidzo, zvakabudiswa mumagazini inozivikanwa ezvokurapa muBritish The Lancet, yakatanga hurukuro inopesana nekuzvidzivirira muUnited States, United States uye pasi rose.
Makore akati apfuura, mutori wenhau Brian Deer weLondon Sunday Times akatanga kuongorora Wakefield uye akawana uchapupu hwekupesana kwezvaifarira uye mamiriro ekudzidzira kusarurama. Nguva pfupi mushure meDeer paakataura pamusoro pezvaakawana, vane gumi vevadzidzi vaKausfield vane gumi nematanhatu vakasiya zvidzidzo zvekudzidza. MunaFebruary 2010, Lancet yakarambidza zvakasununguka kushandiswa kwechinyorwa ichi nekuda kwezvakanaka. Izvi zvakatevera nzira yakareba yekutsvakurudza neUnited General Medical Council.
Kunyange zvazvo kutsvaga kweWMM / yakashambadza yaWakefield yakarambwa uye isingatauri zvakakwana, inoramba ichitsigira chechirwere ichi chinoramba chichienderera mberi kune zvirwere sechikonzero chinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kukuru kwevistis spectrum diagnoses. Mamiriyoni emadhora akarerwa kuti anyevere vabereki nezvekugona kuti autism inogona kukonzerwa nemakemikari, uye kuvaka "mushonga wekupera" muU.S. uye UK.
Wakefield, uyo iye zvino anoshanda muFlorida neTexas, anomira nebasa rake uye anotsigira kuti tsvakurudzo yake yakaitwa zvakanaka.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza, zvisinei, kuti kune vose vanorwisa-vaccine rhetoric munharaunda yevidism, Wakefield pachayo haaiti mhedziso yokuti mushonga weMMR unokonzera autism. Ichokwadi, paWakefield's Texas-based "Thoughtful House" site, FAQ inobvunza kuti: Ive neWeghtful House vatsvakurudzi vakawana hukama pakati peMMR vaccine uye autism? Mhinduro: Hapana kubatana kwakadaro kwakagadzwa, asi kutsvakurudza kune unogona kushamwaridzana kuri kupfuurira.
Sources
BBC News. Nhoroondo: Dr Andrew Wakefield.
Amanda Gardner. Kakavhiringidza Autism Yokudzidza Yakadzoserwa neMutapi Wezvinyorwa. HealthDay. Feb 2, 2010.
Paul Offit, MD. Autism Vaprofita Venhema: Zvakaipa Sayenzi, Mishonga Inokuvadza, uye Kutsvaga Chirapa. Columbia University Press: New York C 2008.
Unofunga House Website.