Inenge 83% ye autism inokonzerwa nemajeni akaberekwa
Vatsvakurudzi vakagara vachitenda kuti mageneti anoita basa rinokosha mu autism, asi vazhinji vakave nechokwadi chokuti kuwedzera kukuru kwekuongorora kwevhisiki kwakakonzerwa nenhau dzezvakatipoteredza. Kutsvakurudzwa kwemazuva ano kunoratidza kuti mageneti angave ane mhosva kune vazhinji vanoita 90 muzana yezviitiko zve autism, uye nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza dzinotamba basa duku.
Chii Chinonzi Autism Vanotsvakurudza Zvinoreva 'Genetic'?
Maererano neNational Institutes of Health: "Geni ndiyo inonyanya kushanda uye inoshanda yehutano.
Zvisikwa, zvinoumbwa neDNA, shandisa mirayiridzo yekuita mamolekemu anonzi mapuroteni. Mune vanhu, majini anosiyana mukukura kubva mashoma mazana eDNA mabhesi kusvika kune mamiriyoni maviri ezvigadziko. Human Genome Project inofungidzira kuti vanhu vane makore makumi maviri kusvika ku25 000. "Maitiro evanhu ari akafanana kubva kumunhu kusvika kune munhu.Kutaura zvazviri, inenge 1 muzana yeDNA yedu inotsanangura kuti mumwe munhu akasiyana sei kune mumwe.
Zvinyorwa zvine simba guru pamuviri wedu nepfungwa. Asi apo mazita ejeni akagara nhaka kubva kuvabereki vedu, kwete maitiro ega ega akasiyana. Ndicho chikonzero chekuchinja kwehupenyu (inonzi kududzirwa) kunogona kuitika mumunhu mumwe chete, asina chokuita nefa. Kuchinja-chinja kunogona kuitika pakarepo (pasina chero chikonzero chakazivikanwa) kana semugumisiro wekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Apo autism vatsvakurudzi vanotarisa mazamu, vanogona kunge vachiongorora imwe yemibvunzo yakawanda yakasiyana. Pakati pavo:
- Ndezvipi zvingaita kuti autism iwane nhaka kubva kuvabereki?
- Ndeapi kudii iyo autism inokonzerwa nekuchinja kusinganzwisisiki mumageneko asina kupiwa nhaka?
- Ndeapi majee ega kana masero ejeni anonzwisisa kana munhu ari autistic?
- Ndeapi maitiro ekuchinja kumarudzi ega ega angaratidza autism?
- Ndezvipi zvinokonzerwa nevirism zvakabatana nematambudziko anozivikanwa ejeneti zvakadai seFragile X chirwere?
- Ive majena akasiyana-siyana ane chokuita nemhando dzakasiyana dzevhisiyamu here?
- Kune mamiriro ezvinhu ezvipoteredza anokonzera kushanduka kwemasvikiro anotungamirira ku autism?
Chii Chatinoziva Nezve Autism uye Genetics?
Zvine zvishomanana zvishoma, vatsvakurudzi vave vasingakwanisi kupindura mibvunzo pamusoro peA autism uye genetics chero kupi zvako. Hatisingazivi, somuenzaniso, kunyanya kusanganiswa kwemajini kunogona kukonzera autism. Hatizivi kana kuchinja kwemashoko kunokonzera kukwirira kwepamusoro kana kuderera. Hatizivi kana zvichibvira kuchinja mukana wekuwana autism. Hatizivi kana chirwere chemafuro chinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka kune vanhu vane autism.
Pano, zvakadaro, pane zvimwe zvatinoziva , maererano neNIH:
- ASD ine tsika yokumhanya mumhuri, asi iyo nhaka inowanzozivikanwa. Vanhu vane mararamiro emagetsi anosangana neAD vanowanzotora dambudziko rakawedzerwa rekuvandudza chimiro, panzvimbo pemamiriro acho pachavo.
- Kuchinja kwemajeni anopfuura 1 000 kwakave kunzi kunoshamwaridzana ne ASD, asi nhamba yakawanda yezvikwata izvi hazvina kusimbiswa. Mazhinji emhando dzakasiyana-siyana ane zvishoma zvingangoita, uye kuchinja kwemajini mazhinji kunogona kusanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza, zvakadai sezera revabereki, zvinetso zvekuberekwa, nezvimwe zvisati zvamboonekwa, kuzivisa mukana weumwe munhu wekugadzirisa dambudziko iri rakaoma.
- Munenge 2 kusvika ku4 muzana yevanhu vane ASD, zvisingawanzogadzi kuchinja kwemajeni kana kusvibiswa kwekromosome zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndizvo zvinokonzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu, kazhinji sechimwe chezvirwere zve syndromes zvinosanganisira zvimwe zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvine chokuita nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemuviri.
- Maererano nekuongorora kwechangobva kuitika, vazhinji vanoita 2500 maitiro ega ega anogona kugoverwa ne autism. Iyi nhamba yakawanda yakafuridzirwa kuburikidza nehutano hutsva uye zvinoreva kuti kudzidza autism kwave kuchiwedzera kuoma.
Genetics uye Environment
Izvo hazvina mubvunzo kuti zvakatipoteredza zvinopindirana ne genetics zvichikonzera mhando dzakasiyana dze autism. Asi zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvinoratidza zvakajeka kuti zvakatipoteredza zvinhu,, kazhinji, zvose zvakajeka uye zvakaoma.
Maererano neNational Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza dzinogona kuwedzera njodzi yevirism , asi hazvizivikanwi kuti inokonzera autism. Dzinosanganisira:
- Zvekare muzera remhuri nenguva yekuberekwa
- Kusununguka kwepabonde kusvibiswa kwemweya
- Utano hwemadzimai kana chirwere cheshuga
- Kunyanya kunetseka uye kunyanya kuberekwa uremu
- Chero hutano hwekuzvarwa hunoita kuti uwane nguva dzemazuva ekuberekwa kwe oksijeni kusvika kune uropi hwecheche
- Kusununguka kwepabonde kune zvimwe zvipembenene
- Kusununguka kwepabonde kuna Valproate kana Thalidomide
- Kusakwana kwekudya kwepabonde
Izvozvo zvingangodaro sei pane izvi zvinotarisa zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi? Mhinduro idzi hadzisi kuzivikanwa, kunyange kutsvakurudza kuri kuenderera mberi. Isu tinoziva kuti hapana chimwe chezviitiko izvi ndeye "kamukira" ye autism; vana vakawanda vanoberekwa nevabereki vakwegura, kana kuti vasati vasvika, kana munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa dzisiri autistic. Izvi zvinoratidzira kuti vamwe vana avo vane maitiro ehutachiona ehutmiti vakagadzirisa chirwere ichi mushure mekunge pane zvakatipoteredza.
Chii Chinonyanya Kukosha: Genetics kana Zvakatipoteredza?
Zvidzidzo zve 2017 zvakatsvaga mubvunzo wekuti nhaka yakaberekwa nejeneti kana mamiriro ekunze ndiyo inonyanya kukosha ye autism. Kukunda, humwe uchapupu hunoti kune mazamu. Ichokwadi, maererano nechimwe chidzidzo:
Zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yakazara mumhuri, uye mazano maviri mapatya anofungidzira chikamu chepenotype yakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwezvakaberekwa nemaitiro (heritability) kuva anenge 90 muzana.
Mune imwe yedzidzo yapfuura, kusarudzwa kweAD kunofungidzirwa kuva 0.50, uye kugoverwa kwemhuri kumagadziro ehutano kuva 0.04. Kuti ureve kuvapo kana kusavapo kweAIDS, chidzidzo chacho chakashandisa deta yakagadzirirwa kutora nguva yekuitika kwezviitiko mune data, iyo inogona kunge yakaderedza kusagadzikana kwaro.
Chimwe chidzidzo chakafananidza boka revana muSweden kubva muna 1982 kusvika muna 2006 kusanganisira mapatya, hama, nehanzvadzi-vana vakawana kuti "chiitiko che" inherited "autism chaiva ne 83 kubva muzana, asi izvo zvisingaverengeki zvakasikwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvakafungidzirwa kusvika 17 muzana . "
Mune mamwe mazwi, kana zvidzidzo izvi zvakarurama, huwandu hwakawanda hwevirism hunotora nhaka. Kuwana uku kunobatsira zvikuru kumhuri ine vanhu vakawanda vane autistic uye inogona kuva yakakosha pakutsvaga nzira dzokurapa dzinogona kudzivirira kana kubata chirwere.
Shoko Rinobva
Kutsvakurudza kunorevei kuvabereki? Kunyange zvazvo isina kupa ruzivo rwakakura rwekuita, runoita kuti zvive pachena kuti zvakatipoteredza zvinotamba chikamu chiduku mu autism. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti vabereki havafaniri kunetseka kuti zvisarudzo zvehupenyu humwe kana maitiro aive ezvo zvinokonzera chirwere chemwana wavo. Uye izvi zvinoreva kuti vabereki vanogona kusununguka mupfungwa kuti vatarise, kwete pamwana wavo asati apera, asi pane ramangwana ravo.
> Sources:
> Brooks, Megan. Genetic factors inofunga nezvehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemotokari. Medscape. Svondo 27, 2017. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/886250
> Krishnan, A. et al, Kutaura kweGenome-wide uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekutenderera kwevirism. Nature Neuroscience , 2016; DOI: 10.1038 / nn.4353 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Autism. Webhu, 2017. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/autism/index.cfm
> Sandin S, Lichtenstein P, Kuja-Halkola R, Hultman C, Larsson H, Reichenberg A. Kurongeka kwe autism spectrum disorder. JAMA. 2017; 318 (12): 1182-1184. doi: 10.1001 / jama.2017.12141
> Science News. Autism magenhi akaonekwa achishandisa nzira itsva. August 1, 2016. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160801113827.htm
> US National Library of Medicine. Autism. Webhu, 2017. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/autism-spectrum-disorder#diagnosis
> Zayed, A.. Kuvimbiswa: Heredity Ndicho Chikonzero Chikuru cheAustism. Consumer Health Digest. Webhu. 2017. https://www.consumerhealthdigest.com/health-news/genetics-increase-autism-risk.html