Autism uye "Dzidziso Yepfungwa"
"Dzidziso yepfungwa" inotsanangura kukwanisa kwevanhu kunzwisisa kuti hazvibviri kuti munhu mumwe chete azive zviri kuitika mupfungwa yomumwe munhu. "Dzidziso yepfungwa" inonzwika semafungiro akaoma, asi chaizvoizvo, inowanzotarisirwa nevana vasati vava nemakore mashanu.
Mwana anoziva chirevo chepfungwa anonzwisisa izvi somuenzaniso:
- Kana vakavanza, vamwe vanhu havazivi kwavari.
- Kana vachifunga fungiro kana kuva nemanzwiro, asi musingazvitauri, pfungwa iyo kana manzwiro haatauri kune vamwe (uye kuti vamwe vangave vasina kugovera pfungwa dzavo).
- Zvavanofarira uye zvavasingadi zvingave zvisingagone kugoverwa nevamwe - uye vamwe vanogona kunge vane zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nezvinodiwa.
- Vane ruzivo rwokuti mumwe munhu haaina, vanofanira kutaurira kuti ruzivo kana dambudziko risina kunzwisiswa.
- Kana vakaona chimwe chinhu icho vamwe vasingaoni, vanoziva chimwe chinhu icho vamwe vanhu vasingazivi.
Vanhu veAvistic Vatsva-Kuverenga Kuoma
Nzira yepfungwa ingave yakashata kune vose nevakuru pamutambo. Izvi hazvirevi kuti vanhu vane autism havasi ivo vanonzwira tsitsi , asi pane kuti zvakaoma kuti vaite zvechipiri-kufungidzira vamwe vavariro, vavariro, kana kuti mapurisa akavanzika .
Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti zvinetso zvinosanganisira kuoma nekuverenga zviso zvisina kumira zviso uye mutauro.
Semuenzaniso, zvinogona kunge zvakaoma kuvanhu vevististic kuti vasave kana sarudzo dzakasimudza chiratidzo chekushamisika, kutya, kana kusavhiringidzwa.
Mashoko ezwi anogonawo kuva nyaya. Semuenzaniso, tinoshandura shanduko dzisinganzwisisiki mumatauri uye zvinoshandiswa kuratidza pfungwa yokuti tiri kuseka, kunyengera, kusatenda, nezvakadaro. Asi kana vanhu vevanhu vasingakwanisi kuziva kuti kuchinja kwakashata, vanogona kutora jokers zvakakomba, kana kuti vanotenda kuti mazwi anonyadzisa ndeechokwadi.
Somugumisiro, vanhu vari mumitambo vanowanzosanzwisisi vamwe vavariro dzevanhu kana zvido. Vangakundikanawo kutaurira ruzivo kana kuti kutsigira kune zvavanoda. Dambudziko nekufungidzira kwepfungwa kunogonawo kuita kuti autistic vanhu vatambudzike kutsauswa, kuvhiringidzwa, kana kushungurudzwa.
Autism uye "Mind-Blindness"
Mumwe muongorori anonzi Simon Baron-Cohen anorondedzera Inyanzvi yeChirangariro se "... achikwanisa kuwedzera huwandu hwakazara hwemashoko epfungwa (zvitendero, zvishuvo, vavariro, mafungiro , manzwiro, zvimwewo) zvinokonzera chiito. ndezvekukwanisa kufungisisa zviri mukati mevamwe uye pfungwa dzevamwe. " Bharon-Cohen akatanga nheyo nokuda kwekushayikwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa dzaakadana "kufunga kwekupodza."
Vatsvakurudzi vanosanganisira Baron-Cohen naUritain Frith vanofunga kuti pfungwa yekupofu pane imwe nzvimbo inowanikwa kune vanhu vose mu autism spectrum. Vanonzwawo kuti kusakwanisa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa kunokonzerwa nekusiyana kwemaurolo, uye iyo dzidziso inotsigirwa nekutsvakurudza.
Kune avo vari mu autist spectrum vane simba rakangwara , zvinokwanisika kuvaka "pfungwa yekuverenga" mano kuburikidza nekuita, kukurukurirana, nekudzidzira unyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu. Kunyangwe nekuita uye kudzidzisa, zvakadaro, funga upofu inogona kunge iri nyaya kune vanhu vose mu autism muhupenyu hwavo hwose.
Sources:
Baron-Cohen, Simon. Dzidziso yePfungwa muKuramba Kwekugara uye Autism. Prisme , 2001, 34, 174-183.
Chevallier C, Noveck I, Happé F, Wilson D. "Chii chiri muInzwi?" Zvinyorwa seChirongwa Chekuedzwa kweNheyo yeMangariro Account of Autism "Neuropsychologia" 2011 Feb; 49 (3): 507-17.
Frith, Uta. Fungisisa Mapofu uye Brain mu Autism. Neuron, Vol. 32, 969-979, December 20, 2001.
Kana, Rajesh, et al. Kushanda kweBurin Networks neChite Matter Underlying Teaching-of-Mind muVistism.Indangariro Yezvemagariro evanhu uye Affective Neuroscience (2014) 9 (1): 98-105.
Tager-Flusberg, Helen. Kuongorora Nyanzvi yePfungwa Hypothesis yeAustism. Nhasi Mazano muPsychological Science, December 2007. Vol 16 no. 6 311-315.