Mhando dzeLung Cancer muNo-Smokers vs People Who smoke
Ndeupi rudzi rwemapapu emapapu inowanzoonekwa kune vasiri vasvuta? Ngatitarisei mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu, uyewo kuti sei mhavha yemapapu inogona kunge yakasiyana kune vanhu vasina kusvuta. Asi kutanga, kana uri kubvunza mubvunzo uyu, zvakakosha kukupa hurefu-shanu. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kuti kenza yemapapu inogona uye inoitika kune yaimbova inoputa uye isati inoputa, uye avo vanozviona, vanogona kunge vakagadzirira kuziva zviratidzo zvekenza yemapapu vanofanira kuitika.
Chirwere Chine Mucheche muNyika-Vasingaiti
Kenza yemaperembudzi haisi kungoitika chete kune vanhu vasina kumbobvira vachema asi yemukenza yemapapu mukati mekusamboputa ndeyechitanhatu chinokonzera kukonzera kenza muUnited States. Paunenge uchikurukura mhinduro kumubvunzo pamusoro pemhando yemakenza emapapu mune vasina-fodya, iyo; inobatsira kusiyanisa pakati pe "vasiri kusvuta" uye "vasamboputa" pavanongorora mazita. Nhengo yevasina kusvuta inosanganisira vose vari vaviri vasingambofungwi uye vanhu vanoputa panguva imwe chete asi zvino vasiya (avo vaimbova vachema.) Izwi risati rambosvuta rinoreva vanhu vakanwa fodya zana kana zvishoma munguva yavo yeupenyu.
Parizvino, nguva inenge 10 kusvika ku15 kubva muzana yevanhu vanova nekenza yemapapu havambofi vanoputa, uye vanopfuura makumi mashanu kubva muzana ndivo vambova vachesi. Chero pakati pe20 ne40 muzana (zvichienderana nekudzidza uye nzvimbo inzvimbo) vari kushingaira vanosvuta. Yakawedzerwa pamwe chete, vazhinji vevanhu vasiri kusvuta munguva yekenza yemapapu kuongororwa.
Yakadzorerwa nenzira yakasiyana, vanhu vari kushingaira vanosvuta panguva yemapapu emapapu avo vanoongororwa vari vashomanana.
Kuti urondedze mhando dzemukenza wemapapu zvinowanzoonekwa kune vasiri vasvuta, ngatitarirei mhando dzakasiyana dzekenza yemapapu.
Yakanga isina-Small Cell Lung Cancer vs Small Cell Lung Cancer
Kune miviri mikuru miviri yemapapu emapapu: kwete-duku kemukirini yemapapu emapapu uye mutana muduku wemukenza wemapapu.
Aya mazita anonzi mazita maererano nekuonekwa kwemasero emukenza pasi pe microscope, nediki kenza kanzura inoumbwa, hazvishamisi, zviduku, zvisingaoneki masero emapapu.
Ikosa-duku kenza yemukenza yemapapu inowanzoita 85 kusvika ku90 muzana yemakenza emapapu uye ndiyo inowanzove yakawanda yemhando yemukenza yemapapu inowanikwa kune vasina kusvuta. Izvo zvakare, zvichienderana nenhamba, iyo inowanzove yakawanda yemhando yemukenza wemapapu inowanikwa kune vanhu vanobvuta. Chirwere chediki chemapapu chemapapu chinokonzera 10 kusvika ku15 muzana yemukenza wemapapu uye inonyanyobatanidzwa zvikuru nekusvuta. Inofungidzirwa kuti inongova nechepakati pezanachete yevanhu vanoita chirwere chemapapu ichi havasati vambosvuta.
Mhando dzeChinyorwa Chechidiki-Chechi Lung Cancers uye Smoking Status
Chero-duku kenza yemukenza yemapapu inowedzera kuputsika kusvika mumhando mitatu yakasiyana:
Chirwere chinonzi adenocarcinoma ndiyo inowanzosiyana yekenza isiri duku yemapapu emapapu uye ndiyo inowanzosiyana neyemapapu emapapu inowanikwa kune vose vasina kusvuta uye vanosvuta. Icho chiriwo nemhando yakakurumbira yemukenza wemapapu mukati mevakadzi uye vechidiki vane chirwere chemapapu .
Lung adenocarcinoma inokwana makumi matatu emapfumbamwe emaperembudzi emapapu mumunhu anoputa, uye 40 muzana yevakadzi vanoputa. Kusiyana neizvi, rudzi urwu rwemarara hunokwana 60 muzana yemukenza wemapapu muvanhu vasina kusvuta uye 80 muzana yemukenza wemapapu muvakadzi vasina kusvuta.
Mamwe maitiro evanhu vasati vashoma emukenza wemapapu emapapu anosanganisira squamous cell carcinoma yemapapu inokonzera 25 kusvika ku30 muzana yemaserini esero mashoma emapapu uye kenza huru yemukenza yemapapu inowanikwa mu10 kusvika ku15 muzana yeasina duku masero emapapu kanzira. Izvozvo zvinokonzerwa nekenza zvose zvakajairika kune vanhu vatsva. Hasi mapepa ose anonyatsotsanangurwa neimwe yeiyo subtypes, uye zvinoita kuti mutezo wemapapu uve nezvikamu zvepapu adenocarcinoma uye squamous cell carcinoma ("adenosquamous"), pamwe chete nemamwe kusanganiswa kwechiremera chemaitiro.
Sei Vaisvuta uye Vasina Kusvuta Vanokurudzira Mhando Dzakasiyana-siyana dzeChancer Cancer?
Imwe misiyano inogona kuitika mumhando yemapapu emapapu inowanikwa nevasvuta nevasina kusvuta inogona kunge yakabatana nemimwe nzvimbo yemapapu inowanzobatwa nekenza yemapapu emapapu mubvunzo, kana iri utsi hwefodya, radon gas , makemikari emabasa , kana zvimwe kutsvaga.
Inogonawo kufananidzwa nemhando yemararamiro (DNA mutations) inokonzerwa nemamwe majekitini. Panguva ino mubvunzo uyu unoramba usina kupindurwa.
Zvinonakidza kuratidza kuti nekuwedzerwa kwezvipembenene kumidzanga, zvinowanzosiyana siyana uye nzvimbo dzekenza yemapapu dzakashandurwa. Makore apfuura, kanzira dzakadai secamous cell isina-duku yemukenza wemapapu emapapu uye mutana muduku wemukenza wemapapu waiva wakawanda. Izvozvo zvinokonzera kutanga mumhepo huru kupinda mumapapu (the bronchi.) Mushure mekutevedza kwakagamuchirwa, mapapu adenocarcinoma yakawanda zvikuru. Aya kanzura inowanzosimudza mukati uye pedyo nemhepo miduku midzi mumharapara yemapapu. Mhedziso ndeyokuti kuwedzerwa kwezvinosvibisa kumidzanga kwakaguma nemaduku maduku (carcinogens) achizununguka uye akaiswa mukati mukati memafunguro emhepo, asi pasina mafirita, makuru makuru anogona kubatwa mumhepo huru.
Dzimwe Nzira Dzakasiyana-siyana Dzechirwere Chechirwere Chinopesana Nevanhu Vasingasviki
Kenza yemaperembudzi mune vasiri kusvuta chirwere chakasiyana nenzira dzakawanda. Zvimwe zvekusiyana uku zvakabatana nemhando dzakasiyana dzekenza yemapapu. Semuenzaniso, duku masero emakemikari mapukamusi, rudzi rwakanyanya kufanana kune vanhu vakambosvuta, vanobatwa zvakasiyana zvakanyanya pane zvisiri zviduku zvekenza mapepa emapapu. Asi kunyange pakati pevanhu vane chirwere chakafanana, somuenzaniso, mapapu adenocarcinoma, pane kusiyana kwekuita kwekenza pakati pevanhu vakasvuta nevaya vasina kusvuta.
Vanhu vasiri kusvuta vangangodaro vanoporesa genetic mutations, zvakadai sekuchinja kweEGFR, rearrangement ye ALK, kana reRrang1 rearrangements. Kusiyana neizvi, vanhu vanoputa vangave nani kupindura kuzvirwerera kwemishonga. Immunotherapy mishonga inowanikwa kurapwa nemukenza wemapapu inoratidzika kuti inoshanda zviri nani kana kune dzimwe shanduko mumakirini emukenza, uye masero ekenza yevanhu vanoputa vanoita kuti vave nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinochinja.
Pasi Payo Pamusoro Pokusvuta uye Chirwere cheMukondombera
Kenza yemaperembudzi inogona kunge yakasiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nekuti munhu anenge ari kusvuta kusvuta, waimbova fodya, kana kuti haana kumboputa, uye chimwe chezvakasiyana izvi chiri mumhando dzakasiyana dzemukenza wemapapu inowanzoonekwa. Chirwere chinonzi adenocarcinoma, chimiro chemaitiro esiri duku chemukenza wemapapu chinonyanya kuitika muvanhu vasina kumboputa, asi vanhu vanoputa vanowanzova nekenza yemukiramu yemapapu kana chirwere chemapapu chemapapu, chimwe chimiro chekasi-duku chekenza yemapapu emapapu.
> Sources:
> Alberg, A., Brock, M., uye J. Ford. Epidemiology yeLung Cancer. Kuongororwa uye Kutungamirirwa kweLung Cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians Zviratidzo-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest . 2013. 143 (5 Kubatsira): e1S-e29S.