Kudzokera muma1991, vatsvakurudzi vakatanga kutanga kuona kuti vana vane autism vaiva nehupamhi hukuru kune avo vasina mamiriro ezvinhu. Kunyanya, zvidzidzo zvekudzoka shure zvinotevera vana vane makore 2 vane makore makumi mana vakaratidzira kuwedzera musoro kweropa uye uropi hwevhu.
Kubva pane izvi zvinyorwa, zvakange zvichinyatsofungidzirwa kuti kukura kweuropi kunogona kushandiswa sechimarker yekufananidzira kwekutanga kwe autism mucheche.
(Bhiomarker inobatana nemashoko okuti "biological" uye "marker" uye inoreva zviratidzo zvinangwa zvinogona kuyerwa nenzira yakarurama uye inogadziriswa.) Zvisinei, nguva yekuwedzerwa kweuropi uye ukama huri pakati pechinhu ichi nekuchinja kwekuchinja chimiro che autism spectrum disorder (ASD) chakanga chisingazivikanwi.
Tsvakurudzo mutsva yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi Nature inoratidza kuti uropi hunochinja hunoita kuti uropi huwedzere hutangotanga pamakore ekuberekwa kwemwedzi 6 muvana gare gare vakaonekwa vane autism. Iyi tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti pakutanga kufungidzira mafungiro (kureva, magnetic resonance imaging kana MRI ) muvana vari pangozi yekudzidzira autism kunogona kubatsira kufanotaura zvichaitika mune ramangwana remamiriro aya.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Inoongorora
Autism spectrum disorder inoreva zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakiriniki, unyanzvi, uye maitiro ekuremara. Heano mamwe maitiro anozivikanwa anoratidza autism :
- Kutambudzika kukurukurirana nevamwe
- Dambudziko kuyanana nevamwe
- Zvisingakoshi zvido kana mabasa
- Kudzokorora maitiro
- Inofungidzirwa
- Kunyanya kunetseka nezvinhu kana zvikamu zvezvinhu
- Kusava nekuzvipira
- Kukanganiswa kweziso-kwiso, kutarisa kwechiso, nekumirira muviri
- Chishuvo chisina kujairika kunzvimbo isina upenyu
- Dambudziko nekushanda kwevanhu, basa, uye hupenyu hwehupenyu
Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzotanga kuratidza makore anenge maviri-zvisati zvaitika nguva ino, autism haisi kunyatsoongororwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, vana vanopedzisira vawanikwa vane ASD pakati pemakore maviri nemakore matatu havawanzoita sokuti vane ASD gore risati rasvika rehupenyu.
Vamwe vanhu vane autism vanongorwara chete, zvakadai sevaya vane Asperger syndrome avo vanowanzotsanangurwa se "kushanda kwakakwirira." Vamwe vanhu vane autism vane hurema hwakakomba. Zvikamu makumi maviri kana kupfuura zvevana vane autism vanoenderera mberi kurarama hupenyu hunozviwanira uye huripo. Zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa zvakanaka zvinosanganisira mano ekukurukura achishandisa kutaura kwezera remakore mashanu kana matanhatu uye ruzivo rwusingazivikanwi ruzivo.
Kunyange zvazvo pasina mushonga kana mishonga chaiyo ye autism, zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kubatsira kuvandudza kushanda uye kuderedza zviratidzo. Kurapa kunoda mazano kubva kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ehutano hwehutano uye inotarisa pamagariro evanhu, mutauro, uye anogadzirisa (self-help).
Sangano reUnited States for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) rinofungidzira kuti mumwe chete muvana vana makumi matanhatu nematanhatu akaonekwa neAIDS, uye izvi zvinogadzirisa vanhu vanobva kumadzinza ose, madzinza, uye mararamiro evanhu. ASD inenge inenge 4.5 nguva inowanikwa mune vakomana kudarika nevanasikana.
Muvana ivavo vari pangozi yakakura kana avo vane hanzvadzi yakwegura ine ASD, mikana yekuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu inomira kune imwe muvashanu.
Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki zvakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwevhisiki, zviitiko zvakawanda hazvikwanisi kutariswa zvakare kuti zvizivikanwe kuti zviitiko zvehutachiona zvinokonzerwa kana zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana. Nokudaro, pane zvave zvichiri kufarira zvikuru mukuvandudzika kwemashoko asina mageneti ekuongororwa kuti ajekese ASD.
Inogona Kuita Basa Rokutanga Uhu hunotarisana neADD
Mune zvinyorwa zveshoko zvakataurwa pamusoro apa, vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa MRI kuongorora ubongo hwevana makumi mapfumbamwe vane ngozi dzehuropi hunochinja. Izvozvi vana vane ngozi yakawanda vaivewo nevakwegura vakwegura vane ASD.
Vacheche vakaongororwa pamwedzi mitanhatu, 12, uye 24. Uyezve, vatsvakurudzi vakaongorora ubongo hwevana 42 vari pangozi yeAIDS.
Zvigumi nemashanu zvevana vaduku vane ngozi dzakazoonekwa kuti vane ASD pamakore maviri. Muzvicheche izvi, kuchinja kwehuropi kwakatanga kuratidza pakati pemwedzi 6 ne12 yemakore. Uyezve, kuchinja uku kwakateverwa neuropi kukurira pakati pemwedzi 12 ne24. Kunyanya zvakanyanya, vanotsvakurudza vakaratidza kuti pakati pemwedzi 6 ne12 yezera remakore, pakanga pane kuwedzera kwehutori hwepamusoro penzvimbo dze occipital uye, kusvika pamwero muduku, maziso echekare uye epamberi yeuropi. Kukura kwekortical surface nzvimbo inenge yakaenzana nehukuru hwemapanga ari kunze kweuropi. Uye lop occital lobe inobatanidzwa mukugadziriswa kwemashoko ane pfungwa.
Iko kushanduka kwepamusoro penzvimbo ye cortex kwakabatanidzwa pakupera kwehuropi kwakapera uye pakuguma kunokanganisa kwehutano kuvana vakawanikwa vane ASD pamakore maviri emakore. Uyezve, muenzaniso uyu wekuwedzera-kufanana kwakafanana neyakajairika, kunyangwe wakadziviswa zvakanyanya, kuwedzera kwekortical surface nzvimbo inoonekwa mucheche asina autism.
Maererano nevatsvakurudzi:
"Kufanotaurira maitiro kwakagadzirwa kubva pamagariro ekugadzirisa mararamiro kubva paucheche hauna kupa simba rakakwana rokufananidzira kuti rishandise kliniki. Takaona kuti chidzidzo chekudzika-kudzidzira kunyanya kushandisa ruzivo rwepamusoro penzvimbo kubva muuropi MRI pamakore matanhatu nemwedzi gumi nemaviri akafanotaura kuti mwedzi makumi maviri nemasere unorwara hutachiona hwevana muhutano hwepamusoro hwemhuri ye autism. "
Kushandisa yakadzika-yekudzidza algorithm, vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti vanogona kufanotaura kuti autism mune vana vasere vevana gumi vari pangozi yehutano.
Zvinetso
Pasina mubvunzo, migumisiro yehuropi-yekuverenga zvidzidzo inonakidza uye inogona kunge iri kutamba-kutamba. Zvakare, maererano nevatsvakurudzi:
"Kuwana uku kunogona kunge kunobatsira pakuona nekupindira kwekutanga, zvichipiwa kuti nguva iyi isati yatanga kusungirirwa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa neAIDS uye nguva yakafanana yekuongorora. Chikamu chekupedzisira chemakore ekutanga nekumangwanani kwehupenyu chinoratidzirwa nehukuru hwepurasitiki huripo kune makore ekupedzisira uye inguva iyo kukanganisa kwevanhu kunobatana ne autism kunenge kusati kwanyatsosimbiswa. Kupindira panguva iyi kunogona kuve yakanyanyisa kupfuura gare gare mukubudirira. "
Mune mamwe mazwi, vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti sarudzo yavo inogona kuisa nzira yekutarisisa kwekare uye kupindira kwepakutanga muvana vane ngozi yakawanda-maitiro anokwanisa kuratidza kuti anoshanda nokuti ubongo hwecheche hunogona kuchinja uye hunochinja. Pakutanga kupindira kunogonawo kubatsira masayendisiti kuongororwa kwepamusoro kwekuedza uye kuona kana kurapwa kuri kushanda kare kare pane zvaiitika kare.
Parizvino, hazvizivikanwe kana kupindira kwepakutanga kunogona kuvandudza zvigumisiro zvekugadzirira kwenguva refu mune varwere vane autism. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinotsigira pfungwa yokuti kupindira kwakadaro kwekutanga kunopa mushonga pasinei nekushayikwa kwekutsvaga mundima.
Zvinonzwisisika, zvinokonzerwa neParent Autism Communication Trial (PACT) -kukuru uye yakareba kwenguva refu yekugadzirisa kwevidism kusvika ikozvino-kutsigira iyo kudzidzisa vabereki vevana vane autism nzira yekubatana nayo nevana vavo inopa rubatsiro runogona kuwedzera kwemakore.
Zvisinei, mazano ekudzidzisa aya aireva kuvabereki vevana vane chekuita autism vane makore maviri nemakumi mana uye kwete vana ivo pachavo . Uyezve, migumisiro yezvipindira izvi yakaderera nekufamba kwenguva uye yakanga isina mubvunzo. Panzvimbo yekuderedza kushungurudzika, iyo PACT inopindira yakaderedza kugadzikana kwekuzvibata nekuvandudza unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana.
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti uropi-kuongorora kuongorora vana vari pangozi yekuvandudza ASD uye kwete huwandu huwandu hwevana vane ASD vasina vana vakwegura vane chirwere. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa iri rinopa uchapupu hwepfungwa iyo inogona kushandiswa kune vamwe vari panjodzi yeAIDS. Kuti ishandiswe kune vanhu vakawanda, zvisinei, kukura kwe "kukura-chati yeuropi" iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya inofanira kuonekwa-chimwe chinhu chiri kure kwazvo.
Uyezve, zvisati zvawanikwa izvi zvine kliniki yekushanda, zvidzidzo zvekutevera zvinoda kuitwa kuitira kutsigira tsvakurudzo idzi. Ongororo inotevera inofanirawo kuongorora kana zvigadziro zvekugadzirisa kwemazuva ano zvingave zvakabatanidzwa nemamwe marudzi ekufungidzira, kusanganisira maitiro, electrophysiology, molecular genetics, nemamwe mafungiro ekufananidzira, akadai sehutano hwakakwana hweMRI. Nyaya, sezvakataurwa kare, isu tisati tanyatsonzwisisa kuchinja kwemashoko ehutachiona hunokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemhosva dzevhisi. Zvisinei, kuongororwa kwezvakaberekwa zvakadai kunoramba kuri nzvimbo inoshanda yekutsvakurudza uye kufarira kune vakawanda.
Pakupedzisira, kusiyana kweMRI scan and data-extraction nzira dzaigona kuita kudzokorora kwezviwanikwa izvi zvakaoma. Mune mamwe mazwi, MRI scanners yakasiyana uye kusiyana uku kunogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kuverenga zvakajeka, asi zvinokosha, kuchinja kunoonekwa mune zvidzidzo zvino.
> Sources
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