"Gore rekumusoro, rinokurumidza" ndiyo shoma shoma reSukulight Saving Time (DST), chinangwa chiri munyika dzakawanda chinotarisirwa kuchengetedza simba nekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemasikati. Asi chii chinonyanya kukosha kwekugadzirisa kuchinja kwenyama yedu yemaawa, kuhutano hwedu uye kurarama kwenguva refu?
Nhoroondo yeDST
Yakatangwa munguva yeHondo Yenyika I kuti ichengetedze simba yekugadzira, Zuva rekuchengetedza Nguva raisanganisira kutamisa awa imwe awa imwe mberi kweState Time muna March, kuzoshandisa masikati masikati manheru.
Mukuwa kweawa, maawa akadzoka shure kweawa (kudzokera ku Standard Time), kuti ave nehuwandu hwemasikati munguva yemangwanani mwedzi yechando. Kunyange zvazvo kuomerera kweZuva Rokuchengetedza Nguva rakanga riri ruvara rwemakore mazhinji, mamiriyoni evanhu iye zvino ari kushandisa nguva yekuchinja. MuEurope, urongwa hunonzi Europe Summer Time. Inokurudzirwa netariro yekuwedzera mari yekuchengetedza simba, muna 2005 maUnited States akatumira kuwedzerwa kweSikatilight Saving Time nemavhiki mana, kutambisa nguva yekudzokera shure kusvika munaNovember.
Vatsigiri vekushandura maawa nguva dzose - kuwedzera chiedza chemasikati kusvika manheru - vanopikisa kuti inosimudzira hutano huri nani kuvana nevakuru, kuburikidza nekuita zvakawanda zvekuzorodza nekuita mabasa kunze.
Kurara Kurara uye Utano Hwepfungwa
Kunyange zvazvo kurasikirwa kweawa imwe - kana kuwana - kwekurara kungaita sediki, kune uchapupu hwokuti kuchinja kweawa yedu yakaenzana nenzvimbo imwe nguva kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakasiyana-siyana pamamiriro edu epfungwa, kunyanya kune vanhu vanotambura kuora mwoyo.
Semuenzaniso, kuongorora kweAustralia yedhesi kubva muna 1971-2001 yakawana kuwedzera kwevarume kuzviuraya mushure mekushanduka kwemasikati kusvika kuZuva reSaving Time, zvichienzaniswa nemamwe gore rose. Chidzidzo che2008, chakabudiswa muhope uye Biological Rhythms , chinoratidza kuti zvinogona kunge zvichiitika nekuda kwekurara kwekurara nekuvhiringidzika mune zvidzidzo 'kurara / kumhanya, kana circadian rhythm .
Vatsvakurudzi vanotsanangurawo dhenda rekare pamusoro pematanda akawanda emapatya - mune rimwe jaya rine bipolar disorder - kuratidza kukanganisa kukuru kwekuchinja kwemazuva mumafungiro emapatya akabatwa.
Njodzi dzeMigwagwa Mushure mekunge Nguva Ichishanduka MuChirungu
Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzakaratidza kuti njodzi dzemigwagwa uye kukwikwidzana kunomuka pakarepo mushure mokunge Daylight Saving Time inotanga muna March, zvichireva kuwedzera kune vanotyaira vanorara vachitambura nekurasikirwa kwevhavha-eye. Zvisinei, hazvisi zvose zvitsvakurudzo zvitsva zvinogara zvichienderana. Somuenzaniso, kubvunzurudzwa kwe2007 kwakabudiswa muThe BE Journal Economic Economic Analysis & Policy kwakaongorora nguva pfupi uye kwenguva yakareba migumisiro yezviitiko zvemigwagwa, yekushandura kwaSikatilight Saving Time mugore. Vatsvakurudzi, kubva kuRAND Corporation, vakaongorora dambudziko re US crash pamusoro pemakore 28, kubva muna 1976 kusvika ku33. Zviwanikwa? Kufambisa nguva yepamberi hakuna kuita musiyano mukuru kune nhamba dzezviitiko zvemotokari munguva pfupi. Kupera kwemadiki kwenguva refu kwakawanikwa, asi zvakadaro, mumatambudziko ose anosanganisira vanofamba-famba (pasi 8-11%), uye iyo inosanganisira mamwe motokari (6-10%).
Chii Chinoitika Apo Clock Inodzoka?
Kudzokera kuZvino Nguva mukuwa kunopa vanhu nguva yakawanda yokurara , asi maererano nekuongorora kwevadzidzisi vaviri kubva kuCarnegie Mellon University muPittsburgh, PA, kuchinja kunogona kuva nengozi - kunyanya, kune vanofamba-famba.
Vaporofesa Paul Fischbeck naDavid Gerard vakanyora deta yakazara yematokari ematare uye vakapa dhenda yavo kune dzimwe nhengo dzehurumende dzeUnited States. Ivo vakafananidza nematokari emigwagwa muSouth America mumwedzi weChishanu, neavo munaNovember. Kunyange zvazvo pasina kumhanyira pakakoromoka kwakawanikwa nekuda kwezvitokisi, kuwedzera kwakakomba - kanenge katatu dambudziko-rakaonekwa mukufa kwevatambi vanofamba pakati pe5: 00 ne6: 00 masikati, mumasvondo anotevera nguva yekuwa kwekuchinja. Mukati pakati pe1999 na2005, avhareji yevamwe vanhu makumi matatu nekufa vakafambisa chikepe vakaitika munenge muna 6 masikati munaNovember, vachienzaniswa nemwedzi wapfuura.
Fischbeck inokonzera kuwedzera kwekushaya kwezuva. "Vanhu havasi kushandiswa kutyaira murima," anonditaurira. "Nyoka yacho yakaipisisa kwemavhiki maviri mushure mekushanduka kwemazuva, zvino inodonha zvakare muna December kusvika kune maitiro akajairika."
Muchirimo, Fischbeck anoti, zvakashata ndezvechokwadi: kune dzimwe ngozi dzemotokari munguva yemangwanani inopera mushure meSikatilight Saving Time inotanga nokuti vatyairi vepakutanga vadzokazve murima. Nhoroondo yake inoratidza kuwedzera kwekufa kwevanhu vanofamba pedo mukati megore kunopera kukura kwekufa kunowanikwa panguva yemanheru nguva inotyisa mushure mekunge nguva yaNovember ishanduka.
Chii chaunofanira kuita pamatare aya? Zvinoratidzika kuti miviri yedu inotora nguva yakareba kuti ichinje kune imwe nguva yenguva yashanduko, kupfuura zvisiketi zvedu. Chenjerera kuwana hope yakakwana panguva idzi dzegore, uye tarisa nzira mbiri, usati wayambuka mumugwagwa muawa inokurumidza.
Sources:
M Lambe. (2000) Kuchinja kune uye kubva pakusvikirwa kwemazuva uye kuparadza kwemotokari. Kuongorora Njodzi Nokudzivirira 32: 4, 609-611.
Mayer Hillman. "Mazuva masikati, hutano hwakanaka: nei tisingafaniri kuisa maawa kumashure kwevhiki rino." BMJ 2010; 34.
Michael Berk, Seetal Dodd, Karen Hallam, Lesley Berk, John Gleeson, Margaret Henry. "Kushandura zviduku mumitambo yekutengesa kunobatanidza nekuwedzera kwekuzviuraya: Kusvikirwa kwekuchengetedza masikati." Kurara uye Zvigadzirwa zveMweya 2008; 6: 22-25.
Paul Fischbeck. Purofesa weSocial and Decision Sciences / Engineering uye Public Policy. Carnegie Mellon University. Kukurukurirana pachedu November 5, 2012.
Sood, Neeraj uye Ghosh, Arkadipta. "Mhedziso Yenguva Pfupi uye Yakareba Yemazuva Ekuchengetedza Nguva Pakuuraya Kurasikirwa Kwemotokari. The BE Journal Economic Economic Analysis & Policy. ISSN 1935-1682, 02/2007, Bhuku 7, Nyaya 1, peji. 11.