Kufanana nerudo uye muchato, uye sepanut butter uye jelly, zombies uye ubongo zvinopinda pamwechete. Chero ani zvake anoita kunyange kunyange hafu-ine zombie rinokanganisa mafungiro anofanira kusanganisira izwi rinogomera, "braaaaaiiiiinns." Asi nei Zombies inofarira ubongo nenzira yavanoita? Uye chii chiri kuitika muhupenyu hweZombies?
Vanotsvakurudza Bradley Voytek, Ph.D., naTim Verstynen, Ph.D., vari nhengo dzeZombie Research Society, sangano rakajeka rakazvipira kushandiswa kwemauroscience chaiyo kutsanangura tsanangudzo zombie uropi.
Vanoswedera kuuropi dze zombie sevana vezveuropiti vanoenda kune chero murwere: nekucherechedza zviratidzo uye zviratidzo, zvino kuongorora kuti zvipi zvehuropi zvinofanira kukanganisa kugadzira matambudziko aya eurological.
Sezvo vanotsvakurudza vanojekesa, uye ini ndichadzokorora pano, basa iri harina kuitirwa nenzira ipi zvayo yekuderedza zviratidzo zvevaya vanotambura nehutano hwepfungwa, kana kuti kudana avo vakaurayiwa nehosha iyo "zombie-like." Pane kudaro, iyo mikukumbiro yekukurudzira kufunga pamusoro pezvinetso izvi, nekuwedzera kunzwisisa kwezvinetso zviri pasi.
Zviratidzo muBongo reZombies
Dr. Voytek naDkt. Verstynen vakaunganidza zviratidzo zvinowanikwa neZombies mu chirwere chinonzi chizivo-kukanganisa hypoactivity disorder (CDHD). Zviratidzo zveyi fictional syndrome, pamwe nekutsanangurwa kwakanyatsojeka, kusanganisira zvinotevera:
1) Kushushikana-Kushingaira Kwekuita
Wati wamboona zombie inofara here?
Aiwa, maZombi mumabhaisikopo anowanzoputika semakadhakwa akatsamwa uye zvichida anoramba achitambura nemhando yakadaro yekunaka, kusadzora hasha. I-prefrontal cortex inharaunda yeuropi inodzora manzwiro, uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvevadzidzisi vechisimba zvakaratidza kusakanganiswa kwemuhara ino. Nyaya yakakurumbira yaPineas Gage yaibatanidza munyoro munyoro uyo akawana njodzi kune iyi nzvimbo yeuropi ndokubva ava kunyanyisa uye akaoma.
Zvimwe Zombies dzinotambura zvakafanana neurodegenerative fate.
2) Kufamba Kwechikepe
Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva vachidaidzwa kuti "kufamba vakafa," zombies haifambi zvakanyanya sezvinoita mapuranga kana kuvhara. Zombies haisi mufananidzo wenyasha. Mafambiro e-zombie akafanana neaaconic gait iyo inogona kuonekwa nekukuvadza kwe cerebellum, chimiro chakaita seholiflower kumashure kweuropi. Asi zvakadini neZombies dzinotsvaga, sezvinoonekwa mufirimu 28 Mazuva Gare gare ? Mumhando iyi ye zombie, cerebellum inogona kuwedzera.
3) Kukanganwa Kwemazuva Ekure
Zombies dzinowanzoita kuti zvive nyore kutsauswa. Zvichida kuti zombies dzine rudzi rwe anterograde amnesia. Iyi syndrome yakaratidzwa mumufirimu Memento uye yakave nemuongorori chaiye anonzi HM mushure mokunge hippocampi yake yose yakabviswa chirwere mumakore ekuma1950, mukuedza kumisa kugumburwa kwake. Chigumisiro chakanga chisisakwanisi kurangarira chero chinhu chinopfuura maminitsi mashomanana panguva. Humwe mavitamini anoshaya anogona kutungamirira kuWernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, iyo inoratidzirwa nekuyeuka kukanganisa.
4) Kutadza Mutauro
Zombies haisi mikuru mikuru. Pakupedzisira, vangave vachida kutaura, "bongo." Uyezve, zombies hazviiti sekunzwisisa mirairo yakaita se "stop" kana "kwete." Imwe nyanzvi yezveuropi inogona kutaura kuti maZombi anotambura nea expressive uye aneptive aphasia , zvichireva kuti havagone kubudisa kana kunzwisisa mutauro.
Izvi zvingangodaro zvinoratidza kukuvadza kune hukuru hwemaodzanyemba (kuruoko rworuboshwe mune vanhu vanopfuura 90 kubva muzana), kusanganisira nzvimbo yaWernicke yekugamuchira apasia uye Broca nzvimbo yekujekesa apasia.
5) Kuzvimirira / Zvimwe Kuora
Ndezvipi zvingaitika kuti Zombies hazvizivi vanhu vaimbove vaine avo vekare? Pane kudaro, shamwari yavo yekare yava kuonekwa semasikati. Zvichida Zombies ndeyekunyengera: vanotenda zvisingaiti chokwadi. Muenzaniso ndeweCapgras kudengenyeka, mune mumwe munhu anozivikanwa anotendwa kuti akatsiviwa nemunhu anonyengera. Zvichida maZombies ane chimwe chinhu chakavabvumira kuti vaone chimiro chevanhu, asi havazivi kuti muviri iwoyo seumwe munhu waive pedyo navo.
6) Yakaderedza Pain Perception
Hazvina mhosva kuti iwe unokanda sei zombie, zombie inoramba ichiuya. Hazvina mhosva kana zombie yakadururwa, yakarasikirwa noruoko, uye inopisa moto-icharamba ichiuya. Vanozviita sei?
Zvimwe Zombies haichazonzwisisi kurwadziwa. Iyo yeuroanatomy yekurwadziwa yakaoma, asi inosanganisira cortex yepamatosory in parietal lobe, nzvimbo inobatanidzwa nezvose zvinonzwa. Dharaunda dzakadai se insula uye cingulate cortex vanobatanidza kuipa kunorwadza kunorwadza. Sezvo zombies dzisingambooneki seine manzwiro ehupenyu pamarwadzo avo, Dr. Voytek naDkt Verstynen vakaratidza kuti iyi ndiyo nzira yechipiri inonyanya kuitika mu zombie pathology. Zombies zvino inogona kunyanya kurwadziwa, asi ivo vangave vasina hanya nayo.
7) Stimulus-Yakachengetedzwa
Zombies vane chido chokugadzirisa. Pavanokutsvaka, havazivi zvimwe zvose. Kana chimwe chinhu chinogona kubvisa pfungwa dzavo-sezvakaita moto unoshandiswa muGeorge Romero's Land of the Dead -iwe wakachengeteka kwekanguva, sezvo zombies dzinoratidzika kukanganwa kuvapo kwako kwechinguva. Kuvhiringidza kubhadhara kune chimwe chinhu chimwechete panguva imwe kunogona kuitika nekukuvadzwa kune parietal lobe. Zvimwewo, kukanganiswa kwehukama hwepakati pezvi lobes idzi kunogona kukonzera kuremara uku.
8) Nyama Kuderedza
Zombie inoda nyama yemunhu ishu chisingachinjiki. Iyo zombie inofamba nemumoto, mvura, uye chisingaverengeki chando, nhengo dzengozi uye chii--ku-hupenyu-zvose kuti zvipe zvokudya zvayo zvisingaverengeki. Maitiro aya akafanana nemudzvinyiriri wezvinodhaka anodiwa kuti agadzirise zvakare, uye zvichida anosanganisira nzira imwe chete muuropi. Dopamine-kusunungura masero anotumira matavi anobva mukatikati memvura uye anotenderera achienda kune nucleus accumbens pamberi peuropi. Nzira iyi inonyanya kushandiswa muzvikamu zvekutanga zve rudo rukuru .
9) Nzara isina simba
Zombies vanoda kudya. Ichokwadi, zvisinei kuti vangani vehama dzako kana nhengo dzemhuri zombie yave yatopedza, pane nguva dzose inenge iine nzvimbo yako, zvakare. Izvi zvinogona kuguma kubva pane dambudziko mu hypothalamus, chikamu cheropi chinotungamirira zvinotungamirira zvinosanganisira nzara, nyota, kutonhora kwekushisa, uye kurara. Icho chinotyisa chinokonzerwa ne hypothalamus controls satiety, kunzwa kwakakwana kwakakwana. Kana chivakwa ichi chakanga chaparadzwa, zombie haizombofi dzakanzwa. Imwe tsananguro inoshandiswa ndeyekunyora kwenguva. Kukuvadza kwekodzero yekugara kwenguva yakatarisa, kunyanya, inoratidzika kunge inobatanidzwa nemafungiro ekuda kudya.
Pakupedzisira, uropi hwe zombie huchashaikwa huzhinji hwezvikamu zvehuropi dzinozivikanwa sezvikwata-iyo, nzvimbo dzatinoshandisa pfungwa dzakakwirira pamwechete. Panofungidzira, iyi ndiyo nzvimbo dzinoita kuti tive nekuziva kwevanhu. Zvakawanda zvezvivako zvinoshandiswa zvikamu zvekufambisa kwedunhu rePapez-neuronal rakarondedzerwa makore anopfuura 75 apfuura ndokufunga kuti rinobatanidzwa nemanzwiro nekuyeuka. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mutachiona anotapukira, akadai sehutachiona kana prion iyo inopararira kuburikidza nematunhu aya, inogona kubereka chirwere chakanyanya kufanana neCDHD.
Dr. Voytek naVerstynen havasi ivo voga vanotsvakurudza vanofarira kuti zombie brain dzinoshanda sei. Vamwe, vakadai saDkt. Steven C. Schlozman paHarvard University, vakanyorawo pamusoro penyaya, uye vanobvumirana pamusoro pekuderera kweiyo inonzi lobe neyekupedzisira. Dr. Schlozman anosarudza izwi rokuti Ataxic Neurodegenerative Satiety Deficiency Syndrome (ANSD). Pasinei nokuti iwe unonzi "ANSD, CDHD," kana kuti zombism, pfungwa yacho ndeyokuti kana chirwere chakadai chisingaiti, hachibviri. Kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzouropi dzaifanira kuparadzwa-zvichida nehutachiona hunotapukira sehutachiona kana kuti prion-munhu wacho angave achiita nenzira yakangofanana ne zombie inofanirwa.
Zvechokwadi, izvi hazvisi chinhu chimwe chete sekudzosa vakafa. Asi chinangwa chemapurojekiti aya ndeche rudzi rwakasiyana rwemumutsiriro: chinangwa cheZombie Research Society ndechokupinza hupenyu humwe muhurukuro yakawanda vanhu vakawanda vanokanganisa kutenda ndoruvengo, uye nokudaro vanomutsidzira kufarira muurourocience kuburikidza nehutano hwekunyika -kusataura nezvekuve nehumwe hupenzi hwevanhu hunofadza.
Sources :
AH Ropper, Samuels MA. Adams naVictor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.
Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy kuburikidza neCliniki Cases. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
M. Sollberger, K. Rankin, B. Miller (2010). Social cognition. Kuenderera mberi Kwoupenyu Hwose Neurol, 16 (4), 69-85