Chifuva ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti vanhu vaende kuchiremba wavo mukuru. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kukokora kwave kwemavhiki mashoma matatu uye kunonzi "kuora mwoyo kwakanyanya." Chifukidziro chakagara kwemavhiki matatu nere masere chinonzi "chifukidziro chakanyanya." Uye nekukanganiswa kwave kuchienderera mberi masvondo anopfuura masere anonzi "chishuvo chisingaperi."
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanhu vave vachikanda kwemakore, chikonzero chekukanganiswa chinogona kugadziridzwa mune zvinenge 90% zvezviitiko izvi.
Kurapa kwekukanganiswa kunobatsira kubudirira kwezinga re 85%, uye naizvozvo, kurapa kunofanirwa kuve nechinangwa chechikonzero chinokonzera, pane kungova mishonga inobata chifukidzi kwechinguva.
Chii Chinokonzera Chigumbu?
Chikonzero chekukanganiswa chinotarisana nekureba kwechiratidzo chave chiripo. Semuenzaniso, zvikonzero zvekukanganiswa kwakanyanya zvingave zvakasiyana zvikuru nezvinokonzerwa nekukanganisika kusingaperi. Muchikamu chinenge 25 kubva muzana chechirwere chisingaperi, pane zvinenge zviviri zvirwere zvinokonzera kukanganisa mumunhu.
Chii Chinokonzera Kucheka Kwakanyanya?
Zvikonzero zvinonyanya kukosha zvekukanganiswa kukuru zvinosanganisira:
- Iyo inotonhora
- Acute sinusitis
- Pertussis (anokwidza kukwezva)
- Chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere chepemmoni ( COPD ) kuwedzera
- Allergic rhinitis
- Kwete-allergenic rhinitis
Chikonzero chekukanganiswa kwakanyanya kazhinji kunotsanangurwa nenhau yemunhu uye kuongorora muviri. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzichashandisa antihistamine / decongestant kusanganiswa (yakadai seD Dimetapp kana kuti yakaenzana inowanzoita) mukurapa kukanganiswa kwakanyanya pamusana pefodya.
Zvitsva antihistamines / decongestants, zvakadai saClaritin-D (loratadine / pseudoephedrine), hazviiti seinobatsira.
Vanhu vanoenderera mberi vachifukidzwa pasinei nekurapa kwechirwere chinowanikwa, kana kuti vane zvimwe zviratidzo zvechirwere sinusitis, vanopiwa maitiro emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoratidzira sinusitis sechikonzero chekukanganiswa kukuru.
Vana vanoita sevanonyanya kugadzirirwa kuva nechikomba sechiratidzo choga chetachiona chechi sinus.
Vaya vane chirwere cheCOPD (emphysema kana chronic chronic bronchitis) vanogona kunge vakanyanya kukura nekukanganiswa, kufema kwekufemerwa, kuputika uye kuchinja mumakisi ekugadzira uye marara. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanzopiwa kuvanhu ava vane chifuva chakanyanya.
Uyo anokora chifuva , kana Pertussis, ari kuwedzera mune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye kupemha haisi nguva dzose inopa kudzivirira kwakakwana. Vanhu vane Pertussis vachave nezvikamu zvakakomba zvekukanganiswa, kazhinji nekurutsa mushure mekukanganiswa. Mishonga nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inobatsira kana yakapiwa kare muchirwere; Zvimwe, kukorodzwa kunogona kuva kusingaperi uye kunopera kwemavhiki akawanda.
Rhinitis (allergic uye kwete-allergenic ) inogonawo kukonzera chifukidziro chakakonzerwa nekuchera mushure (nasina kuputika kubva pamusana wemhino muhuro). Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kunge zvakakanganisika zvakanyanya kubva pamusoro apa uye zvepamusoro wehuro inobvisa rudzi rwekukanganiswa. Allergic rhinitis inopindura kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinorapwa zvisiri izvo asi kwete-allergenic rhinitis inogona kungopindura kune avo vanopinda mucheturasi kana mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yemishonga inonzi nasal sprays.
Zvisiri zvishoma, asi zvakanyanya kukonzera, zvinokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwakanyanya zvinosanganisira kushaya mwoyo , pulmonary embolism , pneumonia uye kuwana chinhu chekunze chakagara mumapapu ( aspiration ).
Ndezvipi Zvinokonzerwa neChinhwa Chakanyanya?
Nokuda kwechifuva chakagara kwemavhiki matatu ne8, zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika ndezvi:
- Kutapura-kutapukisa
- Acute sinusitis
- Asthma
Chirwere chinopfurikidza nekuputika chinokanganisa chakaramba chichibuda mushure mekunge kune hutano kana humwe hutachiona hwehutachiona hutachiona, umo pasina pneumonia. Iyo inogona kuva mugumisiro wepasipo-kumisa kunyura kana kuti bronchitis. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa pasina kurapwa kana kuti zvingava acute sinusitis inoda maantibiotic. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzichapa muedzo we decongestant / antihistamine kusangana (zvakadai seD Dimetapp kana kuti yakafanana yakafanana) kwevhiki imwe chete, uye kana izvi zvisingakwanisi, kuedzwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Kana munhuwo achinyunyuta nezvekufema, kufema, kana chifu chisimbiso, ipapo chirwere chinogona kuva chikonzero chekukanganiswa. Zvirwere zvinoshandiswa pakurapwa zvechirwere zvingadai zvichipiwa.
Chii Chinokonzera Chirwere Chisingaperi?
Chifukidziro chinogara kwemavhiki anopfuura masere chinonzi chirwere chisingaperi. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuve nekukanganiswa kusingaperi kwemakore, uye kurapwa kungave kusingabudiriri. Kune vanhu ava, kutumira kune anoristorist kana pulmonologist (chiremba anonyanya mumapapu) anofanira kuitwa, sechirwere chekurapa kunogona kudiwa.
Zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvechirwere chisingaperi chinosanganisira:
- Kudonha mushure-kumvura (phlegm inodonha kubva kumashure emhino kupinda mumutsipa)
- Chirwere (uye chifukidzi-chinonzi asthma)
- Gastroesophageal reflux chirwere (GERD)
- Eosinophilic bronchitis
- Mishonga-induced ( ACE inhibitors )
- Kusvuta
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinokurudzira kuita chifukidzo che X-raire uye katsana yekati yemasisiti sechikamu chekuongororwa kwechirwere chisingaperi. Nyanzvi (allergists uye pulmonologists) ichaitawo kuongororwa kwakananga kwepifma. Kana chifukidzo che X-ray chiri chekare, izvo zviri pamusoro zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwezvizhinji zvezvirwere zvekugara kwenguva refu.
Chiremba achaita nhoroondo uye kuongorora kwepanyama, izvo zvingaita kuti tinyatsoziva chinokonzerwa nekukanganisika kusingaperi. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvingave zvakakosha kupa miedzo yekurapa kwepamusoro, sezvo kuongorora kwepanyama kusingagoni kupa mhinduro kune chikonzero chekukanganiswa.
Irritants nemishonga. Vanhu vanoita utsi kana avo vanoratidzirwa nehasha kune basa kana kufara kunofanira kudzivisa izvi zvinokonzera. Mishonga yakadai seACE inhibitors (ropa ropa remishonga yakadai sa lisinopril nemamwe akawanda, nemazita evanhu vose vanopera mu "pril") zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvinokonzera kukohwa uye inofanira kuchinjwa nachiremba kune rimwe rudzi rwemishonga. Chifukidziro chinogona kugara kwemasvondo mana mushure mokunge ACE inhibitor yakamira.
Post-nasal drip. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kukanganiswa kwenguva refu. Kudonha kwemashure-kumasasa , kana iripo munhoroondo (kumhorera-kubvisa) kana pamuviri wekuongorora, inogona kurapwa ne decongestant / antihistamine kusanganiswa (sepamusoro mukukanganiswa kwakanyanya) uye mishonga inonzi nasal spray (yakadai steroid nasal). Kana mishonga iyi isingabatsiri, zvingave zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti mushure mekusava nemvura hakuiti nekuda kwehutachiona hwechi sinus kuburikidza nekuita shato yekatusi.
Asthma. Chirwere ichi ndicho chikonzero chechipiri chinowanzokonzera chirwere chisingaperi. Chifukidziro chinogona kunge chichi chiratidzo choga chemafi, kunyange zvazvo vanhu vazhinji vachanyunyutawo nezvekufema uye kuperevedza kufema zvakare. Kuongororwa kwakakosha, kusanganisira spirometry uye zvidzidzo zvebrocoprovocation, zvinogona kubatsira kuziva kana kukorodzwa kunokonzerwa nechirwere. Zvisinei, iyi miedzo inogona kuva yakasununguka, saka kuedzwa kwechirwere chemafi (zvakadai steroid inhaled) inogona kudiwa kwemaminitsi anenge 1-2.
GERD. GERD ndicho chikonzero chechitatu chinowanzokonzera chirwere chisingaperi, uye vazhinji vevanhu vane rudzi urwu rwekukanganwa havazivi kuti vane GERD. Chimwe chimiro cheGERD, chinonzi laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), chinokonzera chifukidziro nezwi rinoputika uye nehuro kuchenesa. Kuongororwa kwakakosha kunogona kuitirwa GERD neLPR, asi mumhando dzinokonzera chifukidziro, izvi zvinogona kudhura uye hazvishamisi. Chiyero cherapi yeGERD neLPR (kurapwa kunowanzofanana), kazhinji kwevhiki dzakawanda kusvika mwedzi, zvinogona kudiwa kuti chifukidziro chigadzirise.
Eosinophilic bronchitis. Ichi chimiro chekusingaperi chigofu chinowanikwa kusvika 13 kubva muzana yevanhu uye chinogona kuongororwa nekutarisa sputum yemunhu (phlegm) pasi pe microscope. Nemhaka yokuti hapana humwe huongorori hunowanikwa kuti huongorore urudzi urwu rwekukanganiswa, muedzo we shaidha inhaled (kwemwedzi miviri) inowanzotora chikamu chemishonga inopiwa kune munhu ane chigofu chisingaperi kana chikonzero chisingaoneki nyore.
Kana kukanganisa kunopfuurira pasinei nepamusoro apa, kutumira kune mumwe nyanzvi (allergist kana pulmonologist) inogona kudiwa kuti iwedzere kuongororwa. Zvishoma zvishoma zvinokonzerwa nekugara chifukidziro zvinosanganisira tsika yekukanganiswa (nervous tic), nzeve yekunzwa (kana imwe mimwe mimwe mimwe nyika) inobata munzeve, Tourette's syndrome , marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakenza emapapu , kushaya mwoyo, zvirwere zvemapapu emukati, nezvimwewo.
> Sources:
> Irwin RS, Madison JM. Kuziva uye Kurapa Kwechigumbu. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 1715-21.
> Weldon DR. Kusiyanisa Kuziva Kuora Kwechigarire. Allergy uye Asthma Proc. 2005; 26: 345-51.