Chimwe Chekare Chirwere Chinoramba Chichienderera Kushivirira
Yakanga iri muna 1873, uye Dr. Armauer Hansen weNorway akanga ane nhau dzinoshamisa kunyika: maperembudzi akonzerwa nebhakitiriya ( Mycobacterium leprae ). Kusvikira panguva iyo, chirwere chacho chaifungidzirwa kuti chakabva mukutukwa kana mufambiro wezvitadzo, unowanzotaurwa muBhaibheri.
Kuwanda
Maperembudzi, anozivikanwa seHansen's Disease , achiripo nhasi. Maererano neWorld Health Organization (WHO), kupararira kwepasi rose kwemaperembudzi pakutanga kwegore ra2014 kwakange kune 180 000 maitiro mashoma uye kupfuura 215 000 mitsva.
Vanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu vakaporeswa sezvo zvirwere zvakatanga kuwanika muma1980, asi maperembudzi achiri kukonzera kushandura kana kuparadza vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri.
Transmission
Mishonga yemazuva ano inotitaurira kuti maperembudzi anopararira apo munhu asina kutapurirwa ane hutachiona anokwezva kana kuti anokwidza, (asi kwete nekuita zvepabonde kana pamuviri.Asi zvakadaro, maperembudzi haapi kupararira zvikuru) Inenge 95% yevanhu vane utachiona hwechirwere chechirwere.
Vanhu vane maperembudzi avo vanorapwa nemishonga havadi kuve vari voga kubva munzanga. Nemhaka yokusanzwisisa chirwere chacho, munguva yakapfuura, vanhu vane maperembudzi vakatumirwa ku "leper colonies" kune zviwi zviri kure kana mune zvipatara zvakasiyana.
Zviratidzo nezviratidzo
Chiratidzo chepakutanga chemaperembudzi kazhinji kacho pane ganda iro rinogona kunge rakatsvuka, rakasviba, kana kuti chiedza kupfuura ganda revanhu. Iyo nzvimbo inogona kurasikirwa nekunzwa uye vhudzi. Mune vamwe vanhu, chiratidzo bedzi chinopera mumunwe kana munwe.
Kana isina kusiya, maperembudzi anogona kufambira mberi kuti aite zvinokonzera kukanganisa pamuviri, kusanganisira:
- Maoko netsoka - Bhakitiriya yemaperembudzi inorwisa mitsipa mumaoko netsoka uye inoita kuti vashande. Munhu anogona kutora kana kupisa pane zvikamu zvisina simba uye asingazvizivi, zvichiita kuti zvirwere zvinokonzera kukuvara zvachose. Zvigunwe uye zvigunwe zvingave zvakarasika kune utachiona. Zvirwere zvakakomba mumakumbo zvingada kubviswa. Kuoma muviri kunogona kuita kuti minwe nezvigunwe zvigadzire zvachose.
- Meso - Maperembudzi emaperembudzi anorwisa mitsetse yakakomberedza maziso, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwekanyangadza reflex (iyo inochengetedza ziso kubva mukukuvara uye inonamatira pamusoro). Meso anooma uye ane utachiona, uye bofu hunogona kuitika. Nemhaka yekushaya simba kweriso, munhu wacho haagoni kunzwa manyawi mumakumbo maziso.
- Kutarisana - Kukuvadza kwepakati mukati memhino kunokonzera kupera uye pakupedzisira kupera kwemhino.
Kuziva
Maperembudzi anotaridzirwa nokutora sampu yeganda ( biopsy ) nekuiongorora pasi pe microscope, kutsvaga maperembudzi emaperembudzi. Chimwe chiedzo chinoshandiswa kuti chiongororwe cheganda smear. Chisikwa chiduku chinoitwa muganda uye zvishoma zviduku zvinoshandiswa zvinotorwa. Izvi zvinoongororwa pasi pe microscope yekuvapo kwemaperembudzi emaperembudzi.
Kurapa
Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti maperembudzi anoporesa. Muna 1981, WHO yakakurudzira kushandiswa kwekubatanidzwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya matatu - kazhinji dapsone, rifampin, uye clofazimine - pakurapwa, inotora mwedzi mitanhatu kusvikira pagore kana kupfuura. Dzimwe mhaka dzinogona kurapwa nemishonga miviri yemishonga, asi rifampin chinhu chinokosha che regimen. Kubva muna 1995, WHO yakapa mishonga iyi pasina mhindu kune vese vane maperembudzi pasi rese.
Penguva yekurapa, muviri unogona kuita kune mabhakitiriya akafa ane marwadzo uye kuzvimba mukati meganda uye nerve.
Izvi zvinorapwa nemishonga inorwadza, prednisone kana thalidomide (pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo).
Prognosis
Pamberi pekurapwa kwaivepo, kuongororwa kwemaperembudzi kwaireva kutambura uye kurwadziwa uye kudziviswa nevanhu. Nhasi, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye kutarisira kwakanaka kweganda kunodzivirira chirwere ichi kuti chisaparadza muviri. Zvichida mune ramangwana, chirwere chichapedza denda iri rekare zvachose.
Kunobva:
World Health Organization. "Maperembudzi Nhasi." Zvirongwa uye mapurogiramu, 2015.