Muchidimbu muchidimbu chechimiro uye basa retsoka
Rutsoka rwomunhu runoshamisa kwazvo mukugadzirisa uye kushanda. Iyi pfupiso pfupi inopa ruzivo rukuru rwemakumbo kutomy uye physiology sezvinopindirana nezvimwe zvinowanzovhiringidzika zvemitambo, zvakadai sekuputsika , zvikwata zvepakona, uye plantar fasciitis .
Foot Structure
Iyo yekutanga inosanganisira mahlanu masatarsal mafupa, uye phalanges (zvigunwe).
Chekutanga metatarsal bone ndiyo inopfupika, yakareba uye ine basa rinokosha panguva yekufambisa (mberi mberi). Inopawo kusungirirwa kwemaitiro akawanda. Chechipiri, chechitatu, uye chechina metatarsal mapfupa ndiyo yakanyatsogadzikana ye metatarsals. Izvo zvakachengetedzwa zvakanaka uye dzine zviduku zvishoma zvinyorwa zvitsuwa. Havasi pasi pekukwevera simba zvakasimba.
Pedyo nemusoro wekutanga metatarsal, pamusana wezvakagadzirwa netsoka, mune mapfupa maviri eesamoid (duku, akafanana nemapfupa akafanana nemapfupa anowanikwa mukati metendon, uko tendon inopfuura pamusoro pekukudzwa) Iyo inobatwa panzvimbo inoshandiswa uye ligaments .
Iyo midzi inosanganisira shanu dzemasere manomwe anomwe (navicular, cuboid, uye matatu cuneiforms). Mutsara wekutarisa una ma cuneiforms matatu uye cuboid. Pakati pepakati rinosangana ne forefoot pamatanho mashanu e tarsometatarsal (TMT). Kune majoka akawanda mukati memukati mawo pachako.
Pakati pedo, ma cuneiforms matatu anotaura neyo navicular bone.
Mapfupa makuru maviri, taresi, uye calcaneus inoumba hindfoot. Iyo nguruve ndiyo yakareba tarsal bone uye inoita chitsitsinho. Iyo taresi inogara pamusoro payo uye inoita pivot yemakumbo.
Foot and Toe Movement
Zvigunwe zvigunwe zvinoitika pazvibatanidza .
Majozvi aya anokwanisa kufamba munzira mbiri: mbeu yemaruva kana kuora. Mukuwedzera, majoini anobvumira kubviswa uye kuwedzerwa kwezvigunwe.
Rutsoka rwakazara (kusina zvigunwe) zvine maitiro maviri: inversion uye eversion. Zvose zvibatanidzi zvehindfoot uye midfoot zvinobatsira pakufamba uku kwakakomba kunowanzobatanidzwa nekufamba pamakumbo emakumbo.
The Foot Arches
Rutsoka rune mabasa maviri anokosha: kuyerwa kwekutakura nekufambisa. Izvo zvinoshanda zvinoda huwandu hwakasimba hwokudzikama. Uyewo, rutsoka runofanira kushanduka kuitira kuti rwugone kushandiswa kune nzvimbo dzisina kufanira. Mafupa akawanda nemajoka etsoka anopa kuchinja, asi aya mapfupa mazhinji anogadzirisa matanho ekutsigira chero chiremera.
Rutsoka rune matatu matatu. Nechipfuva chemukati chetenderera ndicho chakakwirira uye chakakosha pamatanda matatu. Icho chinoumbwa nekanyasi, taresi, navicular, cuneiforms, uye matatu matatu ematatari. Izvozvo zvakasara ndezvepamusoro uye zvakasvibiswa kupfuura zvinyorwa zvemukati. Iyo inoumbwa ne calcaneus, cuboid, uye yechina uye yechishanu metatarsals . Icho chinyamupinyi chinoumbwa ne cuneiforms, cuboid, uye masitadhi mashanu ematatari.
Maberere etsoka anochengetedzwa nemaitiro emapfupa uye nemirairo.
Uyewo, masumbu nematononi vanoita basa rinokosha pakutsigira mabheji.
Muscles of the Foot
Uturu hwetsoka hunorondedzerwa sechinhu chakanaka kana chekunze. Idzo tsvina inowanikwa mukati memakumbo uye inokonzera kufamba kwezvigunwe. Idzi tsvina idzi dzine (flexar flexors), extensors (dorsiflexors), vatengesi, uye vanogadzirisa zvigunwe. Mishonga yakasiyana-siyana inobatsirawo inotsigira mazamu etsoka.
Izvo tsvina dzinenge dziri kunze kwetsoka, mumutsipa wezasi . Izvo simba regastrocnemius muscle (mhuru) iri pakati pavo. Vanove vachireba kwenguva refu vanoyambuka chidzitiro, kuti vatevedze kumapfupa etsoka uye vabatsire kufamba.
Itaresi, zvisinei, haina tambo.
Chinhu
Anatomy of the Foot, Arthritis Foundation.