Kuchinja kwemaMacular, inowanzotaurwa nezvechizvarwa chakakomba macular (ARMD kana AMD), ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekupofumadza muUnited States. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu anonyanya kubata vanhu vane makore 65 nekure. Zvimwe zvinetso zvemasikirwo zvinokanganisa vanhu vaduku zvinogona kutumidzwa sehuwandu hwema macular, asi izwi rinowanzoreva nezvehutano hwehutachiona hwemakore.
AMD inokanganisa macula , iyo inonyanya kunzwisisika ye retina inokonzera kukomba, mukati. AMD inogona kurapwa, kunyange isiri kurapwa.
Iko kune mbiri miviri mikuru yemakore-yakabatana macular degeneration :
- Dry (Kwete-Neovascular) AMD
Dry AMD, inonziwo non-exudative macular degeneration, ndiyo inonyanya kufanana, iyo inotarisa anenge 90 muzana yematambudziko ose AMD. MuAmD yakaoma, kuchinja kunoonekwa mumasekine akaiswa maziso eziso, kunosiya nzvimbo dzekuyerera, pigment clumping, uye inodha (yellow inowira pasi pe retina).
AMD yakaoma inowanzofambira mberi zvishoma. Pane zvikamu zvitatu: kutanga, pakati, uye mberi. Chikamu chekutanga chekutanga chinoratidzirwa nekuratidzwa uye kuratidzwa kwechinyakare kana kurasikirwa kwekunonoka. Kurasikirwa kwekuona kweCentral kunowedzera, zvimwe kudhakwa kunogona kuonekwa kana kuwedzera, uye kuchinja kwemavara kunowedzera sezvo mamiriro acho achifambira mberi. Nhamba yekurasikirwa kwepfungwa inowirirana neAmD yakaoma asi haigoni kufambira mberi kusvika kuhupofu hwepamutemo. Macular tusue atrophy uye kupenya zvishoma kunogona kuitika.
- Mvura (Neovascular) AMD
Mvura ye AMD inenge inenge 10 muzana yezviitiko zvose zve AMD. Vanhu vane chimiro chakaoma che AMD vanogona kufambira mberi kusvika kune yakaoma mafomu. Ropa idzva mumudziyo wekukura (neovascularization) rinowanikwa pasi pe retina. Kunyange zvazvo midziyo iyi ichitsva, haina kusimba mumasikirwo. Ropa uye mvura inonaya ichidonha kubva mumidziyo mutsva yeropa, kazhinji ichisimudza macula uye ichikonzera kuvhiringidza kunoonekwa, izvo zvingaita kuti zvive nekukuvara kwechigadziko. Kuparara kunogona kuitika, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwechiono uye, kazhinji, kupofu kwemutemo.
Zvimwe macular degeneration diagnoses zvinosanganisira:
- Geographic Macular Degeneration
Geographic macular degeneration yomufambiro wakapfurikidza wekuoma macular degeneration. Pano, kune nzvimbo yakawanda, yakakura yekurasikirwa kwe retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). RPE, iyo inopa mushure kweziso chimiro chekundu-ruvara rwemarondi, inobatsira kudyidzana nemafotoreceptor eziso, tsvimbo nemakoni. Somugumisiro, chinhu chipi zvacho chinokonzera chirwere muRPE chichapedzisira chakanganisa maitiro nemakoni mu retina.
Inonzi "geographic" nokuti nzvimbo huru dzarasikirwa neRPE dzinoita semakondinendi akakomberedzwa negungwa re retina ine utano. Dzimwe nguva inotsanangurwa seDPE dropout. Kazhinji, hapana kubuda kwemvura kunokonzera kana kubuda ropa, uye kurasikirwa kwechiono kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Vanachiremba vari kudzidza geni therapy uye RPE kupemha kurapwa. - Juvenile Macular Degeneration
Juvenile macular dystrophy kana kuparara kunotora nhaka uye inokanganisa vechidiki nevana. Kazhinji, mamiriro acho ezvinhu ndeokuzvidzivirira, zvinoreva kuti zvinowedzera apo mwana anogamuchira gene rinoderedza kubva kumubereki mumwe nomumwe. Juvenile macular degeneration haibvumiri maonero emakona kana purogiramu. Vanhu vanoita kuti vana vaduku vashandise kukurumidza kuparara vanorasikirwa nepfungwa huru uye havave mapofu. Kune miviri miviri mikuru yevana vechidiki yakasakara: Stargardt's disease uye Vitelliform macular dystrophy.
Zviratidzo
Kuona kurasikirwa mu macular degeneration kunowedzera zvishoma kuti iwe urege kuzviona pakutanga. Pano kazhinji hapana marwadzo. Sezvo chirwere chacho chiri kufambira mberi, maonero ako angave akajeka uye zvinhu zvinogona kuonekwa zvakatsauka. Vamwe vanhu vane AMD vanogona kunyunyutira mavara asiri mumashoko kana kuoma kuona zvinyorwa zviduku.
Sezvo mamiriro acho ezvinhu achifambira mberi, pangave nekurasikirwa kwakanyanya kana kuvhara kwemaonero makuru, nepo purogiramu yemhepo inoramba ichishandurwa. Dzimwe nguva, ruvara rwemavara runogona kuchinjwa.
Zviratidzo zve AMD zvichavepo, kunyange zviri nani kuonekwa nehutano hweziso.
Zvinokonzera
Mhando dzakawanda dzinowanzoitwa macular degeneration dzine chokuita nekukura.
Kunewo mamwe akawanda anozivikanwa pangozi yezvikonzero zvekukura kwemakore anokonzerwa nekugadzirisa macular:
- Age
- Kusvuta
- Nhoroondo yemhuri
- Chiedza cheziso chechiedza
- Hypertension
- Sun exposure
- Mwoyo wepfungwa
- High cholesterol
- Kuwedzera muviri
- Mukadzi wechikadzi
- Kufarira mberi
Nharaunda yako inogonawo kuwedzera pakuvandudza kwe AMD, uye kutsvakurudza kwezvino kuri kutarisa majeni anogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza dambudziko rekuvandudza AMD .
Kuziva
Kuongorora kwe AMD kunoitwa mushure mekunyatsoongorora kwemaziso kunoitwa nemunhu anonzi optometrist kana ophthalmologist.
Kureba uye pedyo nechitarisiko zvakaenzaniswa. Muedzo unonzi "girasi reAmsler" inoitwa kuti uwane nzvimbo dzisina mapofu, kuisa mitsetse, kana kuti kusvibiswa mune zvakaratidzwa. Chirwere chekuwedzera chetetinal chinobvumira chiremba kuti aone maonero akakurumbira emu macula.
Chiremba weziso rako achaona zviratidzo zvakadai se:
- Ita uye ichinje kune masero akavhenekera mu macula, nemhaka yemasanganiswa emagetsi kuvaka
- Ropa idzva mumudziyo wekukura (neovascularization): Kushaikwa kweiokisijeni mune retina kunogona kuratidzira zviratidzo zvemakemikari zvinokonzera izvi.
- Fluid kana ropa rakapinda mumuviri we retinal (nemhaka yemisha mitsva yeropa, iyo isina simba sezvairi kuumba)
Kana AMD ichifungidzirwa, dye-injection test, fluorescein angiography (FA), inogona kurairwa. Chimwe chirwere chekuongorora, optical coherence tomography (OCT), inogonawo kuitwa. Kana AMD ichinyatsoonekwa, kutumirwa kune mumwe muongorori we retina kunotevera.
Kurapa
Ikoko hakuna chirwere chinonzi chichivhiringidzika. AMD kurapwa inotarisa kunonoka kana kuderedza kufambira mberi kwechirwere ichi uye inopesana zvichienderana nesero rayo.
Kubva paIndaneti-Inobatana Nehutano Hweiyo Maziso (AREDS), zvigadzirwa zvekudya zvine mavitamini C uye E, beta-carotene, uye zinc zvakaratidzwa kuti zvinonoka kana kunonoka kufambira mberi kweAmD yakaoma kusvika AMD yakadzama ne 28 muzana mune vamwe vanhu vane chirwere .
Kurapa kweAmdi yakanyanyisa kunotarisa kuvhara kupisa kwemvura kubva kuoovascularization. Nzira dzakadai se photocoagulation uye macular translocation dzakaitwa nemitemo yakasiyana. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) mishonga iri kushandiswa mukurapa macular degeneration. Iyi mishonga inojowa zvakananga muziso uye inoita kusimudza midzi mitsva yeropa kubva pakuumba.
Kana iwe uine kurasikirwa kwakaratidzwa kwakakosha nekuda kweAmD, zviratidzo zvepasi zvakanyanya uye vanachiremba vanogona kukurudzira mishonga kana kugadziriswa kwemusha izvo zvingadzoserera maonero ekushanda uye kuvandudza mararamiro ako ehupenyu . Zvimwe zvezvigadziri izvi zvinosanganisira magirazi ekuverenga akawanda-refu kana kuti zvigocals, telescopic lens, maoko anobatwa nemaoko, magetsi, uye terevhizheni dzakavharwa. Zvimwe zvinokurudzirwa, zvakadai sekushandisa maawa mashoma akaverengwa uye sitofu inodha, mabhuku makuru ekudhinda, matemati ekunyora uye maikironi ekutaura zvemagetsi, anogona kukurumidza kuchinja hutano hwehupenyu nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu.
Kutsungirira
Kurarama nekutaridzika kurasikirwa kwekushaya kwema macular kungada kuita kuti mararamiro agadziriswe. Zvinhu zvinokosha zvehupenyu zvinosanganisa zvinosanganisira kutyaira, kuverenga, nekuita zvakanaka mitambo yemabasa inoda ruzivo rwakakwana rwekuona, sekushamba nekushandisa zvishandiso. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviitiko zvingadikanwa kuti zvifungidzike. Asi mune vamwe, zvigadziro zvekubatsira (kufanana nekukudza) uye kugadziriswa zvingakubatsira nekukubvumira kuti urambe uchienderera mberi.
Rubatsiro rwemagariro rwunobatsira, kwete kungokubatsira kuti uchinje asi nekukubatsirawo nemabasa ezuva nezuva kana zvichidiwa. Unogonawo kufunga nezvekutsvaga zvipo sekutakura kwevanhu.
Shoko Rinobva
Zvakakosha kuwana miedzo yeziso nguva dzose sechikamu chekuchengetedza kwehutano hwako nguva dzose muupenyu hwako, kunyange kana iwe usina maonero ekurasikirwa. Kana kuongororwa kunoratidza kuti une zviratidzo zvekare zvekushanduka kwema macular, iva nechokwadi chekutevera nechiremba wako weziso sezvaunokurudzirwa uye unamatira matanho anotsanangurwa kuti umise mamiriro acho kubva pakufambira mberi, sezvo izvi zvingaita mutsauko mukudzivirira kuona kurasikirwa.
> Sources:
> Gheorghe A, Mahdi L, Musat O, Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Rom J Ophthalmol. 2015 Apr-Jun; 59 (2): 74-7.
> Narayanan R, Kuppermann BD, Hot Topics in Dry AMD, Curr Pharm Des. 2017; 23 (4): 542-546. doi: 10.2174 / 1381612822666161221154424.