Zvinoshandiswa Zvinodzivirira UVB Radiation
Sunscreens inokosha yakagadzirwa nemiti yakashandiswa kudzivirira sunburns, photoaging , uye kenza yeganda. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvaitendwa kuti kudzivirira mazai eVB uye kupisa kwezuva ndizvo chete zviyero zvinodiwa kudzivirira zuva kukuvara. Simba reSSPF rakagadziridzwa kuyera simba rezuva rekuvhara zuva reVVB. Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti mazai eUVA anonyanya kukosha kugadzirwa kweganda.
Nemhaka yokuti SPF yakawanda yekudzivirirwa kweVVB, zvinoshandiswa zvinopesana pakati peganda rezuva rinobata miviri yeVB uye imwe inopa huwandu-kana UVA uye UVB-kudzivirirwa. Izvi zvinowanikwa mumakemikari zvinoshandiswa mumasikati machena kuti awane mizinga yeVB chete .
PABA
PABA , kana para-aminobenzoic acid , yakauya pamusika muUnited States mumavambo ekuma1970 uye yaiva yekutanga yezuva yakachena yezuva yakange iripo zvikuru. Zvisinei, iyo inonzi inonzi allergen uye yakabva yave yakabviswa mune zvakawanda maitiro. Hazviwanzoshandiswa mumazuva ano ezuva.
- Makomborero: PABA inonamatira zvakasimba kumasero ari epidermis, ichiichengeta kubva pakushambidzwa mumvura kana kunyange kubvongerwa netauro.
- Kukanganisika: Kunokonzera kugadzirisa kweharagic mu4 kubva muzana yevanhu uye kunopisawo mbatya.
PABA Esters
Iyo chete PABA ester yakagamuchirwa neDDA kuti ishandiswe muUnited States inonzi Padimate O , inonziwo octyl dimethyl PABA .
Ichi chikamu chemakemikari akafanana nePABA, asi hachisi kutsamwisa. Pane imwe nguva PABA-isina mahwindo ezuva akashandurwa, kufarirwa kwePadimate O yakaramba nokukurumidza. Padimate O achiripo mune dzimwe sunscreens nokuti inoshandiswa nemamwe makemikari kuwedzera SPF yegadzirwa.
- Makomborero: Izvo zvinodzivirira mvura uye hazvipfeke zvipfeko.
- Kukanganisa: Ikazikanwa kuti inokonzera kugadzirisa kwehutano.
Cinnamates
Sinamamate , Octyl methoxycinnamate uye cinoxate , ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa yeVVB muUnited States. Inowanzowanikwa muzvipfeko zvine SPF chikonzero.
- Makomborero: Izvo zvakanaka UVB inodya. Kana ichibatanidzwa nemamwe makemikari akawanda "," anobatsira kuita kuti makemikari acho ave akasimba mvura uye akasimba.
- Kukanganisa: Vanogona kugumbura. Vanhu vane shungu kuBalsamu yePeru, tolu balsam, maCcaca mashizha, cinnamic aldehyde uye cinamic mafuta anogonawo kuva nehanya nesinamates.
Salicylates
I salicylates i homomenthyl salicylate , octyl salicylate , uye triethanolamine salicylate . Saricylates yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba, kunyange pamberi pePABA. Trolamine salicylate inogadziriswa nemvura, saka inowanzoshandiswa mumucheka mishonga inochengetedza kurwisa mazai eVV. Homosalate is the chemical the FDA uses as the standard for measuring SPF.
- Makomborero: Izvo zvinodzivisa mvura uye zvakasimba muhupo hwezuva.
- Kukanganisa: Vanodzivirira kurwendo ruduku rwebato reVBB, saka rinofanira kushandiswa mukukwirira kwepamusoro.
Octocrylene
Octocrylene inowanzoshandiswa kugadzirisa avobenzone, inobudisa UVA, uye inonyanya kuwanikwa mune zvigadzirwa izvo zvisiri-comedogenic.
Icho chimwe chevashoma vasvini ve UV vanogona kushandiswa mu gel sunscreens.
- Kubatsira: Hazviwanzogumbura ganda.
- Kukanganisa: Inofanirwa kusanganiswa nedzimwe tsvina dze UV kuitira kuti dzigadzikane uye dzinodhura kuti dzigadzire.
Ensulizole
Ensulizole kana PBSA inogadziriswa nemvura, saka inoshandiswa mumiti yakawanda yemafuta. Inoita basa rakanaka rekuvhara maziso eVB, asi haigadziri chero mavhiri eUVA. I-UVB filters inorongwa pamusoro apa bvisa huwandu hwehutachiona hweUVA.
- Kubatsira: Hazviwanzo kukonzera kutsamwa kweganda.
- Kukanganisika : Inodzivirira bhenhire rakasvibirira remirasi yeUV.
Sources:
Lautenschlager, S, HC Wulf, naM MR Pittelkow. "Photoprotection," Lancet. 370 (2007): 528-37.
Nguyen, Nathalie, uye Darrell Rigel. "Photoprotection uye Kudzivirira Photocarcinogenesis." Zvinyorwa zvekunyora kweChangu Zvokudya Zvimwe. Ed. Zoe Draelos & Lauren Thamon. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2006. 156-9.
Palm, MD, uye MN O'Donoghue. "Ongorora pane photoprotection." Dermatol Ther. 20 (2007): 360-76.