Maitiro Avanoita Uye Chii Chingavaita
I- bronchioles inokosha chikamu chekufema. Ndiyo ndima dzinotungamirirwa nemhepo kubva mumhino nemuromo kune alveoli (air bags) pamagumo emuti wemapfutiro , chaizvoizvo sematavi makuru mumhepo yokufema, mabonchioles haana katetilage.
Maitiro eBronchioles
Sezvo mhepo inoputika, inokweverwa muchechea uye inopinda main bronchus .
Iyo huru bronchus inobva yagovera muviri bronchi (imwe pamapapu ose) iyo inoramba ichiparadzanisa tisati tava bronchioles. Sezvo maronchioles achikura zvishoma nezvishoma, chaizvoizvo sematavi emuti, iwo ose anotorwa ne alveolus. Iyi ndiyo iyo kutumirwa kwe okisijeni uye carbon dioxide kuropa kunoitika.
I-bronchioles yakakamurwa kuva mhando mitatu, imwe neimwe inowedzera zvishoma:
- Lobular bronchioles (huru lobes)
- Rerminal bronchioles (funga zvikamu zvekutumira)
- Kufuridzira bronchioles (ane mutoro wekutungamirira mhepo kune alveoli)
Irobular and terminal terminal bronchioles inozivikanwa se "nzvimbo yakafa" nemhaka yokuti hapana mhepo inoshandiswa iyo inoitika mumapfupa aya. I-bronchioles ivo pachavo vaduku, kubva pa 0.5 kusvika 1 mm muupamhi.
Basa reBronchioles
Kunyange zvazvo bronchi ine zvindori zvehututi inobatsira kuti igare yakazaruka, maronchioles akabatanidzwa nemapfupa akachena.
Izvi zvinovabvumira kuti vabvumirane uye vashandise, vachigadzirisa kutonga kwemhepo sezvo ichiita nzira yayo kuenda kune alveoli.
Pamusoro pemigumisiro, inovaisawo pangozi kune zvakatipoteredza izvo zvinogona kuita kuti vabvumirane uye, mune dzimwe nguva, vanopedza zvachose. Zvinonzi bronchoconstriction , mhinduro iyi inogona kukonzerwa neutsi hwefodya, fodya inotyisa, mweya wekutsvaira, uye zvinokonzera, kune zvimwe zvinhu.
Kunyange zvazvo kupfigirwa kwebronchiole kunoreva kuchengetedza hurumende kunze kwemhepo, zvinogona kukonzera kuporesa, pane dzimwe nguva zvakakomba. Kana izvi zvikaitika, adrenaline uye mamwe mahomoni anosunungurwa nemuviri kuti kuderedze kushungurudzika uye kubvumira mweya kuyerera kumashure.
Rumwe rudzi rwesero rinowanika mubronchioles (rinonzi Zita 2 alveolar cell) ndiro rinokonzera kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu (zvinonzi surfactants) dzinovimbisa bronchioles kuitira kuti irege kuwa panguva yekubuda. Imwe mhando yesero (inonzi makiragi masero) secrete mapuroteni anokonzera chero tsvina iyo inogona kunge yakawana nzira yavo pasi pomuti wokufema.
Matambudziko eBronchioles
Sezvo maronchioles asina chetikiti kuti avatsigire, ivo vanowanzosvibiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kusagadzikana uye / kana kuvhiringidzwa kwemhepo. Kana izvi zvikaitika, zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kufamba, kufema, kufema kufema ( kudzokera ), uye cyanosis (bluish yeganda ruvara rwakakonzerwa nokuderedza okisijeni kudya).
Pane mitemo yakawanda inogona kukanganisa zvakananga basa rebronchioles. Pakati pavo:
- Bronchiolitis ndiko kuputika kwebronchioles kunowanzoonekwa kuvana vari pakati pemakore matatu nematanhatu. Inowanzokonzerwa nemavirusi yakadai sekufema maitiro echirwere (RSV) uye fenza. Kurapa kunonyanya kutarisirwa pakugadzirisa zviratidzo kusvikira utachiona hwave huchitanga. Mumatambudziko akaoma, ventigiri inogona kudiwa.
- Nyeredzi inokonzerwa zvikuru nezvinokonzera kana chepfu mumhepo. Zvirwere zvekupemha zvinogona kukonzera chirwere chevana mumhepo. Kurapa kunoshandiswa nemishonga yekuderedza mhepo (maronchodilators) pamwe nekuregererwa kana kudzivirirwa kweizipi zvese zvinonzi allergen.
- Bronchiolitis obliterans inetso isingawanzoiti uye yakakomba inonyanya kukanganisa vanhu vakuru umo maronchioles anove akaoma uye ane fibrous, achikanganisa kukwanisa kwomunhu kufema. Zvinokonzera zvinogona kusanganisira kutsvaga kune zvinotyisa, utachiona hwehutachiona, hutachiona hwemuviri, uye rheumatoid arthritis. Bronchiolitis obliterans haigoni kushandiswa uye kazhinji inoda kurapwa kweoksijeni uye kushandiswa kwe steroid. Mumatambudziko akaoma, kuiswa kwemapapu kunogona kudiwa.
> Source
- > National Heart, Lung, uye Blood Institute: National Institutes of Health (NIH). "Indaneti Inoporesa." Bethesda, Maryland; July 17, 2012.