IAmerica haina kuona mavirusi mazhinji ayo anowanikwa muAfrica neAsia, asi maAmerica ane meno uye mamwe mavecher. Izvi zvinowanzofanana kana utsi hwakadaro hwakawanikwa munyika yose; sezvo kufambidzana kwepasi pose kunoparadzira mavairusi, inopararirawo utsi. Sezvo zvakadaro, apo hutachiona hutsva huchienda, kana hunogona kupararira kuburikidza nechimwe cheumhutu (kana mamwe mavheta) anowanikwa muAmerica, inopararira nokukurumidza.
Zhizha mushure mezhizha, mave nemishonga mitsva muAmerica inotakurwa nemumhutu, uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inogadzira nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemumhutu, maikiti, nezvimwe zvirwere, zvirwere izvi zvinogona kupararira mberi.
Tinoziva here kuti chirwere chinotevera chichave chei? Mhinduro iri nyore kwete, isu hatiiti. Uye tisati tati kune imwe hutachiona iyo inotitora isu nekushamisika, zvingava zvakanaka kuziva zvakawanda zvingaita pamusoro pemishonga yakawanda inogona kupararira, saZika, Chikungunya, uye matambudziko akasiyana eDengue atakaona mumakore achangopfuura mu America. Apo patinotarisa zvakanyanya, tinowana zvakawanda, zvakare. Kunyatsoongororwa kunotibatsira kuziva zvikonzero zvinokonzera fevha, misoro, uye rashes izvo zvataimbove tangokwanisa kuziva kuburikidza nechinguva chekufungidzira.
Kunewo mavairusi atinotanga kuziva kuti anotanga kupararira mberi uye mberi. Chimwe chezvivharasi, izvo zvinoratidzika zvinyoro asi zvinogona kubata zvishamiso, ndiyo chirwere cheTusutu.
Ndeapi Mhando yeVirus Isuti?
Iyo flavivirus. Izvi zvakafanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvinoparadzirwa nemumhutu. Inonyanya kufanana neJapan Encephalitis uye Murray Valley Encephalitis. Dzimwe hama dziri kure zvikuru dzinosanganisira mamwe mavharesi atinoziva, akadai seDengue , Powassan, West Nile , uye Zika , dzose flaviviruses dzakakwira mumusoro medu.
Isuti Isu Iripi Iye Zvino?
Ututu yeutachiona yakatanga kuwanikwa kuSouth Africa muna 1959. Yakawanika mumumhutu uye yakatumirwa kurwizi pedyo (iyo inozivikanwawo seRwizi rweMaputo runosvika kuSouth Africa, Swaziland, uye Mozambique). Pakanga pasina mararamiro akaonekwa akabatanidzwa nehutachiona.
Utachiwana hwave hunowanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica: Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Morocco, Nigeria, Uganda, Central African Republic (CAR), uye Senegal. Zvisinei, kwaiva nemurwere mumwe chete uyo akaonekwa ave ane hutachiona (muCAR) uyo aiita seanoita zvakanaka uye aingova nefivha uye kuputika.
Chirwere ichi chakazoonekwa kuti chiri muEurope. Zvichida zvaiiswa kakawanda muEurope. Mukufungidzira, zvisati zvatanga kuzivikanwa muAustria muna 2001 zvichida zvakange zvapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo muEurope, zvakadai seItaly, iyo kuongorora shiri kwakaratidzwa.
Kufanana neWest Nile Virus , utachiona hweHututu hwave huchienda, chaizvoizvo, neshiri. Nhamba dzakawanda dzehove dzinopfa dzakazivisa zviremera muAustria kunetso; iyi ndiyo nzira iyo hutachiona yakatanga kuonekwa seyo yakapararira kuEurope. Kufanana neWest Nile, hutachiona hunogona kuuraya shiri, asi hwakapararira kwatiri. Yakaratidzwa kune dzimwe nyika muEurope (kana kuti zvishoma nezvirwere zvakawanikwa) uye yakaramba ichibatanidzwa nevakafa kufa-Italy, Germany, Spain, Hungary, Switzerland, Poland, England, Czech Republic, Greece, uye Belgium.
Iwe Unobata Sei Mushonga Weuti?
Iwe unobata iyo kubva kuruma kwemumukoma. Asi kwete misi yese inogona (kana kuti ichaita) inotakura utachiona. Utachiona hunoratidzika hutakurwa nemhou dzinonzi Culex, kunyanya Culex pipiens. Izvi zvakafanana neWest Nile Virus, zvakare inoparadzirwa neCulex utsi, saka utachiona hweHututu hunogona kuwanikwa kune West Virus Nile. Kutaura zvazviri, kuongororwa kweWest Nile Virus kwakatungamirira mukuzivikanwa kwehutachiona hweHututu mune vamwe varwere muItaly.
Iyi hutachiona inogonawo kutorwa kunyange nemimwe mamiko akaita saAedes albopictus. Aedes albopictus inowanikwa muUnited States, kunyanya muSouth uye zvakare munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeAmerica dzakangoona zvipuka zvakakura zveZika, iyo inotakurwawo nemushutu.
Utachiona hunoonekwa huchifamba-famba neshiri, kunyanya mhirikiti, asiwo dzimwe mazai, jays, magpies, owls, uye huku. Nyeredzi dzinoona chiropa, spleen, uye neurologic kukuvara, pakati pezvimwe zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona.
Shiri umo hutachiwana hunowanika kazhinji huchibhururuka kure, kure neAsia. Nyeredzi dzakafanana dzinowanikwa muAmerica. Dzimwe nzvimbo kunze kwekuti Africa neEurope, saka, inogona kuva pangozi.
Mamwe mhuka dzinoita seine utachiona. Utachiona hwave hunowanikwawo mumapulisa (muGermany) asi hazvizivikanwi asi basa rei bhositini rinotamba (kana ripi). Mamwe mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana semabhiza nemakwenzi akawanikwa aine utachiona, asi izvi hazviita sekuti zvinowanzobatanidzwa muhutachiona hunoparadzirwa. Kuwanda kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunoratidzika kuva pakati peminwe uye shiri.
Chii chinonzi Virus Usuti?
Utachiona hunogona kungokonzera kupisa uye fivhiri. Utachiona hunogona kuva munyoro uye hunogona kupfuura nokukurumidza. Zvisinei, pane kunetseka kuti kune nhamba duku, utachiona hunogona kuva hwakanyanya.
Pakutanga, zvishoma zvaizivikanwa nezvoutachiona. Ikoko kwakanga kusingazivikanwi nezvehutachiwana muAfrica. Ikoko kwakanga kune mamiriro akaonekwa muCentral African Republic muna 1981 uye murwere akaita seakanaka, kunze kwekutsvaira uye fever yakabva. Zvisinei, pakanga pasina kuongororwa kana kuongororwa kwehutachiona uye hapana ainyatsoziva kuti yaive yakawanda sei uye hakuna munhu aiziva kana zvirwere zvakanyanya uye zvisingawaniki uye zvirwere zvaive chaizvo zvirwere zvakadai seUsutu izvo zvisiri izvo marabhu uye zviedzo zvaidiwa kuziva it.
Apo hutachiona hwaionekwa muAustria muna 2001 kwaive nokuti kwaivapo maiva nemabhiribird afa. Kwakange kusina zvirwere zvevanhu zvakaonekwa. Zvidzidzo zvehuwandu hwevanhu zvakaratidza chete nhamba shoma kwazvo yakanga yatapukirwa muEurope. Vamwe vanopa ropa vakawanika kuti vane zvirwere muEurope, asi izvi hazvisi nyore. Zvisinei, chidzidzo cheavo vaiva nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzakapararira nehutachiona ndokuratidza kuti chaizvoizvo pakati peavo vangangodaro vane utachiona vakawanda kana 1 mu4 vaiva nezvirwere, asi zvose zvinongotaura zvirwere zvishoma. Saka zvakaratidzika izvi zvinogona kunge zviri hutachiona hunowanikwa kupfuura hunoonekwa, asi hazvina kuonekwa kuti hauna mabudiro akaipa.
Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo pakanga pane zviitiko zviviri muItaly izvo zvakange zvakakomba varwere vomu immunocompromised muna 2009 (imwe yaiva chemotherapy; imwe yakanga ine chirwere cheropa chakakomba). Muzviitiko izvi, hutachiona hunofanirwa kunge hwakatungamirira ku meningoencephalitis, asi hwakapiwa kuoma kwemarwere avo akange aripo hazvisi zvachose zvakajeka. Izvi zvinotarisa kune hutachiona nekuputika kweuropi uye kwemashoko akakomberedza uropi uye musipinha. Mune rimwe rematambudziko, murwere ane chirwere chakakundikana zvakare.
Aya maitiro akakurudzira kunetseka kuti hutachiona hungave hwakanyanya kuoma kune vamwe vanhu. Vanhu vazhinji vakagwinya neWest Nile Virus uye neZika, asi kambani kaduku kasangana nemigumisiro yakakomba. Zvichida kuti Usutu inogona kupa mungozi chaiye kune vamwe, kunyange kana iri munyoro muzhinji.
Iwe Unoedza Sei KwaWeuro Virus?
Kazhinji mabhizimisi aisazokwanisa kuzviedza. Mumwe nyanzvi yezvehutano angada kuonana nehuwandu hwekutumira laboratory kuti aite shanduro.
Pane Mushonga WeWerus Virus?
Kwete zvino. Nenzira yakanaka, hutachiona hwakawanda kuvanhu vane hutano hunoita sehuri kure.
> Sources:
> Ashraf U, et al. Usutu virusi: an emerging flavivirus muEurope. Virusi. 2015; 7 (1): 219-38.
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergence yeUtutu virus, an African Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus yeJapan Encephalitis Virus Group, Central Europe.
> Clinical Infectious Diseases. Usutu: The Next Flavour ya Flavivirus yeUnited States?
> Vázquez A, et al. Usutu virusi - inogona kuisa njodzi yevanhu muEurope. Euro Surveill. 2011; 16 (31): pii = 19935.
> Pauli G, et al. Transfusion Medicine uye Hemotherapy. 2014; 41 (1): 73-82.