Kuziva zvivako zvejeneti zvinogona kukubatsira kuti unzwisise marwadzo edziini
Masayenzi evanhu ruzivo rwema genetics inowedzera zuva rega rega, zvichiita kuwanikwa kwechiremba nemishonga zvinowanikwa zuva nezuva. Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoda ave akaonekwa kuti ane chimiro chemazwi, iwe ungave uri kuwana zvakaoma kuchengetedza nezvose izvi zvine mazita emageneti. Heano mamwe emashoko anowirirana uye zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro pavo.
Chii chinonzi DNA?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) inotakura ruzivo rwemashoko mumasero emuviri wako. DNA yakaumbwa nemakemikari mana akafanana-adenine, thymine, cytosine, uye guanine-ayo anonzi mabheti uye akafukidzirwa seA, T, C, uye G. Tsitsi idzi dzinodzokororwa kakawanda nepamusoro paviri kuti dzive DNA yako.
Chii Chinonzi Gene?
A gene chikamu chakasiyana cheDNA yako yesero. Zvitema zvakanyorwa mirayiridzo yekuita zvinhu zvose muviri wako unoda, kunyanya mapuroteni. Iwe une anenge 25 000 magenhi. Vatsvakurudzi vasati vatoziva kuti vazhinji vemajeni edu vanoitei, zvisinei, zvimwe zvemajini edu zvinogona kuwirirana nematambudziko akadai se cystic fibrosis kana chirwere chaHuntington.
Mapuroteni: Bhuku redu rekuvaka
Mapuroteni ane maketani emakemikari anovakwa anonzi amino acids. Puroteni inogona kunge iine mashomanana amino acid muketani yayo kana inogona kuva nezviuru zvuru. Mapuroteni anoumba hwaro hwezvinhu zvakawanda izvo muviri wako unoita zvakadai sekuchera, kuita simba, nekukura.
Nheyo dzeCromosomes
Zvitubu zvakaputirwa mumatanda anonzi chromosomes. Vanhu vane 23 mapaundi ema-chromosomes, zvichiita 46 ma chromosomes mumwechete. Pakati pezvikamu zviviri, imwe yembiru, x uye y chromosome, inosarudza kana iwe uri mukomana kana mukadzi, pamwe nemamwe maitiro emuviri. Madzimai ane XX ma chromosomes apo varume vane peji ye XY chromosomes.
Mamwe makumi maviri nemaviri ari ma chromosomes autosomal, izvo zvinogadzirisa zvose zvemuviri wako.
The Human Genome?
Izwi revanhu remunhu ikopi yakakwana yegadziriro yose yevanhu vemu gene gene instructions. Human Genome Project, yakagadzirirwa muna 2003, yakagadzirisa maitiro ose evanhu muDNA uye yakachengetedza ruzivo mune zvinyorwa kuitira kuti vatsvakurudzi vose vese vese vagone kushandisa.
Kunzwisisa Mutseuko
Izvo zvakarongeka zvezvikamu zviviri zveAs, Ts, Cs, uye Gs zvakakosha zvikuru muDNA yako. Dzimwe nguva pane kukanganisa-chimwe chezvikamu zviviri chinotanga kushanduka, chichidonhera, kana kuti chinodzokororwa. Izvi zvinoshandura coding kune rimwe kana kupfuura mazita emagenhi uye inonzi mazita ekugadzirisa mutemo. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinochinja hazvikuvadzi, asi zvimwe zvinogadzirisa zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere kana kutungamira kumabereki asina kukwana.
Imwe nzira iyo DNA yako code inogona kuchinjwa nayo nekukanganisa mumakromosomes ako. Zvikamu zvekromosome zvinogona kuvhara, shandura nechikamu cheimwe chromosome, kana kuti kuputirwa mukati memumwe chromosome. Kana chimwe chezvizvi kana zvimwe zvikanganiso zvichiitika zvino kuchinja, zvakare kunozivikanwa sekuchinja, kunoitika mukati mekunyorwa kwemajeni ako. Iwe unogonawo kuva nemakopi matatu echromosome, inozivikanwa se trisomy, kana kuti imwe chete chromosome, panzvimbo yeviri yakajairika. Down syndrome, inonziwo trisomy 21, inowanikwa kana pane makopi matatu echromosome 21.
Sources
- > Burton, Jess, & Jon Turney. The Rough Guide kuGenesis & Cloning . London: Rough Guide Ltd, 2007.
- > "Chii Chinonzi Gene?" Kunzwisisa Genetics. The Tech Museum yeInnovation. 21 Jan 2008.
- > "Maitiro Anokonzerwa Nehutachiona Hwakagarwa Sei?" Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 21 Jan 2008.
- > "The Basics And Beyond." Dzidza.Genetics. University of Utah. 21 Jan 2008.