Zvitsva Zvina uye Mabasa Ekutambudzika

Mafungiro Pamusoro Pokuti Vanhu Vanotsungirira Sei Kushungurudzika

Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa nezveElista Elisabeth Kübler-Ross uye "DABDA" pfungwa yake yezvikamu zvishanu zvekushungurudzika kunowanikwa nekufa, mamwe maonero anokonzera kushungurudza anosanganisira zvikamu, zvikamu, kana mabasa aripo. Ongorora zvinyorwa zvemashoko maviri anoshungurudzika ane chokuita nezvikamu zvina zvekutambudzika uye mabasa mana okuchema.

Zvaunofunga kusvika pakufa kwomunhu waunoda zvakanyanyisa uye munhu wose achaona kushungurudzika kwekutambudzika kwavo zvakasiyana.

Iwe unogona kufamba nepakati pezvikamu nokukurumidza, somuenzaniso, kana zvishoma nezvishoma; iwe unogona kutungamira kuburikidza navo mune rimwe divi, kana iwe unogona kutsika chikamu kana basa zvachose, kana kuti uwane kamwechete kamwechete. Zvisinei, iwe unofamba nenzira yekushungurudzika, tenda chete kuti ichava nzira yakarurama kwauri iwe paunoshandura kune chokwadi che kurasikirwa.

Zvine Zvitsva Zvokuchema

Muma1970, British psychiatrist Colin Murray Parkes uye mupfungwa wepfungwa John Bowlby vakagadzirira pfungwa inosanganisira zvikamu zvina kana zvikamu zvekutambudzika:

1. Kuvhunduka uye Nhutu: Ichi chikamu chinotevera kamwe chete kurasikirwa nekufa. Munhu ane shungu anonzwa asisina simba, iyo ndiyo nzira yekuzvidzivirira iyo inomubvumira kuti ararame mupfungwa munguva pfupi inotevera yekurasikirwa.
2. Kushuva uye Kutsvaga: Uyewo inonzi inonzi pine, iyi nharaunda inoratidzirwa nomunhu anenge achishungurudzika achida kana achishuva wakafa kuti adzoke kuzozadza chinhu chisina kuitwa nekufa kwake. Manzwiro mazhinji anoziva uye anoratidzwa panguva ino, zvakadai sekuchema, kutsamwa, kuzvidya mwoyo, kufungisisa, uye kuvhiringidzika.

1. Kusagadzikana uye Kuora Mwoyo: Munhu anoshungurudza kazhinji anoda kubvisa uye kubvisa kune vamwe uye mabasa aaiwanzofarira panguva iyi. Kubvuma kwechokwadi che kurasikirwa, kufirwa kwekunzwa nekutsvaga kunowedzera kuderera apo manzwiro ekusava nehanya, kutsamwa, kuora mwoyo, kusava netariro, uye kuwedzera kubvunzurudza.

1. Kugadziridzazve uye Kudzorera: Mugadziriro yekupedzisira, munhu anoshungurudza anotanga kudzokera kune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu e "evhangeri." Kurasikirwa kwemaviri kunowanikwa munguva yekuchema kukuru kunogona kushanduka, simba rinowedzera, uye kufarira zvinhu zvinonakidza zvinodzoka. Kushungurudzika hakugone kupera, asi pfungwa dzekushungurudzika uye kuora mwoyo dzinopera apo pfungwa dzakanaka dzevakafa dzinotora.

Nemhaka yokuti munhu wose anoshungurudzika nenzira yake uye anofambisa, hazvirevi kana kuti "nguva yakawanda" nguva yakawanda iyo vanhu vanoona / kupedzisa zvikamu izvi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kugamuchira kurasikirwa nekupa mazano uye / kana kujoka neboka rinotsigira rutsigiro kunogona kubatsira munhu ari kuchema kuti apfuure nepakati pamvura.

Mabasa mana ekuchema

Muna 1982, nyanzvi yepfungwa dzeAmerica William J. Worden akabudisa bhuku rake "Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy," iro rakapa pfungwa yake yemabasa mana ekuchema:

1. Gamuchira Ichokwadi cheRufu: Kuzadza chiso chakakwana nechokwadi chokuti munhu akafa uye haazodzoki ndiro basa rokutanga munhu ari kuchema anofanira kupedzisa. Pasina kuita izvi, hauzokwanisi kupfuurira kuburikidza nekuchema kuchema.
2. Kushanda Nenhamo Yenhamo: Zvaunoita kune rufu rwemudiwa zvinowanzova zvinorwadza, uye iwe uchava nemanzwiro akasiyana-siyana, akadai kutsamwa, mhosva, kutya, kuora mwoyo, kusuruvara, kuora mwoyo, nezvimwe. Basa iri rinotora nguva . Zvinoda avo vakafirwa kubvuma mafungiro aya akasiyana uye kurwadziwa, panzvimbo pokudzivisa kana kudzivisa manzwiro aya, kuitira kuti vashande kuburikidza navo.

1. Chigadzirisa Kunzvimbo Iyo Inenge Yisina Kukwana: Mukuwedzera kwekuchinja kwepfungwa uye / kana kwepfungwa, basa iri rinogona kuda kutora basa kana basa rakaitwa nemunhu akafa, uye richasiyana maererano nehukama hwehukama. Somuenzaniso, kana mumwe wako kana shamwari yako afa, basa iri rinogona kusanganisira iwe kutarisira mari yemhuri, kurera mwana oga, kuwana basa kana kudzokera kumabasa, nezvimwewo.
2. Tsvaga Kushamwaridzana Kusingagumi Nevaya Vakashata Paunotanga Upenyu Hutsva: Pasina chinhu chingaita kuti iwe ukanganwe zvachose nezvehukama hwako nevakafa, chinangwa ndechokuti uwane nzvimbo yakakodzera muupenyu hwako hwepfungwa uchifambira mberi uye kutanga kurarama zvakare. Izvi zvingada kurega kuenda kune zvibatanidzwa kuitira kuti hukama hutsva, hune chinangwa hunogona kutanga kuumba.

Kushanda kuburikidza nemabasa mana ekuchema kunogona kubatsira avo vakafirwa vanouya maererano nemararamiro avo uye kudzokera kune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano. Zvakare, kubatanidzwa mumapoka ekutsigira kana kufirwa kana kutsvaka mazano ekurwadziwa kunogona kubatsira vanhu kuti vafambe nemabasa aya.