Kumirira zviratidzo zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yeHIV Infection, Transmission
Pasina mubvunzo, kuziva zviratidzo nezviratidzo zveHIV zvakakosha, zvichibvumira munhu kutsvaga kuongororwa nenguva uye kurapwa panguva iyo achidzivirira kupararira kwehutachiwana kune vamwe.
Asi pane conundrum. Zvichipa kuti chirwere cheHIV chinokanganisa zvakanyanya kubva kune munhu kune mumwe munhu, ane zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana (kana kukwana zvachose), anogona here kunyatsovimbiswa "kuona zviratidzo" zveHIV mune nguva yekudzivirira kana utachiona kana kutapurika ?
Pakupedzisira, zviratidzo zveHIV hazvina kukwana kuzvidzivirira iwe kana vamwe kana kudzivirira kupindura panguva yakakodzera uye inozivikanwa. Kuita izvi kunoda kunzwisisa zvakajeka zviratidzo zveHIV uye kukwana kwezvavanogona kutitaurira.
Ichokwadi # 1: 60% yevanhu havazove nehupi zviratidzo munguva dzekutanga dze HIV
Apo hutachiona hweHIV hunoitika, 40% yevanhu vachaita zviratidzo zvakadai sechirwere, chirwere chinowanzozivikanwa seAacute retroviral syndrome (ARS) . Pakati pezvikamu zveAAR zvinoputika lymph glands (kazhinji zvakakomberedza mutsipa, mazamu, uye kugomera) uye dzimwe nguva marbilliform kuputika (kureva, tsvuku, nzvimbo yakadzika yakazara nemakumbo maduku, asina kunaka).
Zvechokwadi kuzivisa zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kungwarira munhu kuti atsvake kuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kurapwa, uye izvi zvakanaka. Asi kazhinji kacho, zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nekunetseka kunetseka pamusoro pechinhu chepabonde-kana kuti makondomu haana kushandiswa kana munhu wepabonde aive asina chimiro chisingazivikanwi-icho chinoita kuti akangwarire.
Ikozvino apo kumirira zviratidzo kunogona kuva chikanganiso chakaipa. Nokubatisisa kusvikira zviratidzo zvingaonekwa, kazhinji mukati me7-14 mushure mokunge ataridzika, munhu anenge arasikirwa nemukana wekutora post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) , iyo yemakore 28 emishonga yemishonga inogona kubvisa utachiona kana chirwere chakatangwa, zvakanaka, mukati ma24-36 maawa ekutsvaga.
Ichokwadi # 2: Zviratidzo zveHIV, Kana Ikoko, Kazhinji Kazhinji Haisi Yakajeka Sekusakanganiswa Nevarwere uye Vanachiremba Vanowanikwa
Parizvino, muUnited States, kune vanhu vane mamiriyoni 1.2 vane HIV, 20-25% avo vasina kuziva. Vakawanda vevasingazivi, varipo, vanonyatsoziva nezvehutano hwavo, asi vamwe vanofungidzira kuti vane hutachiona asi havamboiti, zvichida nekutya kusarura, kusarura kana kurambwa, kana kusafungirwa pamusoro pemishonga pachake.
Kuramba kwavo kunowanzobviswa nekushayikwa kwezviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvisiri izvo-zvingaita kuti zvive nyore kutariswa sechimwe chinhu. Funga, somuenzaniso, zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zveAAR:
- Fever
- Kuneta
- Headache
- Huro inorwadza
- Uturu uye hutano huri pamwe
Uyezve funga kupindura apo zviratidzo zvinopera zvinyangarika, sezvavanoda. Kugadziriswa kwezviratidzo panguva iyo inonzi yakanyanyisa nhanho inowanzokanganisa sechisimbiso chekuti utachiona hweHIV hauna kumboitika, zvichibvumira munhu iyeye kuenda asingateereri kwemakore panguva uye anogona kuuraya vamwe. Iko kukanganisa uye chakakomba zvikuru.
Chokwadi # 3: Kuonekwa Kwezviratidzo Kunowanzotora Makore, Nenguva Ipi Kukanganisa Kunokanganiswa Kwemuviri Kwingave Kuitwa
Zvirwere zvinopfurikidza (OIs) ndezvayazvipo pachavo kana kudzivirirwa kwevanhu kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kunobvumira kuti zvirwere zvirwere, kazhinji zvisingabatsiri kuvanhu vane utano, kuti vaonekwe kamwe.
Pakati pezvinonzi " latent stage" yehutachiona, apo HIV inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye inouraya CD4 + T-seli dzinodzivirirwa, zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zvisingakwanisi kunyange kana zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvichionekwa sezvishoma. Ikoko kunogona kuonekwa zvirwere zveganda, zvisingaiti nyore kutarisirwa, kana kuneta zvakakwana izvo munhu angazvipira kumhando ipi zvayo yezvinhu (semuenzaniso, basa, mhuri, makore).
Asi kana hutachiona hweHIV huchibvumirwa kuenda husina kutenderwa, neCD4 count ichikwira kusvika pasi pe2002, mukana wekuita chiitiko chikuru uri pamusoro. Uye kunyange zvazvo chiitiko chakadaro chinogona kutapurirwa, mari inoshandiswa mumuviri wako inogona kunge yakakwirira.
Kune mimwe mimwe miviri inozivikanwa yekupedzisira kwekutanga kweraretroviral therapy, kunyanya kune varwere vane maCD4 pasi pe200. Pakati pavo:
- Chinetso chikuru pakugadzirisa zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kumagariro akaenzana nevarwere vane chikwata chepamusoro cheCD4 chiverengero
- Mizinga yakakwirira yehutano-yakabatana nemigumisiro uye kusagadzikana kwezvinodhaka
- Dambudziko guru rekusava nehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hweHIV
- Kurasikirwa muhupenyu hwemakore (kuenzaniswa neupenyu huripo hunotarisirwa kune avo vanotanga kurapwa kare)
Izvi Zvinotitaurirei Chaizvo?
Mharidzo iyi yakajeka: zviratidzo chete hazvizombozivi kuti une HIV. Kwete. Kuongororwa kweHIV chete ndiko. Heano mitemo mishoma iwe unogona kutevera kuti uoneke zviri nani kuti uite chisarudzo chakanaka, kana zviratidzo zviriko kana kwete:
- Kana iwe uchida kuti wakambosangana neHIV, usamirira kuti uone kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvekutaura. Endai nokukurumidza kumakiriniki enyu kana kuti mukamuri yekukurumidzira uye tanga nzira ye post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), iyo inowanikwa zvirongwa zveinishuwarenzi.
- Iwe hauna kumirira kusvikira chimwe chinhu chakaitika kuti uwane HIV. Ikozvino yakakurudzirwa kuti vose veAmerica vane makore 15-65 vanoongororwa neHIV sechikamu chekushanya kwechiremba wenguva dzose. Vamwe, kusanganisira varume vaduku vanoita zvepabonde nevarume (MSM) , vanofanira kuongororwa nguva dzose. Kuongororwa kwakavanzika kweHIV kunowanika, pamwe chete nekutengeserana kuwanikwa, pamusha-saliva muedzo.
- Usarasikirwa neupenyu makore asingaverengeki apo kurapa kwemazuva ano kunogona kukuvimbisa iwe unhu hwakanaka, hupenyu hwehutano. Pasina mubvunzo, kubatsirwa kwekurapwa kwepakutanga kwakanyanya kudarika chero njodzi dzese dzinogona kuitika, nehutachizvarwa hutsva hwemishonga inobatsira madhiragi maduku emapiritsi uye zvisingabatsiri.
- Kana iwe usina HIV uye uri pangozi yakakura yekutapukirwa (zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwekondomu kusinganzwisisiki, vakawanda vanoita zvepabonde, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka / doro, HIV serodiscordancy), tsvaga HIV HIV-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kuderedza hutachiwana hwekuwana HIV .
Sources:
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Smith, D .; Grohskopf, L .; Black, R., et al. "Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis Mushure mekuita zvepabonde, kusagadzikana-kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, kana zvimwe zvisingaiti zvekushaya hutachiwana hweHIV muUnited States." Kushungurudza uye Kufa Vhiki Yevhiki. January 21, 2005; 55 (RR02): 1-20.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "CDC Fact Sheet | HIV muUnited States: Matanho Ekutarisira." Atlanta, Georgia; yakabudiswa muna July 2012.
Hasse, B,; Ledergerber, B ;; Egger, M., et al. "Kukwegura uye (Kwete-asina hutachiona hweHIV) Kusagadzikana mune vanhu vane HIV: Chidzidzo cheSwitzerland Cohort (SHCS)." 18th Conference pamusoro peRevroviruses uye Mikana Dzakasangana (CROI). Boston, Massachusetts; February 27-March 2, 2011; abstract 792.
Moyer, V. "Kuongorora kweHIV: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement." April 30, 2013. Annals we Internal Medicine. April 30, 2013; doi: 10.7326 / 0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00645.