Hatizivi zvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nekenza yemuyo, asi pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanzoisa njodzi zvinowedzera mukana wemumwe wekuvandudza chirwere chacho.
Muchirwere wepoyo unowanzoonekwa kune varume, kune avo vanosvuta kana vanorema, avo vakamboratidzwa kune mamwe makemikari kubasa, uye avo vane utano hwakadai sehuwandu hwemhepo. Chirwere chepachirwere chepoyo chinowedzerawo kune vanhu vane mhuri yemhuri yechirwere kana avo vakagara nhaka dzimwe genetic syndromes.
Chiitiko chekenza yemangwana chave ichiwedzera mumakore achangopfuura, kunyange zvazvo isu tisingaoneki kuti tinoziva nei. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti izvi hazvisi kuwedzerwa kwechokwadi, asi pane kuwedzerwa kukwanisa kuwana uye kuongorora chirwere ichi pamusana pekufungidzira maitiro akadai seT CT scans uye MRI inoongorora.
Kana iwe ukadzidza kuti uri pangozi yakawanda, unganzwa uchinetseka. Yeuka, kuva nehuwandu hwehuwandu hahuvimbisi kuti iwe uchava nekenza, uye kune zvimwe zvimwe zvinhu zviri mukutonga kwako. Taura nemudzidzisi wako wehutano nezvehupenyu hwekuchinja hupi unogona kuita sekutarisa uremu hwako, kurovedza muviri, uye kudya kwakanaka, uye edza zviratidzo zvinowanikwa kuitira kuti iwe uite maererano nekuita sezvinodiwa.
Lifestyle Risk Factors
Zvimwe zvinokonzera chirwere chepfungwa hazvina kuonekwa, asi tinoziva kuti kenza kazhinji inotanga apo mutsara wekuchinja mutsva muchirwere chesero chekare inoshandura kuti sero kune kenza yese.
Tine, zvisinei, takawana njodzi dzinokonzerwa nechirwere ichi. Njodzi dzinogona kuwedzera mukana wekuti munhu ave nekenza yemukenza yeperesi, asi haasi iye zvino anoita kuti kenza. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti vanhu vanogona uye vanoita kenza yephenyo kunyange zvazvo vasina mungozi dzechirwere ichi.
Zvimwe zvezvizivo zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwekenza yepuro zvinosanganisira zvinotevera.
Age
Mungozi yemukenza weperesi inowedzera kuwedzera nezera, kunyange aya kanzira akawanikwa muvanhu vezera rose, uye kunyange vana. Chirwere chinowanikwa chinowanzowanikwa pakati pezera remakore makumi mashanu nemakumi manomwe.
Zvepabonde
Chirwere chepemhi chinowanzoita kaviri sevarume mumadzimai.
Race
Ngozi yekenza yeperesi inopfuvura zvishoma kune vatsvuku pane vatsvene.
Geography
Iroyi kanzira inowanzozivikanwa pakati peavo vanogara mumaguta kunzvimbo dzekumaruwa.
Kusvuta
Kusvuta ipfungwa yakajeka yekenza yepenyo, uye avo vanosvuta vane 50 mukana wekuwedzera chirwere ichi. Kusvuta kunofungidzirwa kuti inokonzera 30 muzana yekenza yehapi muvarume uye 25 muzana yevakadzi.
Iyo ngozi inobatana nenhamba yemakore -pack inopfungaira, kana nhamba yefodya yakasvuta zuva nezuva yakawanda nekuwanda kwemakore munhu anosvuta. Kufanana nemuenzaniso wemukenza wemapapu, njodzi yemukenza wepfungwa inoderera apo munhu anoramba kusvuta asi anogona kuramba akasimudzira kwenguva yakareba. Iyo ngozi inowedzereka kune iyo yeasati asvuta-makore anenge gumi mushure mokusiya.
Kuwedzera muviri
Vanhu vane kuwandisa kana kuoma (vane miviri yemuviri yepamusoro kupfuura 30) vanowanzoita kuti vave nekenza yenguruve, uye kuneta kunofungidzirwa kuti inotakura 1 pa4 kanzira dzepfungwa.
Kuwedzera muviri kunounza kuchinja kwemahomoni emuviri anogona kuenderana nehutano uhwu.
Mishonga
Kune mimwe mishonga inonyatsobatanidzwa nekenza yempfungwa, uye vamwe apo isu tisati tisina chokwadi kana kune ngozi.
Rimwe boka remishonga inorwadza rave rave richibatanidzwa nekenza yempfungwa. Phenacetin, a painkiller yaimbova yakashandiswa zvikuru, yakarambidzwa muUnited States muna 1983 nekuda kwechinhu ichi. Izvo zvakati, kune vanhu vari kurarama nhasi avo vangangodaro vakashandisa mushonga, saka zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba wako pamusoro pehupi matambudziko ehutano hwawakave nawo munguva yakapfuura. Zvinoratidzika kuti Phenacetin inonyanya kuisa njodzi yekuvandudza chirwere chacho.
Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana kuti chiitiko chekenza yepenyo (mu renal pelvis) muAustralia yakaderera ne 52 muzana yevakadzi uye 39 muzana muvarume pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu mushure mokunge yakarambidzwa munyika iyoyo muna 1979.
Pane kumwe kunetseka kuti nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like Advil (ibuprofen) inogona kuwedzera ngozi. A link yakawanikwawo pakati pekushandiswa kwe aspirin uye Tylenol (acetominophen) uye nekenza yempfungwa. Zvengozi idzi dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzinonyanya kukonzerwa nokuwedzerwa kwemishonga iyi yekurwadziwa asi chikonzero chakakosha chekushandisa izvi kugadzirira apo kana zvakakodzera.
Diuretics kana "mapiritsi emvura" (kunyanya, hydrochlorothiazide) inogonawo kubatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekenza yepempi. Parizvino, hazvive nechokwadi kana ngozi inobatanidza nekushandiswa kwemishonga iyi kuporesa ropa rakanyanya kana nekuda kwekuvapo kwehuwandu hwemhepo pachayo.
Medical Conditions
Mishonga yakave yakabatanidzwa nekukura kwekenza yempfungwa inosanganisira:
- Kuwedzera kweropa: Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, hazvive nechokwadi kana kuwedzerwa kwepamusoro kweropa chinhu chinokonzerwa nekenza yempfungwa, kana kuti pane mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa mamiriro acho.
- Nhoroondo ye lymphomas: Hazvizivikanwe kana lymphomas inogadzirisa munhu kune chirwere chepfungwa, pasinei kuti kanzira dzose dzine chikamu chemuviri mutation, kana kuti mazai anoshandiswa kurapa lymphomas ndiwo anokonzera ngozi yakawedzerwa.
- Immunosuppression: Kuvharirwa kwezvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri, zvichida nekuda kwezvinodhaka zvechirongwa chemuviri, zvakagadzirirwa zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira, zvakagamuchira zvirwere zvakadai seHIV / AIDS, kana mamwe maitiro ekudzivirira muviri kunowedzera dambudziko.
- Nhoroondo yekenza yehutano: Vanhu vane chirwere chetachiona vanoita seviri kusvika kanomwe zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa kuva nekenza yepenyo. Hazvinyatso chokwadi kana kenza yekeroti (kana kurapa kwayo) inobata basa rakananga, kana kuti panzvimbo iyo kana kuchinja kwemajeni sekuya kwechirwere chinopesana nemasikirwo emagetsi kunoita kuti pave nehutano hwemukondombera ose.
- Chirwere cheshuga: Njodzi yekenza yeperesi yakanyanya kudarika kune vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga, kunyanya avo vakamborapwa ne insulin.
- Kurapa kwechirwere cheimwe kenza: Vakadzi vane mazai emukenza wekenza, kana varume vane radiation yekenza yepereticular, vane ngozi yakakwirira.
- HIV / AIDS: Immunosuppression chete ndiyo chinhu chinokonzera kenza yempfungwa, asi mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa HIV inowedzera kuwedzera ngozi.
- Chirwere chepfungwa chinopfurikidza : Vanhu vane zvirwere zvepfungwa zvepamusoro, zvikurukuru avo vari pa dialysis, vane ngozi yakawedzerwa.
- Kurwara kwehepatitis C kusingaperi: Munguva pfupi yapfuura, hepatitis C yakawanikwa zvakare kuwedzera mukana wekenza yempfungwa. Iko zvino inokurudzirwa kuti ani zvake akaberekwa pakati pa1945 na1965 ane ropa rekuongorora kuvhara hepatitis C , sezvo chirwere ichi kazhinji chisina zviratidzo kusvikira chaita chakakanganisika.
- Iphiwo matombo: Iroyi mabwe anogona kunge ari pangozi muvarume, asi kushamwaridzana hakuchina kuonekwa nevakadzi.
Chemical Exposures
Kunyanya kusvibiswa kwezvinhu uye chemikemikari inokonzera ngozi inobatanidza ne-ye-basa (kushanda) kuisa pachena. Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira kutaridzirwa kune trichlorethylene (an organic solvent inoshandiswa kupora pepa kubva kune zvimbi), perchlorethylene (inoshandiswa pakuchenesa zvakaoma uye kushandiswa kwesimbi), cadmium (inowanikwa mumatribheti e cadmium), asbestos (inowanikwa mukuvakwa kwekare), benzene (yakawanikwa mu petrooline uye kunetseka kwevashandi vemagetsi emagetsi), uye mamwe emishonga inoshandiswa (inoshandiswa mukurima).
Zvibereko Zvinobereka
Migumisiro inobva kuongororo imwe chete inoratidzika inoratidza kuti vakadzi vane hysterectomy vane mungozi yakawanda yekuwedzera kenza yempfungwa (inenge 28 peresenti mune imwe uye 41 muzana mune imwe). Kusiyana neizvi, mungozi yekenza yepfungwa yakaderera kune vakadzi vane nguva yavo yokutanga (kumwedzi) panguva inotevera, uye avo vakashandisa mapiritsi ekuberekwa (muromo wemuromo).
Genetics
Vanhu vazhinji vanovaka mutsara wehvo havakwanisi nhoroondo yemhuri yehutachiona, asi kuva nehupenyu hwemumaperembudzi hweperesi kunowedzera dambudziko rako. Kuva nechiremba chekutanga chinosangana nechirwere (mubereki, hama, kana mwana) inowedzera dambudziko, asi njodzi inopfuura kana mukoma kana ane chirwere ichi (kureva chirevo chezvakatipoteredza). Ngozi yekenza yeperesi yakanyanya zvakare apo dzimwe nhengo imwechete (kunyange yakawedzerwa hama) dzine chirwere, uye kunyanya kune avo vane nhengo yemhuri iyo yakaonekwa kuti vasati vava nemakore makumi mashanu kana kuti vane kenza imwe yemaperembudzi.
Kana vamwe vanopfuura imwe nhengo yemhuri vave vakaonekwa kuti vane kenza yemangwana, kana kana nhengo dzemhuri dzave dzichiongororwa pazera remakore, kune chiitiko chekuti rimwe remararamiro anonzi syndromes ari pasi apa angagona kufamba mumhuri yako. Penguva ino, zvakadaro, kuedza kwekuberekwa kuri muhucheche hwaro. Kuwedzera kwemararamiro emuviri nemararamiro ekuchinja anowanzoonekwa mune ramangwana.
Mukuwedzera kune zvakaitika mumhuri, vanhu vane mazita eine genetic syndromes vane ngozi yakakwirira. Aya syndromes iye zvino anofungidzirwa kuenzanisa 5 kubva muzana kusvika ku8 muzana yekenza yeutsvo, uye anosanganisira:
- Kubva kuna Hippel-Lindau syndrome : Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vane ngozi yakanyanya yekujekesa cell renal carcinoma (inenge 40 muzana yevanhu vanoudza chirwere), nekuda kwekuchinja kweVHL gene
- Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma
- Hereditary leiomyoma-renal cell-renal cell carcinoma
- Chirwere cheBirt-Hogg-Dube
- Cowden syndrome
- Tuberous sclerosis
> Sources:
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Kidyo Kanzera: Ngozi Dambudziko uye Kudzivirira. Yashandurwa 08/2017.
> Antoni, S., Soerjomataram, I., Moore, S. et al. Bhani rePhenacetin rinosanganiswa neKushandurwa kweKubata kweUpper-Urinary Tract Cancers muAustralia. Journal yeAustralia neNew Zealand yeHurumende yeHuzhinji . 2014. 38 (5): 455-8.
> Balakrishnan, M., Glover, M., Kanwal, F. et al. Hepatitis C uye Dambudziko reNhehepatic Malignancies. Clinical Liver Disease . 2017. 21 (3): 543-554.
> Karami, S .., Mwanasikana, S., Schonfeld, S. et al. Zvibereko Zvinobereka uye Kansa yeAyiyo Njodzi muUnited States Cohort Studies, 1993-2010. American Journal of Epidemiology . 2013. 177 (12): 1368-77.