Kakawanda kenza yepachifu inouraya inowanzosarudzwa
Subungual melanoma iyo inonziwo kenza yemavambo echipikiri, inoratidziro yezvakaipa zvinomuka mumatumbu emubhedha wemisodzi. A melanoma rudzi rwekenza inowanikwa mumasero anonzi melanocytes. Melanocytes ndiwo masero anokonzera melanin, iyo pigment inopa ganda, bvudzi, uye mavara avo.
Kunyange zvazvo subungual melanomas inowanikwa kakawanda pachigunwe kana chikuru, inogona kuitika pane chero zvigunwe kana zvigunwe.
Vanowanzosarudzwa zvisina kufanana sehutachiona hwehutachiona nekuda kwechimiro chavo chinoshandiswa muvara uye kusungirirwa kwembambo.
Subungual melanoma inenge isiri iyo mamiriro ezvinhu uye inowanzoitika kune vanhu vane ganda rakaoma. MuAsia, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vazhinji vanenge 20 muzana ye melanomas ndiyo subungual melanomas. Zvinowanzoitika kune vanhu pakati pemakore makumi mana nemakumi manomwe.
Zviratidzo
Subungual melanomas kazhinji inowanzoita sehova dzine rima dzinomhanya kwenguva refu (zvinongoratidzika kune cuticle). Zvinenge hafu yezvikwereti izvi zvakasvibirira, bhuruu, kana kuti zvakasviba, asi imwe hafu isiri-pigmented.
Sezvo kenza inofambira mberi, mamwe mararamiro angangowoneka, kazhinji ane mavara akasiyana. Sezvo nguva ichifambira mberi, chikamu chiri pedo nekateti chinogona kuwedzera.
Chiratidzo cheHutchinson ndechimwe chinhu chinowanzowanikwa mune dzakawanda subungual melanomas. Izvi zvinoreva kutaridzika kwe streak kunowedzera kubva kumusoro kwembambo kusvika munzira yevheiri (apo mbambo inotanga) uye mukati meikateti pachayo.
Izvi zvinozviparadzanisa kubva kune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu akabatanidzwa nemasipi maererano nehutano hwahwo, kureba kwenguva yakareba, nekubatanidzwa kwekate.
Sezvo maranoma ichiri kuramba ichikura, inogona kukonzera kubuda ropa, kuumbwa kwegununu, kana kuora kumusana wacho pachako.
Kuziva
Kunyatsozivikanwa kunowanzoitwa nekunyatsotarisa kwembambo nesonda.
Dermatologists vachashandisa chimbo chinonzi dermascope chinovapa maonero akakurumbira emisungo uye zvisikwa zvakapoteredza.
Pakupedzisira, kuongororwa kunoonekwa kune zvisingakwanisi, kunyanya sezvo zvisingamboonekwi. Somugumisiro, inowanzokanganisa zvimwe, zvinowanzoitika, zvakadai se:
- Subungual hematoma , kuputika pasi pembambo iyo isina kukwirirana kwekemukoma
- Zvirwere zvefungal (onychomycosis) izvo zvinowanzova nerima, zvisingasviki kwenguva refu zvakaperekedzwa nemashizha kana machena
- Muruzi (nevi) iyo isingagoni kuonekwa mumitsara
- Dutu re melanin pasi pemisungo iyo inogona kuitika semugumisiro wekudzivirira (pamwe chete nekemotherapy kana remishonga inonzi radiation)
A definitive diagnosis ingangogadzirwa chete ne biopsy (kubviswa uye kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa).
Kana chirwere chinonzi melanoma chichifungidzirwa, kusanganisa biopsy kunowanzoitwa kuitira kubvisa chironda chose uye zvimwe zvezvisikwa zvakapoteredza. Chirwere chisina kuvhara kana chinonzi incisional biopsy chinogona kushandiswa kana kuonekwa kunoonekwa kusinganzwisisiki.
Kurongedza Melanoma
Zvichienderana nehukuru nekudzika kwe subungual melanoma, kuongororwa kunozodiwa kunotarisa danho rechirwere. Sezvimwe nezvimwe mhando dzekenza, danho rinogona kusiyana kubva mucarcinoma in situ (pre cancer) kusvika pakugadzira chirwere chechina chemasastasi (apo kenza yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo).
Kuti uone kana chironda chinonzi melanoma chakagadziriswa, pane zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana izvo oncologist inogona kushandiswa kuisanganisira biopsy yeetinel lymph nodes (nodes iri pedyo nechomuviri) uye maitiro ekufungidzira akaita seomutoriyuta tomography (CT scan) kana positron emission tomography (PET scan) .
Risk Factors
Kunyange zvazvo tisingazivi chinokonzera subungual melanoma, tinoziva zvakawanda zvezvipingamupinyi zvinobatanidzwa nekugadzirwa kwayo.
Chinhu chimwe chete chisingaratidzi sechimwe chinhu-uye chinochiparadzanisa kubva kune dzimwe dzose mhando dze melanoma - zuva kubuda. Ultraviolet (UV) mihizha kubva kune zuva kana zvimwe zvinokonzera hazvibatsiri kukura kwayo kana kuti inokurudzira kukurumidza kwairi kuitika.
Zvinhu zvinokonzera ngozi zvinowedzera chikamu zvinosanganisira:
- Kutambudzika kwakapfuura kuminwe kana zvigunwe (kuwanikwa kunowanikwa)
- Nhoroondo yemunhu kana yemhuri ye melanoma
- Multiple moles
- Kuvhara mafungiro emusana, kusanganisira vagashiri vemuviri uye vanhu vane HIV yakakura
- Genetics, yakadai seyaya ine nhaka inonzi xeroderma pigmentosa (yakanyanya kunzwisiswa nemirairo yeUV)
Kurapa
Kurapa kwe subungual melanomas kwakachinja zvikuru mumakore achangopfuura. Munguva yakapfuura, kubudiswa kwechigunwe chese kana chigunwe kwaionekwa sekurapa kusarudzwa.
Nhasi, zhinji subungual melanomas inobatwa zvakanyanya nekuchengetwa kwemukati chete kubviswa kwemarara. Kana kupindirwa kunoratidzwa, kunowanzobatanidza chete nhengo yokutanga iri pedo neminwe. Nezvikwereti, kutemerwa kumusangano wechipiri kunowanikwa.
Kubvunzurudzwa kwebhuku rezvekurapa kwegore ra2014 kwakaratidza kuti nzira yakanyanyisa yekugadzirisa inogona kushanda pamwe chete nekudzora zvakakwana; uyezve, kukanganisa kwakakwana kwakange kusati kuratidzwa kuti kuvandudze kupona.
Nokuda kwekutanga subungual melanoma, mamwe maitiro ehutano angada kudiwa, kusanganisira:
- Chemotherapy, yakapiwa kana yakagadziriswa kuburikidza nemuviri kana kuti zvakananga mumuviri
- Radiation therapy, inoshandiswa kunyanya sekurapa kurapa kuderedza marwadzo
- Immunotherapy , maitiro matsva ekurapa kwekenza iyo inofanirwa kukurudzira maitiro ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kurwisa masero anokonzera kenza
- Targeted therapies, madhiragi anokwanisa kutarisa kushanduka kwe BRAF kunoitika mu50 muzana yevhutuko remanyoka
Mhinduro kumushonga inogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya maererano nesero rekenza. Migumisiro yevanhu vane subungual melanoma inowanzova varombo kupfuura mamwe maitiro e-melanoma, kazhinji nekuda kwekunonoka mukutsvaga kutsvaga uye kurapwa.
Izvi zvinongoratidzira kukosha kwekuita kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinjwa kumusungo kana ganda rinoratidzika sechinhu chisina kunaka kana kuti rinokundikana kuva nani. Kupindira kwepakutanga ndiyo nzira yakasimba yekuwana kubudirira kwehutano.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana wakamboonekwa kuti une subungual melanoma, zvakakosha kuwana nyanzvi inowanikwa nechirwere ichi. Subungual melanomas hazvina kujairika, uye kushaya ruzivo kunogona kukonzera nzira isingakoshi yekurapa.
Kunyange zvazvo uine boka rakanaka rekuchengetedza rakakukomberedza rinokosha, iwe unoramba uine chikamu chakakosha chechikwata ichocho. Dzidza zvakawanda zvaunokwanisa pamusoro pekenza yako. Kumbira kubatsirwa uye kubvuma rubatsiro. Iva nechokuita nemasangano ekutsigira muIndaneti vanogona kugovana zvavanowana uye kunzwisisa.
Uye ita nharo yekuve iwe mumutevedzeri wako mukuchengetedzwa kwekenza yako. Zvinonyatsoita mutsauko.
> Sources
- > Cochran, A .; Buchanan, P .; Bueno, R .; et al. "Subungual Melanoma: A Review of Current Treatment." Kurapa Kweplasitiki uye Kuvandudza . 2014; 134 (2): 259-73.
- > Nguyen, J .; Bakri, K ;; Nguyen, E .; et al. "Surgical Surgery of Subungual Melanoma: Mayo Clinic Chiitiko Chezviitiko 124." Annals of Plastic Surgery . 2013; 71 (4): 346-54.
- > Ohn, J .; Choe, Y .; Park, J .; et al. "Dermoscopic Patterns of Fungal Melanoychia: Chidzidzo Chekuenzanisa nezvimwe Zvinokonzera Melanonychia." Nyaya yeAmerican Academy yeDermatology . Gumiguru 25, 2016 (Epub mberi kwekudhinda).