Zvitsva zvinodhaka zvidzidzo zvinopa zvakanyanya glycemic control
Kurapa kwechirwere cheshuga chechipiri kwakashandurwa mumakore gumi apfuura nekuiswa kwemishonga mitsva, madhigiriji emishonga, uye nzira dzokurapa. Kufambira mberi uku kunopa diabhesi mararamiro akakura emishonga inobatanidza inokwanisa kukwanisa kukurira zvakasimba glycemic control pamusoro penguva refu.
Mishonga inogamuchirwa inoputsika neboka remishonga, rimwe nerimwe rinopa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita.
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors inoshanda nekudzivirira Dynamic DPP-4 inoparadza hormone incretin. Incretins anobatsira mutumbi kubereka insulini yakawanda kana zvichidiwa uye kuderedza kuwanda kwehuglusi inobudiswa nechiropa kana isingadi. Iko kune mairi mashanu DPP-4 inhibitors inobvumirwa neU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
- Januvia (sitagliptin)
- Galvus (vildagliptin)
- Onglyza (saxagliptin)
- Tradjenta (linagliptin)
- Nesina (alogliptin)
Incretin Mimetics
Sezvakanyorwa nezita ravo, incretin mimetics inoshandisa nekutevedzera chiito chekudzidzira kuti chikurudzire kugadzirwa kwe insulini . Vanotadzisawo muzinga wekudya kuitira kuti glucose inopinda muropa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kune mahlanu incretin mimetics iye zvino anogamuchirwa neDAA ayo anopiwa nejecha uye anoshandiswa kune vanhu vasina kukwanisa kudzora shuga yavo yeropa nemishonga yemuromo:
- Byetta (exenatide)
- Victoza (liraglutide)
- Trulicity (dulaglutide)
- Tanzeum (albiglutide)
- Lyxumia (lixisenatide)
Iyo inozivikanwawo seGLP-1 receptor agonists , mishonga inoshandiswa pamwe chete nemishonga yemuromo uye inouya kune yakagadzirwa injector pens. Haisi insulini kana kuti inoshandiswa panzvimbo ye insulini.
Selective Sodium-Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors
Sarudzo sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SSGT-2) inhibitors inogona kukonzera shuga yeropa nokuita kuti itsvo dzibvise glucose kubva mumuviri kuburikidza nemuviri.
Kune zvitatu zvinoshandiswa neDDA-zvinogamuchirwa nemishonga:
- Invokana (canagliflozin)
- Farxiga (dapagliflozin)
- Jardiance (empagliflozin)
Amylin Analogs
Amylin analogs ndiwo manmade versions ehomoni amylin ayo anoshandiswa nepancreas kuderedza shuga dzeropa. Amylin analogs anonunurwawo nemajojo uye anoshandiswa pamwe chete ne insulin nokuda kwekudzivirira ropa kweglucose. Ikozvino pane imwe nzira yeDA-yakagamuchirwa:
- Symlin (pramlintide acetate)
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas ndiyo yakarembera mumuromo mishonga yechiropa cheshuga uye, kusvika muna 1995, iga chete inowanikwa yekutarisa chirwere cheshuga chechipiri. Sulfonylureas inoshanda nekukurudzira pancreas kusunungura insulini yakawanda muropa.
Kune zvizvarwa zvakawanda zve sulfonylureas; yechipiri nechechitatu ndiyo inonyanya kutaurwa. Pamusoro peavo vanogamuchirwa neCDA:
- Chizvarwa chekutanga: Orinase (tolbutamide), Tolinase (tolazamide), uye Diabinese (chlorpropamide)
- Chizvarwa chechipiri: Glucotrol (glipizide), Micronase (glyburide), uye Diabeta (glyburide)
- Chizvarwa chechitatu: Amaryl (glimepiride)
Biguanides
Biguanides inoderedza kuwanda kwemushuga unobudiswa nechiropa ichiita kuti muviri uwedzere kuvhara insulini. Iko kune maitiro maviri eDAA anogamuchirwa emushonga mumwe chete:
- Glucophage (metformin)
- Glucophage XR (yakawedzerwa-release metformin)
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors inononoka kutendeuka kwemakinehydrates kuenda kune glucose panguva yekudya. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza maitiro eropa rehuga uye kudzivirira shuga kubva pakukwirira zvakakwirira. Pane zvingasarudzwa zviviri zvakagamuchirwa neCDA:
- Precose (acarbose)
- Glyset (miglitol)
Thiazolidinediones
Thiazolidinediones inosimudzira masero uye mafuta masero kuti agamuchire insulini nyore nyore. Zvose izvi zvinokonzera dzimwe njodzi dzehutano dzinoda kubvunzurudza vasati vatanga kurapwa. Iyo FDA yakagamuchira madawa maviri evhaazolidinedione muUnited States:
- Avandia (rosiglitazone)
- Actos (pioglitazone)
Muna Mbudzi 2007, FDA yakabudisa kurindira kwekuchengeteka pamusoro pengozi yekurwadziwa kwemoyo uye zvimwe zviitiko zvepfungwa paunotora Avandia. Zvimwe zvinokonzera kukonzera kubvumirwa kweAvandia naActos muFrance neGermany.
Meglitinides
Meglitinides inogona kubatsira kukurudzira kubudisa insulin kana kune glucose muropa. Kana shuga yeropa iri shoma, mishonga haina kunyanya kushanda. Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa neDAA zvinosanganisira:
- Prandin (repaglinide)
- Starlix (nateglinide)
> Kwakabva:
> US Food and Drug Administration. "FDA-Yakagamuchirwa Cheshuga Mishonga." Silver Spring, Maryland.