Ubongo ischemia, inozivikanwawo sechirebral ischemia kana cerebrovascular ischemia, inowanikwa apo pane kuwandisa kwekuwedzerwa kweropa kutevera kuuropi. Oxygen uye zvinovaka muviri zvinotakurwa muropa kuburikidza nemariti, ayo ari mishonga yeropa inotakura okisijeni uye muchero-mucheche kune rimwe rutivi rwemuviri.
Mishonga inopa ropa kuuropi inotevera imwe nzira inoita kuti zvikamu zvose zvehuropi zviwane zvakakwana zvinopa neropa kubva kune imwe kana mishonga yakawanda.
Apo ariti iri muuropi inodziviswa kana kucheneswa, izvi zvinotungamirira kuakisikiti yakaderedza kupa munharaunda yeuropi iyo inotenderera pane imwe arteri.
Kunyange kukanganisa kwenguva pfupi mumhepo inokonzera kunogona kukanganisa basa remhepo yakakosha-inopera yeuropi. Zvechokwadi, kana masero europi akashaiwa oksijeni kwemaawa mashomanana mashoma, kukanganisa kwakanyanya kunogona kuitika, izvo zvingaguma nekufa kwemakumbo europi. Urwu ruzhinji rwehuputi hunofa rufu runozivikanwawo sechirwere cheparction kana ischemic stroke.
Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zveuropi ischemia zvinogona kubva pane zvinyoro kusvika zvakanyanya. Vanogona kutora kubva kumasekondi mashomanana kusvika kumaminitsi mashomanana. Kana iri ischemia iri pfupiso uye ichigadzirisa zvisati zvasagadziriswa zvachose (infarction) inogona kuitika, saka chiitiko chacho chinowanzotaurwa sechirwere chisingaoneki chinopesana (TIA.)
Kana uropi hukavhiringidzika semugumisiro weIschemia, zviratidzo zvingave zvisingagumi.
Zviratidzo zveuropi ischemia zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Muviri utera pane imwe kana kumativi ose emumuviri
- Kurasikirwa kwekunzwa pane imwe kana mativi maviri omumuviri
- Kuvhiringidzika kana kuora mwoyo
- Kuchinja mukuonekwa kweimwe kana maviri maziso
- Chizutu, Vertigo
- Chiono chechipiri
- Slurred speech
- Kurasikirwa kwekuziva kana kuderedza pfungwa
Aina
Ubongo ischemia inogona kuiswa mumhando shomanana dzakasiyana.
Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Chirwere-ichi ndicho chimiro cheIschemia chinokonzerwa nekuvhara ropa remudziyo, kazhinji nekuda kwechivharo cheropa kana kuti kusangana kamwe kamwe kweyeri.
- Embolic - ichi ndicho chimiro che ischemia chinokonzerwa neropa rekuvhara iro rinoumba muyiti uye rinofamba kune rimwe (kazhinji kari duku) ariti, zvichiita kuti kuvhara muende inosvika.
- Hypoperfusion- izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushayikwa kweropa. Kurwadziwa kwemwoyo, kurasikirwa kweropa kwakanyanya kubva mukushungurudzika kana kuvhiyiwa kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwehuwandu hwekuyerera kweropa kuuropi.
Iyo ischemia inogona kukanganisa nzvimbo duku yeuropi, kana inogona kukanganisa nzvimbo huru yeuropi kana kunyange utano hwose.
- Focal ischemia yakavharirwa kune imwe nzvimbo yeuropi. Inowanzoitika apo ropa rakavhara ropa rakavhara ariti muuropi. Focal ischemia inogona kuva mugumisiro weprombus or embolus.
- Global ischemia inokanganisa nzvimbo yakakura yeuropi uye kazhinji inowanikwa apo ropa rinopa kuuropi rakaderedzwa zvakanyanya kana rakamira. Izvi zvinowanzokonzerwa nekusungwa kwemwoyo.
Zvinokonzera
Ubongo ischemia hunobatanidzwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana kana kusakanganiswa. Zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera:
- Sickle cell anemia kana zvimwe zvirwere zveropa.
- Mishonga yeropa isina kunaka
- Arterial plaque buildup
- Congenital heart defects
- Chirwere chemoyo
- Ropa rinovhara
- Low blood pressure
- Kumira kurova kwemoyo
- Ventricular tachycardia
Shoko Rinobva
Ubongo ischemia inogona kudziviswa. Kurapa kweuropi ischemia kunosanganisira mishonga yakawanda inoshandiswa pakurapa nekudzivirira kwechirwere chechemeresi.
Kudzivirirwa kweuropi ischemia kunosanganisira mishonga inogona kukubatsira kuti uwane kukodzera kweropa rako , pamwe nemishonga yekuderedza ropa rekutsvaira uye mafuta. Kuchinja kwezvokudya kunogonawo kubatsira pakuwana chilesterol yakakwana.
Kurapa kwechimbichimbi ischemia kunosanganisira mushonga wokurapa , Alteplase (tPA) .
Kana ichitarisirwa mukati maawa matatu ekuongororwa, chirwere ichi chinokurumidzira chave chiratidzwa kuti chivandudze chirwere chekurapa mushure mekurohwa.
Dzimwe nguva, mushure mekurohwa, vamwe vanopukunyuka vari pangozi yakakura yekukuvara mushure mekurohwa . Mishonga yekurwisa-gadzirisa inogona kubatsira kudzivirira zvimwe zvinokonzera kushungurudzika uye zvinogonawo kudzora kuguma kwekurwadziwa kwepasipo kana vachikudziridza.
> Sources:
> Preconditioning in Neuroprotection: Kubva Hypoxia kusvika Ischemia. Li S, Hafeez A , Noorulla F, Geng X, Shao G, Ren C, Lu G, Zhao H, Ding Y, Ji X, Prog Neurobiol. 2017 Jan 18. pii: S0301-0082