Maitiro eBongo evanhu Anopindirana sei
Haisi chakavanzika chokuti vanhu vari mhuka dzekugara. Kubudirira kwe Twitter, Facebook, uye mamwe maitiro ehupfambidzani munguva ichangopfuura yakasimbisa kudiwa kwedu kwevanhu kwekubatana.
Pasinei nekukurukurirana kwehutano kuve kwakakosha kune zvinoitika kuvanhu, hazvisi nyore nguva dzose. Zvechokwadi, zvinotora chikamu chose chehuropi hwemunhu, zviri pachena kuti chinhu chakaoma kupfuura zvose chakasikwa, kushanda uye kutamba zvakanaka nevamwe.
Kuziva zviratidzo zvevanhu
Nhanho yekutanga mukubatana kwevanhu vevanhu ndiko kuona hutano hunokosha hwevanhu. Isu tinoteerera kune zvinotaurwa nevanhu uye kuti zvinotaurwa sei, chengetedza zvinyorwa zvishomanana zvekutaridzika kwemaziso, kubhadhara zvakanyanya kuti tinonzwa sei, uye kunamatira nyota dzedu mukunyangadza kana mumwe munhu anotsvaira zvakaipa. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinotsigira pane imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana yeuropi.
Somuenzaniso, fusiform gyrus , iri pedyo nenheyo yeuropi, inonyanyobatanidzwa pakuona zviso, uye iyo yakanakisisa yakanakisa temporal sulcus kune rumwe rutivi rweuropi inotibatsira kuona kana mumwe munhu ari kutarisa. Chimwe chikamu chechipipital chakatsaurirwa kucherechedza dzimwe miviri yevanhu. Nzira yekushanduka-shanduka yekare inobatanidza yakakura colliculus, iyo inobatsira kudzora ruzivo rwekuona ruzivo, uye amygdala, iyo inodzora manzwiro evanhu akasimba.
Uhu hwedu hunotaridzirwawo mumanzwi evanhu. Yose yakashandiswa neural network yakazvipira kune mutauro, iyo iripo kune rumwe rutivi rworuboshwe rweuropi mune vanopfuura 90 muzana yevanhu.
Nhandare yakafanana iripo kurudyi rweuropi iyo inotsanangura zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa zvinowedzera uye nzira dzokuti vanhu vawedzere zvikamu zvezvinoreva mazwi avo ataurwa.
Mhedziso yekubata inotumira mashoko kune insula, iyo inogona kukurudzira manzwiro ekunzwa. Mhedziso yekunhuhwirira yakanyatsopindirana nechembic system, iyo inoita manzwiro emanzwiro nemitemo.
Anenge mutsara wega wega watinayo wirings yakasiyana-siyana kune manzwiro, kunyanya apo vamwe vanhu vanobatanidzwa.
Kuchirwa Mashoko
Nhanho inotevera inokosha mukukurukurirana kwevanhu vevanhu ndiko kusarudza kana zviratidzo zvehutano zvakakosha chaizvo. Nzvimbo dzakananga dzehuropi dzinoita kuti mafungiro ekutanga apindure pamagariro evanhu. Ko inzwi romumwe munhu rinofanira kutikanganisa zvakanyanya sezvarinongoita here? Kuonekwa kweumwe munhu kunorevei chaizvo, uye tiri kunyanyisa here?
Icho mukati mukati meuropi, amygdala inoratidzika kunge inonyanya kushandiswa mukusarudza kuti ndeipi yezvakawanda zvinowanikwa mumagariro evanhu ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Mumwe anogona kufunga nezveamygdala seanosangana nechiratidzo chinouya nekunzwa kwepfungwa. Vanhu vane uipi kumamygdala avo vane nguva yakaoma vachiona zviso zvinotyisa, uye havatariri maziso evamwe kuitira kuti vanzwisise manzwiro.
Iyo insula inokosha zvakare mukupa manzwiro emanzwiro emhando dzakasiyana, dzakadai sokusarudza kana chimwe chinhu chinyangadza. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakakosha mune zvehupenyu, sezvo insula ndiyo inoratidza kusakanganiswa kwe, kureva, kusingaperi kwekuputira mumapapiro munharaunda. Zvipembenene munharaunda ino yeuropi zvinotungamirira mukusava nehanya kwezvinhu zvisina kukodzera. Mune chirwere chinonzi frontotemporal dementia , somuenzaniso, kushaya simba kunogona kuisa pasi maitiro akadaro sekusava nehanya nehumwe hutsanana.
Inzvimbo inozivikanwa seanterior cingulate cortex inoita kugadzirisa mukupindura kumamiriro akasiyana. Anterior cingulate cortex yakabatana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvehuropi, uye ndiyo nzvimbo iyo manzwiro anoshandurwa kuita chiito. Somuenzaniso, kana insula ichitonga kuti chimwe chinhu chinonyangadza, iyo yekare inofungidzira cortex inotumira ruzivo kune zvikamu zvehuropi zvinoshanda pamwechete kuti ichiti "yuck." Vanhu vane chirwere munzvimbo iyi vanogona kunge vasina hanya, kunyange kusvika pakusvikira akinetic mutism , apo mumwe munhu asina chikonzero chekutotama kana kutaura zvachose.
The orbitofrontal cortex pazasi uye mberi kweuropi inoratidza apo kupinda kwemashoko evanhu kunobatsira.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza, somuenzaniso, kuti nzvimbo idzi dzinoshanda zvikuru mukudanana . Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune imwe nzvimbo inonzi nucleus accumbens.
Basa Rinoitika
Zvizhinji zvezvivako zvatakambokurukura kusvika zvino "zvakaoma," zvinoreva kuti iyo nzira yekare yekare uye zvivako zvisingachinji nyore kuchinjwa. Zvisinei, neocortex ("neo" inoreva "itsva") inogona kugadziriswa. Iyi chikamu chitsva cheuropi ndiko kuti zviitiko zvedu zvinotibvumira kuti tishandure maitiro atinosangana nevamwe vanhu.
Maitiro ehutano hwemagariro evanhu anowanikwa munharaunda yepamusoro yekodtex cortex. Iyi nzvimbo haina kukwana zvizere kusvikira pakutanga kwema makumi maviri, iyo inotitendera nguva yekuumba unhu hwedu hwakasiyana uye kusarudza maitiro atinopindirana nekusiyana kwekugarisana kwevanhu. Izvo zvinoshandiswa pakutsvaga zvinokonzerwa nekuputsa mitemo. Iyi nharaunda inogona kunge isinganyanyi kushanda kune vanhu vanogara mumagariro evanhu.
The Anatomy of Etiquette
Kunyangwe kana kushandiswa kwemashoko ezvehupfumi kuchiitwa nenzira yakakodzera, hazvina basa kana tikapindura nenzira inonyadzisa kana isina kukodzera. Iko kunokosha muupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva kuti tinonyatsovhara maitiro edu uye tinosarudza nzira yakanakisisa yekuita nayo. Kana izvi zvisingaiti zvakanaka, nharo dzinogona kubuda. Imba inogona kuparadzana, mabhizinesi anotengesa anogona kuparara, uye ushamwari hunogona kukundikana.
Vanhu vane kushamwaridzana kwakasiyana-siyana kunobatana kwevanhu kunotungamirirwa zvikuru ne prefrontal cortex. Izvi zvinogona kudzora uye kudarika mamwe mhinduro pakarepo, kuitira kuti kunyange kana patinonzwa takatsamwa kana kutukwa, tinogona kugona kupindura zvakanaka.
Nhengo yepakati yekodtex inotitaurira manzwiro atinonzwa. Vanhu vane zvipembenene munharaunda ino havazivi kuti vanonzwa sei. Somugumisiro, ivo vanewo nguva yakaoma yekuraira kana kudzora manzwiro avo.
Izvozvo zvinotarisana nekortex inoratidzika zvakanyanyobatanidzwa nekwaniso yekugadzirisa manzwiro anorehwa neanoratidzirwa nekwenyama cortex. Izvi zvinotibatsirawo kutarisana nemamiriro matsva. Semuenzaniso, iyi ndiyo nzvimbo inotitendera kuti tikunde pfungwa yekusarura, kunyange dai takakwidziridzwa mumhuri yakasarura.
The Original Social Network
Nenzira, uropi hunofanidza vanhu vedu. Tose isu uye neuron yedu tiripo mumitambo yekukurukurirana. Imwe neuron inogona kugovana zvakananga ruzivo nemazana evamwe, uye zvisiri izvo kutaurirana nemabhiriyoni mukati memuviri. Nokuronga maoko edu nemiromo, iyi ingurudzo yemagetsi mukati memoyo yedu inova magetsi emagetsi echipiniti chefoni kana kuti chiratidzo chekufananidzira chekufananidza kwekutarisana chiso nechiso. Kukurukurirana pakati pemasero emagetsi kunova kukurukurirana pakati pevanhu.
Sources:
Mesulam, M. Kubva kuchinzwa kusvika pakuziva. Ubongo (1998), 121, 1013-1052
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Social cognition. Kuenderera mberi Kwoupenyu Hwose Neurol, 16 (4), 69-85.