White House inotora chinangwa pachigadzirwa chemiri
Parizvino, kune vanhu vanopfuura 120 000 veAmerica vanoda ruzivo rwemuviri. Inofungidzirwa vanhu 22 vanofa zuva roga roga vachimirira nhengo. Sezvo nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika, United States inotarisana nekushomeka kwakanyanya kwenhengo dzekugadziriswa. Nokudaro, kuwedzerwa nhamba yezvipo zvehutano kwakave chinhu chakakosha kunyika.
Muna 2016, hurumende yeAmerica yakashuma zvirongwa zvitsva izvo kwete kungotarisa kushayikwa kwezvipo zvehupi asiwo kupa rubatsiro rwevanhu vanopa nhengo, kana vanorarama vanopa .
Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora zvakanyanya zvirongwa izvi kuti tiwedzere kuwanikwa kwemuviri pamwe chete nemagariro matsva anopiwa kune vanhu vanozvipira kune zvipo zvemuviri mune dzimwe nyika seIsraeri.
Mashoko Mashomanana Pamusoro Pemusoro Wekugadzira Muviri
Kuchinja kwemaviri kwaimbova nzira ine ngozi uye yekuedza. Zvisinei, nekufambira mberi mumishonga, tave tichikwanisa kubudirira nhengo dzevanhu mumagumo emagetsi, iyo iyo nhengo inoguma inoshanda zvachose. Apo nhengo inokosha, seminwe, chiropa, mwoyo kana mapapu inoramba kushanda, rufu rinotevera.
Heino urongwa hwehupenyu hunopinda mukudzika kwehuwandu hwehuwandu:
- Kidyo
- Chiropa
- Moyo
- Mapungiro
- Pancreas
- Utumbo
Nyaya, mazinga, segornea, bone, ganda, fascia, sphenoid veins uye valves yemwoyo, zvinogonawo kuiswa.
Zvese uye kusarura chiropa zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva kune anorarama. Zvimwe nhengo, semwoyo nemapapu, dzinouya kubva kumunhu anenge afa mutsva.
Kunyanya zvakanyanya, munhu anogona kurarama neminwe imwechete uye nokudaro anopa mumwe wacho. Uyezve, munhu ane chiropa chakasimba anogona kupa chikamu chechiropa chake uye chiropa chichadzoka zvakare. Vanhu vanopa nhengo kana vachiri vapenyu vanonzi vanorarama vanopa .
Nhengo dzezvipo dzinowanzouya kubva kuvarwere vari muchipatara uye vanofa nekurohwa kana kukuvara.
I Joint Commission, iyo inobvuma uye inovimbisa zvipatara zvekuchengetedza hutano munyika yose, inoda kuti vanachiremba mubazi rekukurumidzira vabvunze masangano ekugadzira nhengo nezvehupenyu hwose hunouraya hunoitika munharaunda inoshamisika. Mune mamwe mazwi, masangano akadaro ekutenga zvinhu anofanira kuziviswa nezvezvinogona kuti zvigone kuwanikwa nhengo dzekutsvaga.
Kubvumirana kwemhuri ndicho chipinganidzo chikuru chekutsvaga kwezvikamu zvekugadziriswa. Kazhinji, kana mhuri pakutanga ichiita zvakanaka kune pfungwa yezvipo, ipapo mikana yokuti chipo chichaitika zvakanaka. Uyezve, kana munhu akafa ataura zvaanoda kuti zvipo zvipike zvibvumirano nekubvumirana nekunyora neDhipatimendi reMotokari (DMV), zvino nhengo dzemhuri dzinogona kubvuma, zvakare.
Kana mhuri isingabvumirane nemunhu anenge afa kuti apiwe nhengo, vakadzidzisi vemagetsi ekutenga magetsi vane ruzivo rwehutano urwu rwekugadzirisa kukakavadzana kunonzi mazviri. Nyanzvi idzi dzinodzidza mumitemo yehurumende pamusoro pekugoverwa kwenhengo nekutsvaga uye inogona kuita sarudzo yekuita.
Kana uchida kupa zvipo zvako uye wakanyoresa kuti uite kudaro, chinhu chakanakisisa kuziva kune dzimwe nhengo dzomumhuri dziripo zvechinangwa ichi.
Kuita izvi kuchabatsira kugadzirisa kusavhiringidzika nekuputsika pakati pemhuri dzemhuri muchiitiko chekufa kwako uye zviri nani kuvimbisa kuti zvaunoda zvinokudzwa.
Kuvandudza Organ Transplantation Rates
Kunyange zvazvo 95 muzana yevanhu vose vekuAmerica vanotsigira zvipo zvenhengo mumusoro, 50 chete muzana yevanhu vokuAmerica vanyoreswa kuva vatsigiri vomuviri. Mukubatana nemayunivhesiti akasiyana-siyana, zvipatara, makambani, nheyo uye masangano ekukurudzira vane hutano, hurumende yehurumende inotarisira kugadzirisa kusagadzikana uku.
Muchikwata, $ 200 mamiriyoni achapihwa nekuda kwekutsvakurudza kwekutsvakurudza kunotarisana nekutsvakurudza kwekutsvakurudza nekusimudzira kusanganisira sangano rekugadzirisa.
Muna 2016, hurumende yeAmerica yakafanotaura kuti izvi zvaizowedzera nhamba yezvipo zvinokwana 2 000 pagore.
Heano zvimwe zvirongwa zvakarongwa neBrazil Administration kuvandudza uye kuwedzera mitezo yomuviri muUnited States uye kuderedza nhengo yekurindira urongwa:
- Kuwedzera Kubudirira paNyika Yenyika. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), iyo National Organisation Procurement uye Transplant Network, inoronga kuwedzerwa kubudirira kwechirongwa chekutengesa nekutsvaga nzira. UNOS inorongawo kugadzira dhepfenyuro itsva uye teknolojia yakawanikwa pakuisa zvikwata nevatsvakurudzi.
- Kusungiridza Simba reMas Media Media. Facebook, Tinder, Twitter, ORGANIZE nedzimwe mimwe masangano ari kuvandudza zvishandiso zvitsva kuitira kuti vatsigiri vanogona kuzvinyorera nyore nyore. Aya masangano ari kushandisa hutano hwemashoko ehurumende kuti aparidzire mishandirapamwe yekukurudzira vanhu inotarirwa kune vechidiki. KUKURIKIRIRA isati iri purogiramu yakaumba iyo yokutanga yekunyora. Parizvino, hurumende imwe ine yega yega registry registry. Zvisinei, kana vanhu vachifamba, mamiriro avo emugove wemuviri inorasikirwa mukutengesa. ORGANIZE inogadzirisa dambudziko iri nehurumende yepamusoro yepamutemo iyo iripo isingabvumirwi nehurumende yepamusoro-kuburitswa kwepamusoro kuti chero sangano rekutenga rinogona kushandisa kushandisa kutsvaga vaipa.
- Organ and Tissue Biofabrication. Dhipatimendi reZviviri (DOD) iri kutsaurira $ 160 mamiriyoni emasangano ehurumende-yega pachake kuumba Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Manufacturing Innovation Institute. Iyi sangano ichakudziridza teknolojia yekugadzira iyo ichaita kuti kugadziriswa uye kugadziridzwa kwemasero nematukisi. Iyi teknolojia inguva imwe neimwe ingashandiswa kugadzira nhengo dzekugadzira. Uyezve, DOD iri kuisawo $ 7 mamiriyoni muzvikwereti kumabhizimisi maduku ari kuedza kuvandudza nhengo uye kuchengetedza mishonga.
- Zvirwere Zvirwere XPRIZE . IAmerica Society yeNefrology iri kuisa $ 7 mamiriyoni ekutanga kusimbisa Chirwere Chirwere XPRIZE. Maererano newebsite yedu, XPRIZE "inowanzokwikwidzana, iyo inokonzerwa nemakwikwi emubairo inokonzera miganhu yezvinogona-kuchinja nyika kuti ive nani."
- Kuvandudza Migumisiro yeChiropa Kuchengetwa. ICystic Fibrosis Foundation ichabhadhara $ 15 mamiriyoni kuongororo yekuvandudza zvibereko pashure pemapapu ekugadzirwa
- Iropi-Paired Donations. Walter Reed Bethesda ari kuvaka pamusoro pe "chirongwa chekugovera mauto," iyo inoungana mhuri dzekushandira basa remauto nevarwere veWalter Reed avo vari kushayiwa hono uye zvakaoma kufanana. Pane imwe nhoroondo yakabatana, masangano anopfuura makumi matatu ari kusangana pamwe nekugovana dhiyabhorosi uye zvakanakisisa zvinoshandiswa neveiyo inoputika mune zvakaoma kugashira.
- HIV-positive Organ Transplants. Johns Hopkins University uye National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease iri kugadzira kudzidza kwakanyanyisa kunotsvakurudza ruzivo rwechipo pakati pevanhu vane HIV uyewo zvirongwa zvekushandisa gadziriro yevanopa HIV.
Inokurudzirwa Muviri Mutsva
MuIsraeri, vashomanana vevanhu vanopa nhengo. Kuti varwise urongwa uhwu huripo, musi waMarch 31, 2008, paramende yeIsrael yakapfuudza mutemo unonyanya kukoshesa mitezo yomuviri kumapoka anotevera evanhu:
- Vanhu vanyoresa sevanopa zvipo nekusayina kadhi rezvipo
- Kutanga-dhigiri yehama yevatsi vomuviri wakafa
- Vachiri vapenyu
Mutemo unoita kuti vanhu vawane zvipo zvehupi uye zvinoita kuti vanhu vasarudze kusarudzwa kuti vasarudze vanhu ndeye nzira inoenderana nenyaya yekushaiwa kwechirongwa. VaIsrael vasati vapa mutemo wekuita kuti zvipo zvivepo, Singapore chete ndiyo yakagadza mutemo wakadaro unopa ruzivo rwepamusoro zvichienderana nehutano hwehutano hwemuviri. Pane imwe nhoroondo yakabatana, mumakore kubvira apo Israeri yakapfuudza mutemo akadaro, Chile yakagadzirisawo mutemo wekugadzirisa nhengo dzemhuri yevatsigiri vomuviri wakafa.
Zvinotora makore mana kuti mutemo uyu mutsva unobatsira chipo chemuviri kuti chiite. Munguva ino, kugoverwa kwemitemo uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa nehurumende yeIsrael. Uyezve, munguva iyi yepakati, hurumende yeIsrael yakagadzirisa hurumende yemishandirapamwe yemapurogiramu pamusoro penheyo iyi mitsva yemipiro.
Musi waApril 1, 2012, mutemo uyu mutsva wakaitwa. Vanhu vakanyoresa kuti vave vatsigiri vomuviri vasati vatarwa zuva iri vakakodzera kuvepo chinzvimbo chemugashiri wechiri kutanga kubva musi uyu. Vanhu vakanyoreswa mushure mezuva rino vaifanira kumirira makore matatu kuti vawane zvakakosha. Iyi nguva yemakore matatu yekumirira yakagadzirirwa kuodza mwoyo vanhu kuti vasayininire kuva mupi wehupi chete mushure mekunge vaongororwa vane mamiriro ezvinhu angadikanwa kugoverwa nhengo.
Muchikamu che 2016 chakabudiswa muHood Economics , Stoler uye vashandi vakashandisa dhigirii rekunyora-nhengo kuti vaone chikamu kana mushandirapano mutsva wokuita kuti zvipo zvemuviri zvishandise. Maererano nevanyori vekudzidza uku:
- Iyi mvumo mitsva inopa kukosha kune vashandi venhengo dzakanyoreswa yakashanda uye "zvikuru" yakawedzera nhamba dzekuregererwa kwenhengo.
- Vanhu vakawanda vanyoresa nguva pfupi mutemo usati wasvika musi waApril 1, 2012, iyo inonzwisisika nokuti vanhu vakanyoresa mushure mezuva rino vaifanira kumirira makore matatu kuti vawane nzvimbo yepamusoro.
- Makambani ekuzivisa vanhu ane chinangwa chekutumira iyi purogiramu yekubatsira vanhu kuti vabatsirwe.
- Kuita kuti zvive nyore kunyoresa uchishandisa foni kana nzira dzekuIndaneti zvakare yakawedzerwa zvipo zvemuviri.
Migumisiro yenyaya ino inokurudzira nekuremekedza kubudirira kwekupa zvinokurudzira kune vanonyoresa nhengo dzomuviri. Zvisinei, chidzidzo ichi chine zvishoma. Migumisiro yenyaya ino inongoratidzira kushamwaridzana pakati pekugadziriswa kwepurogiramu iyi uye kuwedzerwa kwebumbiro rekubatsira. Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana chikonzero chakananga-uye-effect ukama pakati pekugadziriswa kwehutano hwakadaro uye kuwedzera kwekubatsira kunyoresa kwomuviri.
Zvimwe zvikonzero, semakambani ekudzidzira hurumende nekuwedzera kwekunyorwa kwekunyorwa (nefoni kana internet), zvingave zvakakonzerawo kuwedzerwa kwechipo chemuviri. Nekuda kwekuti chidzidzo ichi chiri chekudzoka uye pasina boka rekudzora, zvakaoma kunyatsojekesa kukanganisa komunhu mumweyo purogiramu yekusimudzirwa kwechimiro pamusoro pemitengo yezvipo.
Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi dzinopindura nezvezvikamu zvekudzidza uku, kuumbwa kwemutemo weIsrael kupa rubatsiro kune vanhu vanyoresa sevanopa zvipo vane zvikanganiso zvishoma. Kunyanya, hama inotevera inogona kuderedza gwaro ravanopa chido chokupa zvipo kana munhu afa. Zvimwe, "kunyora" kunyoresawo kunogona kuitika umo munhu anonyora kuti ave mupi webumbiro wekugamuchira pakutanga paanenge achiri mupenyu asi anorayira hama yekutanga kushandura chisarudzo ichi mushure mekufa. Maererano nenyanzvi idzi, nzira chete yekudzivisa kushandurwa uye "kunyora" kunyoresa kunyoresa zvipo zvekugadzirisa urongwa hwekugadzirisa urongwa hwekugadzira hurumende kuti iite zvekuti chizvarwa chekutanga chisingakwanisi kutora chirongwa chekugadziriswa kwechirongwa nekuramba kugamuchira mhiko.
Mhedziso
Maererano nenyanzvi, sangano rinokurudzirwa kune izvo zvinoitika muIsrael zvingave zvisingaiti zvakanaka muUnited States nokuti United States yakasiyana nenzira dzakawanda kubva kuIsrael. Uyezve, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda veAmerica vachida nhengo, United States inoreva "chimiro chakanaka" kana ichienzaniswa neIsraeri.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kana iwe kana munhu waunoda iye zvino ari kudiwa nhengo kana kuti anotarisira nguva yemberi inoda chikwata (kurarama nekuguma kwechigumbuso), maitiro matsva anotungamirirwa nehutungamiri hwe Obama anofanira kupa tariro. Kunyangwe zvingatora nguva kuti zviyero izvi zviitike, zvingangoderedza kuwanika kwemuviri muUnited States kuburikidza nekuwedzera zvipo zvezvipo, kuvandudza kugadziriswa uye kubvisa zvimwe zve "kunyengedza" sekuda mari uye kurasikirwa kwemari kunowanikwa nevaridzi vanorarama.
Pamashoko ekupedzisira, kana iwe uchida kuva mupi webumbiro, tapota ona kuti kunze kwekunyoresa semupi weDMV yako yehurumende unogonawo kunyoresa paIndaneti kune dzimwe nzvimbo seOORGANIZE uye organdonor.gov, iyo inotungamirirwa neDhipatimendi reU.S. yeHutano & Human Services.
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Weaver L, Hobgood C. Rufu Ruzivo, uye Advance Directives. Mu: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Yealy DM, Meckler GD, Cline DM. eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2016. http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=1658&Sectionid=109449064.
Goldberg DS, Trotter JD. Chipo Chinoramba Chichipa: Kuwedzera Mipiro Dhiyabhorosi nekupa Zvipo. American Journal of Transplantation 2016.
Organ Donation Inotsamira paTrust [mharidzo]. The Lancet 2016.
Stoler A et al. Kunokonzera Mushandi Wekubatsira Kunyoresa neOpian Allocation Priority. Health Economics 2016; 387: 2575.
Kuponesa Upenyu nekupa Tariro Nokuderedza Kuchengetedza kweBuriro. Whitehouse.gov.