Izvi zvinopesana nekolistin zvakawanikwa muUnited States
Munguva yekutonga kwake, Mutungamiriri weBab Obama akawana zvakawanda zvemareji ekubudisa mabhuku makuru. Mutungamiri wekutonga anobvumira mutungamiri kugadzirisa hurongwa kunze kwekuita kweCongress uye kubatsirwa kwekukakavadzana kwevanhu vose.
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vekutonga kwaB Obama vachikonzera kukakavadzana kwepakati uye kukakavadzana, kubatsirwa kwevamwe kune vakawanda vanokoshesa. Kunyanya muna 2015, Obama akabudisa National Action Plan yekurwisa mabhakitiriya anoramba achirwisa Antibiotic.
Maererano nehutungamiri hweB Obama, hezvino zvinangwa zvehutungamiri uyu:
- Kunonoka kuwedzera kweBhakitiriya yeRisistant uye Kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere zvinopesana.
- Simbisa Sangano reNyika-Kutarisa Utano Miedzo yekurwisa Kushora.
- Kutungamirirwa nekugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwekukurumidza uye kuedza kuongororwa Kuedzwa kweKutsvaga uye Kuzivikanwa kweBhakitiriya inoramba.
- Kutsvaga Tsvakurudzo Yenyika uye Yakashandiswa nekutsvakurudza neNyano Antibiotics, Zvimwe Therapeutics, uye Zvirwere.
- Kuvandudza Kubatana Kwepasi rose uye Nyanzvi dzeAnorbiotik-kudzivisa kudzivirirwa, Kuongororwa, Kudzora, uye Antibiotic Research nekuDudziro.
Kuti agadzirise zvinangwa izvi, mutungamiriri wenyika akatumira rubatsiro rwezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Dhipatimendi Rezvokuchengetedza (DoD), Dhipatimendi Rezvekurima (USDA), uye Dhipatimendi Rezvehutano neHuman Services (HHS). Muna May 2016, masangano aya akatumira mashoko: colistin-resistant mcr-1 E. coli yakawanikwa mune murwere paWalter Reed Medical Centre muUnited States. Uyu murwere aiva nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakanga huri nani hunogona kurapwa nemumwe mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Colistin ndeyekupedzisira-mishonga yemishonga pakudzivirira kwedu zvirwere. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzehutano hwehutano, vatsvakurudzi, uye vanachiremba vakangoitawo kutya kolisitin kushivirira kwenguva yakati. Uyezve, mcr-1 E. Coli ane kodzero yekuendesa izvi zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya kune mamwe mabhakitiriya anoshandisa plasmids.
Sei Uchinyanya Kurangarira Nezve Antibiotic Resistance?
Kubvira muna 1928, nekutangira penicillin, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakachengetedza vanhu vane mamiriyoni evanhu munyika yose. Nguva pfupi mushure mekutangwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kurwisana pakati pemamwe mapoka emabhakitiriya akaonekwa. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, kupikisa uku kwawedzera uye mabhakitiriya asingagadziriswi nemishonga, kana zvipfeko , zvakashungurudza hutano hwevanhu uye kuchengeteka.
ICDC inofungidzira kuti inenge mamiriyoni maviri emishonga inopesana nemishonga inoitika gore negore muUnited States zvichiita kuti vanhu vanenge 23 000 vafa.
Nekuputika kwemazuva mashoma mukupikisa kwemishonga, nhamba yezvirapa zvinoshanda pakurwisa mabhakitiriya akadaro zvakaderera. Uyezve, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inobata zvisikwa zvinopesana zvinogona kuva yakakosha.
Chii Chinonzi Colistin?
Colistinini ndeyekirasi remishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inonzi mapolymyxins. Mhando mbiri dzemapolymyxin dziripo: polymyxin B uye polymyxin E. Colistin ipolymyxin E uye yakanyanya kushandiswa yeiri mbiri.
Colistin yakatanga kushandiswa muma1960; zvisinei, kushandiswa kwemuenzi uyu kwakakurumidza kumiswa nokuti kwakaguma neurotoxicity uye nephrotoxicity. Mune mamwe mazwi, colistin yakakonzera nharo uye kuora kwetsvo, maererano.
Mumakore achangopfuura nekumuka kwemishonga yekurwisa mishonga, takafanirwa kudzorerazve colistin kurwisa mabhakitiriya ayo zvino anoramba mamwe maitiro anorwisa mabhakitiriya. Colistin inoshamisa uye inobudirira asi inoshanda pane zvishomanana zvipembenene zvebhakitiriya, zvakadai saP aeruginosa , Acinetobacter marudzi, uye Klebsiella marudzi. Nyaya idzi dzose idzi dzakasiyana siyana dzebhakitiriya dzinogona kukonzera kupindira kweropa (sepsis) uye zvirwere zvepapu (pneumonia), urinary tract infections, ganda uye zvironda zvinokuvadza, uyewo zvirwere pashure pokuvhiyiwa. Uyezve, mabhakitiriya aya anowanzobata vanhu vanorwara zvikuru uye vanoita kuti zvirwere zvirwere zvirwere zvive nyore.
Kudhindwa kweAnticrobitic Resistance by Plasmids
Chii chinoita kuti hutsva hunosimbiswa naColicist husina simba hweE. Coli hunokonzerwa ndechokuti hunogona kutumira mazita ekudzidzira mazita ekunyorwa kwekudzivirira kune mamwe mabhakitiriya kuburikidza nemaplasmid (kureva, mcr-1 kana plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistant mechanism).
Sezvakataurwa muThe Lancet munaNovember 2015, vatsvakurudzi vechiChinese ndivo vakave vokutanga kuti vawane ichi chitsva. Vatsvakurudzi vakawana mabhakitiriya aya asingagadzirwi panguva yekuongorora chirongwa chekuongorora kushandiswa kwemagetsi eEscherichia coli commens kubva kune mhuka mune zvokudya.
Mukatikati pakati pekutsvaga kweChinese kwebhakitiriya uye mabhakitiriya aya ari kuWalter Reed National Military Centre, uko vatsvakurudzi vezvematongerwo enyika vakazviona, izvi zvakagadziriswa zvakaonekwa mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, zvakare, izvo zvinoreva kuti yakatozopararira pasi rose.
Nenzira inofadza, kutevedza kupfurikidza neNational Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System-kubatanidza kushanda pakati peDAA, Health and Human Services (HHS), uye dhipatimendi rakasiyana-siyana rezvehutano hwehutano uye hwemunharaunda-rinoratidza kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveElli-resistant E. coli hazvishamisi . Uyezve, zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kuSalmonella uye Klebsiella , mamwe maitiro emakirita, haana kuratidza uchapupu hwemcr-1 gene.
Kuendeswa kwemashoko ezvemagetsi pakati pebhakitiriya akanaka kwazvo. Hakusi chete mabhakitiriya anotumira mashoko ekunyorwa kwekudzivirira vana-anonzi sekutenderera-asi mabhakitiriya anogonawo kutumira ruzivo rwakadaro kuburikidza nehutachiona hwekutengesa mazita. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyange mushure mokunge bhakitiriya yakaumbwa inogona kutora ruzivo rwema genetic kubva kune rimwe bhakitiriya.
Kunyanya kunyanya, iyi nzira yekutenderera kwemajeni inoshandiswa inopindirana nemaplasmids, kana zvikwereti zvisingasviki zviduku, Dhemiyumu, DNA mbiri yakanyungudutswa, iyo yakasiyana neDNA chromosomal DNA. Plasmids ine ruzivo runofambisa mararamiro anobatsira kubhakitiriya, zvakadai semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Nenguva yakasvibiswa yejeni, plasmids inotamirwa pakati pebhakitiriya.
Ngatishandisei hutachiona hutachiona hwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mazai nemaitiro nenzira ye (kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvinyararire) kufanana. Fungidzira iwe uri pamutambo uye mumwe munhu aive nemafungiro emashiripiti ekurwisa cyanide. Uku kukwanisa kwemashiripiti kwakanyorwa mumagini ake uye kunogona kupfuudzwa kuvana vake. Uyezve, kukwanisa uku kunogona kuendeswa kune mumwe munhu nokungotora sipo yake. Iwe usati wazviziva, munhu wose ari kutora sipo yake kunwa. Uyezve, vamwe vanofembera pamutambo vane maitiro avo emashiripiti kune chepfu, iyo inowanzogovana nevamwe kuburikidza nehutu hwavo. Iwe usati wazviziva, vamwe vatungamiri vemapato vakawana boka rekumanikidzana rinovabatsira kurwisana nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzehupfu.
Mhedziso
Izvo zvinogona kutyisidzirwa zvinoshandiswa kuendeswa kwekolistin zvinopesana zvinogona kunzwa zvichivhiringidzika. Semunhu, iwe unogona kuita chikamu chako kugadzirisa maantibhakitiriya kushorwa kuburikidza nokutora maantibiotics apo unoda. Iwe unofanirwawo kuve nechokwadi kuti upedze yako yose yema antibiotic, sezvo kupera nguva isati yasvika kunokurudzira kukura kwematambudziko asingagadzirwi nemishonga. Pakupedzisira, nokuti mcr-1 E. Coli nemamwe mabhakitiriya anowanikwa munyama uye nenyama yehuku, nguva dzose iri pfungwa yakanaka yekubika zvakakwana zvokudya zvako usati wawana.
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