Kubva mudiki kweHIV Child Vaccine Inowanzovhiringidzwa neTDaP
Mushonga weDTaP mushonga unobatanidza unoshandiswa kuvhara vana vaduku kune zvirwere zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopararira: diphtheria, tetanus, uye pertussis (inodonha chiuno).
Hazvifanirwe kuvhiringidzika nemushonga weDTP unorwisa zvirwere zvakafanana asi hauna kushandiswa zvakare muUnited States. Saizvozvowo, chirwere cheTDaP chinofukidza zvirwere zvakafanana asi chinoshandiswa chete kune vakwegura nevakuru.
Nei DTaP Yakachinja DTP
Chirwere cheDTP chave chiripo kubva muna 1949 uye chaive chekutanga chekubatanidza zvirwere zvakawanda mujisi rimwe chete. Yakabatanidza chirwere chinonzi pertussis (chakagadzirwa muna 1914) ne chirwere che diphtheria (1926) uye chirwere chetetusus (1938). DTP yakaratidza kuchinja kukuru mukudzivirira kwezvirwere izvi, kuderedza kuitika kwegore negore kwekukandira chikwama chete kubva ku 200,000 muma1940 kusvika kune 20 000 nhasi.
Pasinei nokubudirira kwacho, migumisiro yechirwere cheDTP yakatungamirira kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma mukushandiswa kwayo, zvichiita kuti kuwedzera kwezvirwere uye kuurayiwa kwekupera kwezana remakore rechi20.
Kuti atarise kukanganisa uku, masayendisiti akatanga shanduro yakachengeteka muna 1999 inozivikanwa sechirwere cheDTaP. I "a" muDTaP inopfuura kungoitika. Inoshandiswa kurondedzera acellular pertussis chikamu chemukoko. An acellular vaccine, netsanangudzo, ndiyo imwe iyo iyo chikamu chepachipembenene chinoshandiswa panzvimbo yese, isina kushandiswa seki .
Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda-masero epirini ari akachengeteka uye anoshanda, kushandiswa kwepachigoni yose kunoreva kuti ndevamwe vezvirwere zvakanyanya kudarika. Munyaya ye pertussis, ganda rekunze rebhakitiriya rinowanikwa nemafuta uye polysaccharides ayo ari endotoxic, zvinoreva kuti zvinogona kukonzera huwandu, yose-muviri kuputika .
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vana vakapa chirwere cheDTP dzimwe nguva vanozivikanwa kuti vanowanzova nefivha huru, kupera kwemafiriri ( kushungurudzika kwemafivha), uye kunyange kupera simba.
Mushonga weDTaP, zvakasiyana, unongova nean antigenic zvikamu zvemasero. Antigens ndiwo mapuroteni ayo masimba ehurumende anoshandisa kuti aone uye anotanga kurwisana nezvinhu zvinokuvadza. (Funga nezvavo se "chinhuhwirira" chekupararira pane kuparadzirwa pachako.) Nokubvisa endotoxins uye kushandisa maantigenti chete, chirwere cheDTaP chinogona kukurudzira mhinduro dzekuzvidzivirira nemusana nemigumisiro shoma.
Ndicho chikonzero ichi kuti Centers for Disease Control uye Prevention (CDC) yakakurudzira kuti chirwere cheDTP chidzoserwe neDTaP muna 1996.
Zvirwere Zvirwere Zvinodzivirira
Dhibhria, tetanus, uye pertussis zvirwere zvose zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya iyo, kana ikasatenderwa, inogona kukonzera chirwere chakakomba uye rufu. Diphtheria uye pertussis zvinopararira kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu. Tetanus inopinda mumuviri kuburikidza nekucheka kana maronda.
- Diphtheria inokonzerwa neCorynebacterium diphtheriae mabhakitiriya. Inoshandiswa nyore nyore kuburikidza nekukanganiswa, kunyunyuta, kana kusangana zvakananga nechinhu chakasvibiswa, chakafanana nekateyi. Mazuva maviri kana matatu mushure mokunge avharwa, tsvina kubva kubhakitiriya inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvekufema (kusanganisira yakareba, girazi rakaputika mumhino kana muhuro), kushaya simba, kubvumira lymph nodes, uye fever. Kana ikasvika muropa, inogona kukuvadza mwoyo, itsvo, nemitsipa.
- Tetanus inokonzerwa neBlostridium tetani bacteria, iyo spores inowanikwa muvhu, guruva, nemuriwo. Muchirwere unopinda mumuviri kuburikidza neganda rakaputsika, kazhinji apo ganda rinoputirwa nechinhu chakasvibiswa chakafanana nembambo. Tetanus inowanzonzi "lockjaw" nokuti inogona kukonzera kuoma kwakasimba kwemasese emasana. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvinetso zvakakomba zveutano, zvichiita kuti zviome kufema uye kunyange kumedza.
- Pertussis inokonzerwa neBordetella pertussis mabhakitiriya anozvibatanidza kune zviduku, zvitsvuku-zvakafanana nemakiromita (anonzi cilia) anokonzera nzvimbo yepamusoro yokufema. Iyo mabhakitiriya anobvisa uturu husingogadziri kukanganisa cilia asi hunoita kuti mhepo iende. Kufanana nedhtheria, pertussis inopararira nekukanganiswa, kunyunyutira, kana kungova mune imwe nzvimbo yemhepo kwenguva yakareba. Zviratidzo zvinowanikwa mukati memazuva mashanu kana gumi ekutsvaira uye zvinogona kusanganisira pasi-grade fever, apnea (zvipembenene mukufema), kurutsa, kuneta, uye chimiro, kukwidziridzwa "kukwikwidza" kwepamusoro. Nyumoniya inogonawo kukura.
Ndiani Anofanira Kuwana DTaP Vaccine?
Nokuti mazita avo akafanana, vanhu havana chokwadi kana vachida chirongwa cheDTaP kana TDaP. Uyezve, panewo zvirwere zveDT uye Td, zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira chete tetanus uye diphtheria.
Mhedzisiro yakakura mumishonga iyi ndeyekuti ndiani akakodzera. Sezvo pane mazano eCDC:
- DTaP inokurudzirwa vana vari pasi pechinomwe uye inowedzera ma antigen kuti iwedzere kuvaka chitunha chekuzvidzivirira.
- DT inokurudzirwa kuvana vari pasi peanomwe umo chirwere chepistussis chinopesana (kazhinji nokuti pane zvave zvamboitika kare).
- TDaP chirwere chinokurudzira chinopiwa kuvana vanopfuura vanomwe uye vakuru uye chinoda majekiti mashomanana ekusimbisa kuchengetedzwa.
- Td is booster vaccine inopiwa kune vechidiki uye vanhu vakuru vangave vari pangozi yakaderera yekuparara.
Mushonga weDTaP unotengeswa pasi pemazita mazita Daptacel uye Infarix. Chirongwa cheTDaP chinotengeswa pasi peAdacel uye Boosterix. Panguva iyi, chirwere cheTd chinotengeswa pasi pezita rokuti Tenivac, asi chirwere cheDT chinowanika.
Ikoko kunewo majekiseni anochengetedzwa anochengetedza izvi nezvimwe zvirwere. Dzinosanganisira Kinrix (DTaP uye polio), Pediarix (DTaP, polio, uye hepatitis B), uye Pentacel (DTaP, polio, uye Haemophilus influenzae b).
Purogiramu Yechiito
Mushonga weDTaP unopiwa sechirwere chetramuscular, chinowanikwa kune imwe kunze kwechikwama mukati mecheche nevana vaduku kana musana we deltoid wesimba rekumusoro muvechiri kuyaruka nevakuru. Nhamba uye purogiramu yemayero inopesana nezera remunhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu:
- Kune vacheche, zvigadziro zvishanu zvakasiyana zvakarongerwa pazviviri, zvina, nemwedzi mitanhatu, pakati pemwedzi 15 ne18, uye pakati pemakore mana kusvika kumatanhatu. Chimwe chirwere chinokonzera Tdap chinofanira kupiwa apo mwana ane makore 11 kusvika ku12. Td booster inogona kugoverwa makore gumi nerimwe pashure pacho.
- Kune vanhu vakuru vasina kumbove vachengetedzwa, rimwe chete TDaP pfuti rinogona kushandiswa. Chirwere cheTd tsvuku chinofanira kupiwa zvese makore gumi.
- Uyezve, vakadzi vane pamuviri vanofanira kuwana dhi rimwe chete reTdap, zvichida pa 27 kusvika kuvhiki makumi matatu nemakumi matatu.
Migumisiro Yechiri
Migumisiro yechirwere cheDTaP inowanzova munyoro uye inogona kusanganisira:
- Low-grade fever
- Utsvuku, kuzvimba, kunyunyuta, kana unyoro panzvimbo yejojo
- Headaches
- Kuneta
Zviratidzo zvinowanzokura kwemazuva matatu kana matatu mushure mokupfutirwa uye zvakanyanya kufanana mushure mechivako chechina kana chechishanu. Kuzvimba kunowanzogadzirisa mukati memamwe mazuva manomwe. Pashoma zvishoma, kurutsa kunogona kuitika.
> Sources:
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Diphtheria, Tetanus, uye Pertussis Vaccine Mapurisa." Atlanta, Georgia; yakagadziridzwa musi waNovember 22, 2016.
> CDC. "US Vaccine Names." Yakapedzwa musi waDecember 11, 2017.
> Klein, N. "Mishonga inobvumirwa nemishonga inoparadzirwa muUnited States." Chirwere chemuviri Immunother. 2014; 10 (9): 2684-90. DOI: 10.4161 / hv.29576.