Zvirwere zviviri zveDAA-Approved for Children and Adults
Pineumonia inokonzera kufa kwevanhu vanopfuura 50 000 muUnited States gore roga roga uye inokwana vanopfuura 400 000 inoshanyira mumba, maererano nemushumo weCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Mumakore achangopfuura, kuwedzera kwekushandisa zvirwere zvepineumonia, kunyanya pakati pevakwegura, zvakatungamirira ku 8 kubva muzana kuderedza muhuwandu hwevakafa kubva muna 1999.
Nezvo zvichitaurirwa, chete inenge 65 kubva muzana yevaya vari pangozi yakakura yakanyatsorongwa vachirwe.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanhu havana chokwadi kana vachida chirwere kana kuti rudzi rwenyama rwunorevei kudzivirira. Vamwe havatombozivi kuti chirwere chiripo.
Rudzi rwePneumonia
Pneumonia inotsanangurwa sekuputika kwemhepo mapafu emapapu ayo anogona kuzadza nehutachiona uye anotungamirira kufema kunetseka, fivha, chills, nekukanganiswa ne pus kana phlegm. Chirwere chinonyanya kukonzerwa nemakemikari asi chinogonawo kukura kana iwe ukanyora zvokudya kana mvura mumapapu ( aspiration pneumonia ) kana kutora mabhakitiriya asingagadziri muropa muchipatara ( chipatara-chinowanikwa pneumonia ).
Rudzi rwakakurumbira runonyanya kuzivikanwa sevanhu vanogara munharaunda iyo inopararira yakafanana nebhakitiriya, hutachiona, kana fungi inopararira kunze kwekuchengetwa kwehutano. Pakati idzi, mabhakitiriya ndeechikonzero chikuru kwazvo.
Bhakitiriya pneumonia inowanzoparadzirwa nemavhutsi emhepo inoputika izvo zvinoshandiswa kamwe kana munhu achikwevera kana kusvinura.
Ruzhinji runokonzerwa neS treptococcus pneumoniae , bhakitiriya ine serotypes inopfuura 90 yakasiyana. Pakati idzi, marudzi gumi anokonzerwa nehuwandu hwezvinetso zvepneumonia-zvine chokuita.
Kunyange zvazvo bhakitiriya pneumonia inonyanya kuchinja nzira yekufema, inogona kukonzera chirwere chakakomba kana ichipararira muropa.
Kana izvi zvikaitika, zvinogona kutapura ropa (pneumococcal bacteremia / sepsis ) uye zvinokonzera kuvhiringidza kwemberi dzakapoteredza uropi nemutsipa wepelumococcal meningitis . Mungozi yekufa kune vanhu vane pneumonia inoputika iri pakati pemashanu neanomwe kubva muzana uye inokwanisa kunyange yakakwirira kune vakwegura.
Mhando dzePneumonia Vaccine
Kune zvirwere zviviri zvinogona kupa kudzivirirwa kune S treptococcus pneumoniae . Haikwanise kudzivirira mamwe marudzi eubhakitiriya pneumonia (akadai seaya anokonzerwa neClamydophila pneumoniae kana Mycoplasma pneumoniae ) kana chero ipi zvayo yakabatana nefungus kana utachiona .
Zvirwere zviviri zveDAA-zvinogamuchirwa zvinopedza munhu kurwisa serotypes chaiyo inowanzokonzera chirwere uye zvirwere zvisingaiti. Vari:
- PCV13 , inotengeswa pasi pezita rokuti Prevnar 13, iyo inodzivirira 13 yemhando dzakaoma zvikuru dzeS S. pneumoniae
- PPSV23 , inotengeswa pasi pezita rinonzi Pneumovax 23, iyo inodzivirira pane 23 zvakare S. S. pneumoniae serotypes
Hapana chirwere chinogadzirwa kubva kumararamiro ari kurarama kana akazara asi pane zvikamu zvebhakitiriya shell. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvikamu zvisingagoni kukonzera chirwere, maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri anozviona sekutyisidzira uye zvinokonzera mhinduro yekudzivirira nenzira imwecheteyo inogona kuva mabhakitiriya chaiwo.
Mushonga wePVC13 unonunurwa mukati memusvosve kana kuti mumuviri we deltoid wepamusoro wepamusoro kana kuti vastus lateralis muscle wegomba rekunze. PPSV23 pfuti inogona kupiwa mucheche kana kuti mucheche (mukati meganda).
Ndiani Anoda Kuvhipa?
Chirwere chepumoniya hachina kukurudzirwa kune munhu wose. Mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa kune vanhu vane ngozi yakawanda yekurwara zvakakomba. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Vana vacheche nevana sechikamu chemuitiro wavo wokudzivirira chirwere
- Vanhu vanopfuura makore 65
- Vanhu vane hutachiona hwekuzvidzivirira kana kushaya simba, kusanganisira avo vane chirwere chisingaperi chine HIV, chirwere chemwoyo, chirwere chechiropa, kushaya mafungiro, uye chirwere cheshuga
- Mushonga wokugadzirisa muviri uye munhu anorwara chemotherapy, avo vose vakaora simba zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira uye kudzivirirwa nemishonga inoparadza mishonga
- Vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingagumi zvinopfurikidza nekufema zvakadai seAsphma, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Vanhu vanosvuta (avo vane mungozi yehutachiona hwemapapu) kana vari vanonwa doro (avo vanowanzove vane simba rekudzivirira immune system)
- Munhu achidzoka kubva pakuvhiyiwa kana chirwere chakakomba
Hemukari haisi kukurudzirwa kune vanhu vari pakati pe18 ne64 vane utano. Izvo zvinoshanda kune ani zvake anenge aine chirwere chinotanga kuitika kune chirwere kana kuti anozivikanwa kutarisa chero chimwe chezvikamu zvemukoko.
Vaccination Recommendations
Chirwere chepemumonia chirongwa chepurogiramu yemwana. Maererano neCDC, vose vacheche vanofanira kupiwa maitiro mana ePVC13 pamwedzi miviri, mwedzi mina, mwedzi mitanhatu, uye pakati pemwedzi 12 kusvika ku15. Vana vanorasikirwa nemapfupa avo kana kutanga kunonoka vachiri kutora chirwere, muyero waro uchagadziriswa zvichienderana nezera.
Vanhu vakuru vane zvirwere zvekuvharidzirwa kwepineumonia vanofanira kuratidzira mauto maviri: kutanga, PCV13 inotanga uye PPSV23 inopfura gore kana kupfuura gare gare.
Kana yakashandiswa seyakakurudzirwa, majekiseni anofanira kukupa iwe kuchengetedzwa kwoupenyu hwose. Kune avo vasina kupedza chikoro, chikwata chekusimudza chinogona kukurudzirwa. Vamwe vanachiremba vanogara vachipa varwere vavo chikwata chakatapira makore mashanu kusvika kune gumi mushure mokutanga.
Migumisiro Yechiri
Zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari ose anowanzova munyoro uye kuzvisarudzira pachavo mukati memumwe kana mazuva mashoma. Yakawanda inobatanidzwa nejw.org nzvimbo isina kunaka kana kuratidzira nehupenzi, zvirwere zvakadai semvura. Pakati pezviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa:
- Kuneta
- Headaches
- Low-grade fever
- Uturu hwepamuviri (myalgia)
- Joint pain (arthralgia)
- Injection site pain, redness, kuzvimba, kana unyoro
- Chills
- Kukurova
Zvishoma nezvishoma, chirwere, kurutsa, kana kuputika kweganda kunogona kuitika.
Mune chiitiko chekuita zvakanyanya-kusanganisira mikoko, blister, kuvharidzirwa kwekufemerwa, kuvhara kwemaziso, kurira kwemirimi, kuvhiringidzika, kana kubatwa-kudana 911 kana kuenda kunzvimbo yako yepamhanho yekukurumidza pakarepo. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki, muviri wose-inokonzera kugadziriswa (anaphylaxis) inogona kuitika iyo, kana ikasiyiwa isingateereri, inogona kukonzera kushamisika, coma, uye kunyange rufu.
> Sources:
> American Lung Association. "Nzira dzePneumonia neAffluenza: Kuipa uye Kufa." Washington, DC; yakabudiswa muna November 2015.
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations." Atlanta, Georgia; yakagadziridzwa musi waDecember 6, 2017.
> CDC. "FastStats: Pneumonia." Yakapedzwa musi waJanuary 20, 2017.
> Daniels, C .; Rodgers, P .; uye Shelton, C. "Kudzokorora kwepneumococcal Vaccines: Ikozvino Ipo Polysaccharide Vaccine Zvirongwa uye Ramangwana Mapuroteni Antigens." J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 21 (1): 27-35. DOI 10.5863 / 1551-6776-21.1.27.
> Tagaro, A .; Bote, E ;; Sanchez, A. et al. "Zvinetso zvePneumococcal Bacteremia Mushure meTisteen-valent Vacuject Conjugate Kurega." Ped Infect Dis J. 2016: 35 (12): 1281-7. DOI: 10.1097 / INF.0000000000001302.