3 mu5 Utachiona hunopiwa kune varwere vasingatendi vachiziva zvavari
Pane imwe nyaya-nheyo, vanachiremba vanowanzokwanisa kuongorora kuti ndiani ari pangozi huru yekuendesa HIV zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakadai sehutachiona hwehutachiona hwevanhu , hutsika hutsika , kushandiswa kwemishonga isina kukodzera, nezvimwe. Nokushingaira kutarisa zvinhu izvi, njodzi kune mumwe munhu kunogona kuderedzwa zvikuru.
Kubva kune vanhu vanoona nezvehuwandu hwevanhu, vatsvakurudzi vari kuwedzera kukwanisa kuita zvakafanana kuburikidza nekuenzanisa dambudziko rekutengesa rinobva kune chaiyo-nyika, epidemiological data.
Zvavakawana ndezvokuti chimwe chechikonzero choga, chinopfuura chero chimwe chinhu chipi zvacho, chinobatanidzwa nehutachiwana hutachiwana hwekutengesa : kuva uye nekugara muchipatara.
Ichokwadi, kunyange pasina antiretroviral therapy (ART) , kugara achiona chiremba zvinopfuura kuvhara mungozi yekuendesa HIV nekuenzaniswa nemumwe munhu anoonekwa.
Kutapurika kweHIV Njodzi Nenzira Yokuchengetedza
Vatsvakurudzi vanobva kuCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) muAtlanta munguva pfupi vakagadzira masvomhu ekufananidzira vachishandisa mashoko kubva kuNational HIV Surveillance System uye Medical Medicaling Project (MMP).
Chidzidzo chacho chaiva nechinangwa chekutarisa hutachiwana hwehutano hwakatendwa pane mumwe munhu aireva pane zvinonzi HIV Care Continuum (kureva, kana vakaedzwa, mukuchengetwa, pakurapa, nezvimwewo) uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzera zvinogona kuisa munhu iyeye pa yakakwirira kana yakaderera panjodzi yekufambisa.
Inofungidzirwa kuti vanenge 1 150 000 vanhu vane HIV vanorarama muUnited States nhasi.
Pakati pavo, inenge:
- 82 muzana inowanikwa
- 37 muzana vanobatanidzwa uye vanochengetwa mukutarisira
- 33 muzana ndeyeART
- 25 muzana inowanzodzvinyirirwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona husingaoneki
Nokurondedzera mitsara iyi nehana yekutarisa inotarisa uye shanduro dzisingatauri kubva kuMMP, vatsvakurudzi veCDC vakakwanisa kugadzirisa kuti huwandu hwehutachiona hwekuAmerica hunokwana 3.9 kutumirwa nevanhu 100 pagore (100PYs).
Kuparura chimiro ichocho pasi nehanho rekutarisira, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kugumisa kuti:
- Vanhu vasingazivi kuti vane hutachiona hweHIV vaiva nehuwandu hwehutachiona hunokwana 6.6 hutachiwana hwepakati pe 100PYs (inoda kusvika kaviri muvhareji yose).
- Vanhu vakaongororwa-avo vaingoziva hukama hwavo, pasinei neAIDS-yakaparadzirwa 5.3 zvirwere pane 100PYs.
- Vanhu vakaongororwa uye vakachengetwa mukuchengetedzwa vakaparadzirwa 2.6 kutapukira kwe 100PYs.
- Vanhu vakanzi ART vakanga vasina kunyatsodzingwa kutapurirwa 1.8 zvirwere ne 100PYs.
- Vanhu vakanyorerwa chirongwa cheAIDS avo vaideredzwa kuponeswa bedzi 0.4 zvirwere zve 100PY.
Kubva pane maonero evanhu, huwandu hwekutumira (58 kubva muzana) hwakaratidzwa kune varume vakarara nevarume (MSM) . Uye apo vanhu vakuru vane makore makumi matatu nemashanu kubva kune makumi mana kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu kubva kune makumi mana kusvika makumi maviri nemana kubva kune makumi maviri kubva kune makumi maviri kubva kune makumi maviri kusvika kuzana.
Saka Izvi Zvinotiudzei?
Kubva kune maonero chaiwo-nyika, izvi zvinoratidza kuti varwere vane hutachiona, vasingagoni kuonekwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kuva nehana yezana nezana muhutano hwekuparidzika huenzaniswa neavo vasina kuonekwa. [Kuisa musikana asina kubatwa neHIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kunogona kuderedza kuderedza iyo ngozi.]
Pamusoro peflip side, zviyero zvakare zvinoratidza kuti, apo varwere vasina kudzidza vanomiririra 18 muzana yehuwandu hutachiona hweHIV muUnited States, vanoverengera zvinopfuura 30 muzana zvehutachiona hwose. Zvakaipisisa zvakadaro, vanhu vanoziva zvizere nezvehutano hwavo asi vanoramba vasina kushamwaridzana kutarisira nhoroondo yezvikamu zvitatu kubva pane zvishanu zvese zvitsva .
Mifananidzo yeMMP inoenderera mberi inotsigira nhamba idzi nekugumisa kuti 62 kubva muzana yevaya vasingazivikanwi vanogara vachiita zvekondomu vashoma pabonde . Kusiyana neizvi, 16 chete yezana yevanhu vari paART vakarondedzera kondomu-vashoma pabonde, asi kunyange vashomanana (10,5 muzana) vakabata makondomu kana vasina kunyatsooneka.
Saizvozvowo, varwere vari kutarisirwa uye avo vari paART vakataurwa vane vaviri uye vatatu vanoita zvepabonde mukati megore rapfuura, zvichienzaniswa, vachienzanisa nevaya vangave vasingazivi kana kuti vasati vatarisirwa vasina hanya (8 kusvika ku8.8). Zvimwe zvakawanikwa zvakaonekwa mune varwere vakarova mishonga, vane 0.9 muzana chete yevaya paIART reporting injection drug use rinomiririra ne6,3 muzana vakanga vasati vamboona.
Pakupedzisira, mharidzo yekutora pamba iri nyore: kuva mukati nekugara mukutarisira kunomiririra kuderedzwa kukuru kwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hwehutachiwana huwandu, zvinopfuura kuderedza hutachiwana hwekutapurirwa paunotora utachiona hweHIV , pasinei nehutachiona hwehutachiwana kana huwandu hwemagariro , unoderedza ngozi kuburikidza nekuwedzera 30 muzana.
Kutaura zvazviri, kuongororwa kweHIV kunogona kuderedza ngozi yehutachiona yevanhu ne19 muzana, zvichiratidza kuti kuziva chete kunogona, pane imwe nguva, kuchinja mafungiro emunhu. Ichokwadi nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga.
Kuti uwane nzvimbo yekuongororwa neHIV kana kuwana hutano hweHIV huri pedo newe, shanyira nzvimbo yeAIDSVu nzvimbo inoshandiswa neRollins School of Public Health kuEmory University, kana kuti taura neHIV / AIDS munharaunda yako, mazhinji ayo aripo maawa makumi maviri nemaviri zuva.
Sources:
Skarbinski J, Rosenberg E, Paz-Bailey G, et al. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmissions Pamwe Chete Chekuchengeta Continuum muUnited States. Nyaya yeAmerican Medical Association Internal Medicine. 2015; 175 (4): 588-596.