Nzira imwe chete yekudzivirira masero ndeyokuwana mushonga wekukuya, mumps, uye rubella (MMR). Mumwe mushonga weMMR unopa makapiro makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe ekudzivirirwa pamasero. Chipiri chechipiri chirwere, chakazotanga kurumbidzwa muna 1990, chinobatsira kuvandudza kushanda kwekuvhara masero kune zvinopfuura 97 muzana. Kunyange zvazvo nguva dzose zvichikosha kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti iwe nemhuri yako makasununguka pane zvirwere, zvinonyanya kukosha-kunyanya pazvinosvika kumasuki-kuita kudaro musati mabuda kunze kweUnited States.
Maitiro emakungwa muUnited States akaramba nemapfumbamwe kubva muzana kubva purogiramu yemajozi ekugadzira njodzi yakatanga muna 1963. Munyika yose, zvirwere zvekukuya kuburikidza neMeasles Initiative zvakatungamirira ku 84 kubva muzana kuderedza kufa kwemasero kubva muna 2000, kunyange zvazvo chirwere chichiripo kunetseka munyika dzakawanda pasi rose (kukura uye zvimwe).
Vaccination
Zvechokwadi, nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira masero ndeyekuchengetedza utachiona hwechirwere ichi chinopararira nekuwana chirongwa cheMMR. Sezvo vana vachiwanzoporwa vachipikisa maserosi nemishonga yeMMR pavanenge vane mwedzi 12 kusvika ku15 (yekutanga muyero) uye zvakare pamakore 4 kusvika ku6 (chirwere chekusimudzira), ramba uchifunga kuti izvi zvinoreva kuti vacheche vari pangozi yekukuya vasati vasvika tora MMR yavo yekutanga uye vana vaduku nevana vekuchikoro zvakare vari pangozi yekuyerera nokuti vanongopinda mumuviri mushure mekunge vawana MMR yavo yekutanga.
Ndiani Anofanira Kuvharwa?
Mushonga weMMR unokurudzirwa kuvana vose. Mushonga wokutanga unofanirwa kupiwa munenge mwedzi 12 kusvika ku15, uye wechipiri pamakore mana kusvika kumakore matanhatu, achangotanga kupinda kuchikoro chechikoro. Mwana ari kuenda kune dzimwe nyika asati apora vachengetedzwe anofanira kuonekwa nevana vake kuti vawane chirwere chepakutanga.
Vakuru vasina kuve vachakonerwa vanofanira kugamuchira kanenge imwe nhamba. Avo vanoshanda muhutano hwehutano kana mune imwe chikoro kana yunivhesiti vari pangozi yakanyanya yekutsvaga uye vanofanira kuwana miviri miviri mukati memazuva makumi mana kubva kune mumwe.
Kana uri kuronga kuva nepamuviri, unofanirwa kuongorora chiremba wako kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti iwe unodzivirira zvirwere, sezvo kuva nemasikisi paunenge wakabatwa kunogona kuva nengozi kumwana wako. Kana iwe usingakwanisi kudzivirira, iwe unofanirwa kuwana kamwe MMR imwe mwedzi usati wawana pamuviri. Iko CDC inoti yakachengeteka kuwana MMR paunenge uchiyamwisa.
Vakuru
Vabereki vari kurarama nemasikirini emasikiramu emangwana vangave vakaona kuti hazvisi vana vasina kuchena vari kuwana masizi. Vakuru vasina kuvhiringidzwa nemasero, kana, zvichida, havasi vacheche zvakakwana , vanowanzogadzirisa maserosi pavanenge vari kunze kweUnited States uye vatotanga matambudziko kumusha, zvakare.
Kungofanana nevana, vanhu vakuru vakaberekerwa mukati kana mushure memakore 1957 vanofanirwa kuwana miviri miviri yeMMR kana vakazarirwa nemasero kana vari kuenda kunze kweUnited States. Vanhu avo vakazvarwa kare 1957 vanofungidzirwa kuti havana kurwara nemasera.
Sezvo chirongwa chekuvhara chirwe chekukurira kupa vana chirwere chemaMMR hachina kuva chiitiro kusvikira muna 1990, zvinoita kuti vazhinji vakwegura vakaberekwa vasati vapera 1986 vangave vasina kukwana zvizere uye vachengetedzwe nemasese.
Vakuru vakaberekwa mushure me1986 vangangodaro vaine chirwere chinonzi booster chaMMR muna 1990 apo vaiva nemakore mana.
Vakuru vangada kuita zvinotevera:
- Funga kuchinjwazve nemitambo miviri yeMMR kana wakakonzerwa nemishonga inotanga kushandiswa yakasangana kubva muna 1963 kusvika muna 1967.
- Wana chikamu chechipiri cheMMR kana uchizove mudzidzi mune imwe nzvimbo yechikoro chepamusoro kana kuti unoshanda mune imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetedza utano.
Yeuka, kupirisa masero inzira yakachengeteka uye inobatsira yekuzvidzivirira kubva kumasese uye kubatsira kudzivirira humwe hutachiona hunoputika.
Mamiriro Akasiyana
Pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo zvinokurudzirwa kuti vana vawane MMR shots pachedu kupfuura chirongwa chekudzivirira chirwere, kunyanya vana vachave vachibva kunze kweUnited States.
Kune avo vana, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inotaura kuti chirongwa cheMMR chinogona kupiwa kuvana vaduku semwedzi mitanhatu yemakore. Vana vane mwedzi inenge gumi nemasere vanofanira kuwana miviri miviri yeMMR, yakaparadzaniswa nemazuva makumi maviri nemasere kana vachizove vachifamba munyika yose.
Kana zvikwata zvemasero muUnited States zvichiri kuwedzera, izvi zvinogona kuva hukuru hukuru pane dzimwe nguva. Bhuku reCDC rekuongororwa kwezvirwere-Zvidziviriro Zvirwere zvinoti: "Kana zviitiko zvakawanda zvichiitika pakati pemucheche anopfuura mwedzi 12, chirwere chemasero chevana vaduku semwedzi mitanhatu chinogona kuitwa sechirwere chekuvhiringidza."
Zvinosuruvarisa, vana vanotora MMR shot vasati vava nemwedzi gumi nemaviri vachafanira kuidzokorora kana vaine mwedzi gumi nemaviri kubva pakutanga kwekufungidzirwa kuti havakwanisi.
Ndiani Asingafaniri Kuvharwa?
Vakadzi vane pamuviri nevanhu vane simba rekudzivirirwa mumuviri havafaniri kuwana chirwere nokuti chinogadzirwa nemararamiro anorarama, akachengetedzwa, zvichireva kuti mavhesi ari muhutera uye haagoni kurarama kune vanhu vane utachiona hwakanaka hwemasimba. Muvanhu vane zvirwere zvekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvekare, hutachiona hwetachiona hunove hwakasimba hunoita kuti hurambe huripo uye hugadzirisa utachiona. Madzimai ane pamuviri, zvinongova kungwarira kumirira kusvikira wapedza kuberekwa usati watanga chirongwa cheMMR.
Nemhaka yezvimwe zvidimbu zvemukoko weMMR, vanhu vane chirwere chakakomba kune gelatin kana antiotictic neomycin havafaniriwo kuwana chirwere. Vanhu vane chirwere chakakomba, chinopisa upenyu kune chirwere cheMMR chakafanirwa havafaniri kuwana yavo yechipiri kupfura. Kana iwe uri kurwara, taura nachiremba wako kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti iwe unofamba-mberi kuti uwane chirwere chako.
International Travel
Usaronga hupi hwekufamba kwenyika dzose kana munhu wose ari mumhuri asingasviki pamatokisi avo emasikisi. Mazhinji emasikirwe aya aripo zvino anotanga nemumwe munhu asina kusununguka achibuda kunze kwenyika kuenda kunharaunda ine mazinga akakwirira emasero.
Kunyange izvo izvo zvaimbova zvichireva kufamba kune nyika yechitatu kana nyika dzichiri kusimukira, kune ikozvino mazinga akakwirira emasero munyika dzakawanda muEurope nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuwana zvirwere zvakanaka kana usati wabva kuUnited States, zvisinei kuti mhuri yako inoronga kuenda kupi.
Kuvhiringidza uye Kuparara
Kana iwe kana mwana wako akabatwa nemasikisi kana kana pane kuputika kwemasero munzvimbo yako, unofanira kuita zvinotevera:
- Tora kaviri-chengeta zvinyorwa zvemwana wako zvekuzvidzivirira kuitira kuti ave nechokwadi kuti ane chirwere chakakwana cheMMR.
- Tora mwana wako akabatwa pane chero zvirwere zvinorasikirwa, kunyanya MMR, iyo inogona kupa kudzivirirwa kana iye akabatwa nemasero uye asina kuzorapwa-chero bedzi iye akawana MMR shot mukati maawa makumi manomwe ekubuda.
- Cheka-chengeta iwe pachako zvirwere zvinyorwa sezvo iwe ungasave usina MMR booster kana iwe wakaberekwa musati ma1990 apo kuwana chirwere chechirwere cheMMR chakava chiitiko.
- Uyewo kaviri-chengeta zvirongwa zvako zvekuzvidzivirira kuti uone kana iwe wakabatwa nemishonga yakasikwa isina kujekeswa kubva muna 1963 kusvika muna 1967, iyo yakanga isiri yakasimba seMMR itsva uye inofanira kudzokororwa.
- Iva wakagadzirira mwana asina kusununguka kuti agare oga kuchikoro kwemazuva makumi maviri nemashanu kana pane chirwere chinoputika uye iwe usingadi kumuwana mushure wekutsvaga kwemukoko weMMR vachengeti.
Kudzivirirwa
Mushonga weMMR wakachengeteka zvikuru. Chidiki chevana vachabva vanyoroka, fivha, kana kusuruvara kana kupfugama apo pfuti yacho yaitungamirirwa. Mafivha makuru anokonzera kukanganisa dzimwe nguva akataurwa, asi haawanzovi uye haana kumbobatanidzwa nezvinetso zvemazuva mazhinji. Kuvhara pamwe chete kunogona kuitika mudiki muzana yevarwere, kazhinji vari kuyaruka uye vakuru.
Autism Fallacy
Chidzidzo chakanyorwa naDr. Andrew Wakefield chakabudiswa mumagazini yeLancet yezvokurapa muna 1998 chakaita kuti chirongwa cheMMR chive chinokonzera autism. Kupararira kwakawanda pamusoro peizvi kwakaita kuti kuderera kukuru kuwanda kwevana vawane chirongwa cheMMR, chakaita kuti kuwedzerwa kwemajeri emasero, mumaspipe, uye rubella.
A 2009 chirango chekurairirwa neGeneral Council Council yakagadza kuti Dr. Wakefield akashandisa dambudziko revarwere uye chidzidzo chave chichirambidzwa. Zvidzidzo zvakanyatsogadzirwa zvakanaka uye zvakakura zvakaratidza kakawanda kusabatana pakati peM MMR neA autism. Musi waFebruary 12, 2009, dare reUnited States rakapa mutongo kuti zvirwere hazvikonzeri autism .
Measles chirwere chinodzivirirwa. Iwe haugoni kufunga kuti kupararira kwevamwe kwakapararira zvakakwana kuti uchengetedze iwe wakachengeteka kana iwe usati wapora vachirwisana nemasero iwe pachako.
> Sources:
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Chitsauko 7: Mushonga. Roush SW, Baldy LM, eds. Mu: Bhuku rekuongororwa kwezvirwere-zvinodzivirira zvirwere. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012. Yakapedzwa musi waJanuary 5, 2018.
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Measles. Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. Mu: Epidemiology nekudzivirira kweHIV-Zvidziviriri Zvirwere. 13th ed. Washington DC Public Health Foundation; 2015.
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Measles, Mumps, uye Rubella (MMR) Kuchengetedza: Munhu Wose Anofanira Kuziva. Yakaperedzwa musi waFebruary 2, 2018.
> World Health Organization. Zvinyorwa Zvinyorwa Chikamu. March 2017.