Mishonga inorwarisa utachiona hunopararira hunokonzerwa nokusangana kune munhu ane utachiona. Kunyunyutira, kukwezva, uye kutaura kunogona kupararira, asi hutachiona hunogona kurarama pane nzvimbo uye mhepo kwenguva shoma-yakareba zvakakwana kuti ipe mumwe munhu mutsva. Pasati purogiramu masero ekuzvidzivirira yakatanga muUnited States muna 1963, pakange pane mamiriyoni matatu kusvika ku4 mamiriyoni emasese gore roga roga.
Kunyangwe chirwere chinenge chichiita kuti masero ave nekufunganya kwekare kare muUnited States, ichiri kunetseka kune dzimwe nyika. Kuparuka kwose pasi pose kuchiri kuitika uye avo vasina kurwara nehutachiona vanogona kuzviisa ivo uye vamwe vari panjodzi.
Zvinowanzokonzera
Mishonga inokonzerwa nechirwere chinopararira zvikuru chinonzi paramyxovirus chinodzokorora mumutsipa wako uye nemhino. Inopararira kuburikidza nemadonhwe ekufema apo munhu ane hutachiona anonyunyutira, achikandira, kana kunyange kutaura. Utachiona hunogona kurarama mumhepo uye pamusoro pemaawa anenge maviri mushure mekunge munhu ane zviratidzo zvemasero akasiya nzvimbo yacho. Iyo inopinda yako yekufema, iyo inokonzera fivhiri uye zviratidzo zvakadai semvura, uye zvinopararira mumuviri wako wose. Sezvo ma antibodies ako akarwisa hutachiwana, zvinokanganisa kumadziro emidziyo miduku yeropa inoitika, zvichiita kuti kupisa kwemasero.
Munhu ane utachiona anopararira kwemazuva masere apera-mazuva mana asati apfuura nemazuva mana mushure mekushona kwemasero.
Mishonga inopararira zvokuti mumwe munhu ane hutachiwana anoratidzirwa kuvanhu gumi vasingagoni kurwara nemasera achauraya 9 pa10.
Inenge 20 muzana yemakumbo emasero inoda kugara muchipatara uye kunyanya kuenda kuchiremba kana muimba yepamhanho nekuda kwefivha huru. Izvi zvinogona kuisa vamwe vanhu mune izvo zvigadziriro, kunyanya avo vane immune system zvinetso, pangozi kana vasina kunyatsoparadzaniswa.
Zvinosuruvarisa, apo vabereki vanotora vana vavo nemasera ekurapa, havawanzofungi kuti vane masero uye vanofumura vanhu vazhinji kuvana vavo apo ivo vanotapukisa.
Kuvharwa kwemasero hakungokudziviriri kuti urege kurwara, zvinokudzivisawo kuparadzira masero kune vamwe. Vanhu vasina kudzivirirwa vanoramba vachienda kune dzimwe nyika uko masero anojairika uye anouya nayo kuno, achiiparidzira kune vamwe. Pasinei nekupararira kwakawanda pamusoro pekubatana pakati pekudzivirira uye autism, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti hakuratiki seine sangano pakati pezviviri.
Measles Mushure mekuvhara
Ikoko kune imwe yakanyanya simba yakakura yemasopi inonzi atypical masero. Izvi zvinowanikwa kune vanhu vakave vachengetedzwa nemushonga wokutanga wekusimudza pakati pe 1963 na1967, iyo yakave yakaurayiwa kana kuti isina simba. Nemhaka yokuti havana kuva nehutachiona hwakazara, vanhu ava vanogona kukwanisa kubatana nehutachiona pavanoratidzwa kune mumwe munhu ane masero. Zviratidzo izvi zvakanyanya uye zvinowanzotanga nefivha huru uye musoro. Izvo zvinowanzotanga pamakumbo kana maziso kunzvimbo yechiso uye musoro, uye inogona kutombosvika padombo zvachose. Ichi chimiro chemasikisi chinoratidzika sechisingabatanidzi uye chiri chakanakisisa zvino.
Vanhu vakawanda vane zvirwere zviviri zvemasikisi, makumbo, uye rubella (MMR) vanochengeterwa masero, kunyange zvazvo vanhu vanenge 3 kubva kune 100 vaine madhara ose angaramba vachiwana masero kana vakazvionera. Nyanzvi dzehutano hazvizivi kuti nei ichi chiri, asi zvinogona kuva nokuti mamwe maitiro evanhu ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira ehurumende haasati apindura zvakanaka mukoko. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana wakagara uine zvirwere uye iwe uchiri kuwana mashesi, unozivikanwa mumatambudziko aya shanduko yakagadziriswa, chirwere chacho hachizove chakaoma. Hazvina kutapukisa, zvakare.
Kuparuka
Kuparara kunowanikwa apo mamwe maitiro ehosha anowanikwa munharaunda, nzvimbo, kana nguva iyo yakatarwa.
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatsira kuderedza kuputika kwemasero muUnited States, kunyange zvazvo takaona zvakawanda zvavo mumakore gumi adarika. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti pasinei nekutaura kwekuzvidzivirira kwekuzvidzivirira kwekutenda uye kuvhiringidza vabereki vasingabatsiri vana vavo vachirwe, tinenge tine hutachiona hwehuwandu hwevanhu.
MuUnited States, 91,9 muzana yevana vanotora chirwere chimwe chemuviri weMMR panguva iyo vane mwedzi 35 uye 90,7 muzana yevechiri kuyaruka vave nemitengo miviri. Kunyange zvazvo isina kukwana, iyo ichiri kure kwazvo kupfuura dzimwe dzakawanda mazamu ekuzvidzivirira pasi rose. Panzvimbo yehutachiwana hutachiwana hutachiona huno, United States ine masumbu echinangwa chevana vasina vacheche. Iyo iri mumasumbu aya uye mharaunda iyo inoputika inowanzoitika.
Muna 2014, United States yakaona kuputika kukuru kubva muna 2000 uye yakanyorwa 667 masero emasero akaparidzwa munyika 27. Kuputika kukuru, kunokonzera 383 kwevanhu ava 667, kwakaitika mumasangano makuru evaAmish muOhio. Zvakawanda zvezviitiko izvi zvakazobatanidzwa kuPhilippines, uko kwaivawo nekupararira kukuru kwemasero.
Zvikamu zvishomanana zvemasero emasopi mumatambudziko aya ari muvanhu vakanyatsopemerwa. Semuenzaniso, pakubuda kweEurope muna 2011-apo vanhu 30 000 vakawana masero, zvichikonzera kufa kwemazana, makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri emakemikari encephalitis, nematambudziko anokwana 1,482 emupneumonia-akawanda maitiro akanga asina kuvharwa (82 kubva muzana) kana asina kukwana vaccinetwa (13 muzana) vanhu .
Mukuwedzera kune nyika dzakawanda dzichiri kusimukira umo magirasi achiripo, kupararira kwemasero emarudzi ose ave akataurwa muJapan, United Kingdom, Philippines, uye kune dzimwe nyika, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti wakanyatsororwa asati wabuda muUnited States .
Anatomy of An Outbreak
Kutarisisa zvakanyanya kupera kwemasero kuSan Diego, California, mugore ra2008 kunogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa nokunaka zviri kuitika panguva imwe yezvipuka izvi uye kuti vangani vanhu vane utachiona vanogona kuzarura.
Mumwe musikana wemakore manomwe uyo asina kusunungurwa nokuti vabereki vake vaiva nekutenda kwekuzvidzivirira kwavo pachavo vakaenda kuSwitzerland nemhuri yake. Kwapera vhiki mushure mokudzokera kumba kubva parwendo, akarwara asi akadzokera kuchikoro mushure memazuva mashoma. Akabva atanga kushanyira uye akaona chiremba wemhuri yake, achiteverwa nevana vake, ndokubva aenda kune imwe nzvimbo yepamhanho nokuti akaenderera mberi ane fivha yakakura uye yekumhanyirira, zvose zviratidzo zvekare masero .
Akazoonekwa akaine masero, asi kwete pamberi pevamwe vana 11 vakabatwa nemasero zvakare. Izvi zvaisanganisira vaviri vevakoma vake, vana vashanu kuchikoro chake, uye vana vana vakaitora pahofisi yevana vevana.
Hazvisi nyore sezvazviri, zvakadaro. Munguva iyi chirwere chinoputika:
- Vatatu vevana vakapinda muutachiona vaiva vaduku kupfuura mwedzi gumi nemakore, uye naizvozvo vaduku zvikuru kuti vave vachakonzerwa.
- Vane humwe vevamwe vapfumbamwe vana vaiva nemwedzi inenge gumi nemasere vakanga vasina kusunungurwa nokuti vaiva nekutenda kwekuzvidzivirira.
- Vanenge makumi manomwe vana vakaiswa pasi pekuzviisa muzvivako kwemazuva makumi maviri nemaviri mushure mekunge vakagadziriswa kwekupedzisira nekuda kwekuti vainge vasangana kune rimwe remakumbo emasikisi uye vangadai vasina kuda kupemerwa kana kuti vaiva vaduku zvikuru.
- Mumwe wevana vane masero akaenda kuHawaii, achitya kutya kuti kuputika kwemasero kunogona kupararira ikoko zvakare.
Pamwe chete, vanhu 839 vakaparidzirwa nehutachiona hwemasikisi vachitanga nemwana mumwe chete ane utachiona.
Mumwe wavo akanga ane mwedzi wemwedzi gumi akawana utachiona pamwana wake arikuongorora, akanga achiri muduku kuti awane chirongwa cheMMR asi, uye akapedza kushandisa mazuva matatu muchipatara muhupenyu hunotyisa.
Zvinowanzoitika Nengozi
Kuve mwana muduku, asina kusununguka ndiyo inonyanya kuisa njodzi yekutengesa utachiona hwemasikisi nekukurira matambudziko. Kana iwe uchitarirwa nehutachiona uye iwe hauna kuporwa, mukana wako wekuwana iwo 90 muzana, pasinei nemakore ako.
Zvimwe zviitiko zvinowanzoitika panjodzi dzemasero zvinosanganisira:
- Vacheche vasina kuvharwa nokuti vari vaduku zvikuru: Mushonga wekukuya haubatsiri vacheche nokuti maitiro avo ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira haana kudzika zvakakwana kuti agadzire maitiro ekudzivirirwa kwekudzivirira mafungiro kumushonga. Kune vacheche vari kuenda kunze kweUnited States, zvinorayirwa kuti vagamuchire MMR yavo pamwedzi yemakore 6 kusvika ku11 pane kungomirira kusvika pamwedzi 12 kusvika ku15 mwedzi.
- Vanhu vasina kukonzerwa nekuda kwezviremba : Vamwe vanhu havagoni kuwana chirongwa cheMMR nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadai sekudzivirira mafungiro kana kuti ivo vari kutora mimwe mishonga, semakemikirini emukenza kana masero akawanda e steroid.
- Kuva asina kukwana vaccinedzwa: Avo vasina kugamuchira chikamu chechipiri chechirwere cheMMR hachina hutachiona hwakazara kumasese. Vana vakawanda havagamuchiri kupikisa kwavo kusvikira makore 4 kusvika ku6. Mushonga wokutanga unopoteredza 93 muzana inoshanda, asi wechipiri ndiyo 97 muzana inoshanda.
- Kuva nechirongwa chakazara asi kwete kukudzivirira kusachengetedzwa kwezvirwere: Izvi zvinoitika munenge 3 muzana yevanhu vanopemerwa.
- Vanhu vasingazivikanwi: Izvi ndezvokwadi kunyange dai vakambowana chirongwa cheMMR.
- Vitamini A kushaikwa: Izvi zvinokuita kuti uwedzere kubata masero uye kuti urwere huve hwakaoma.
Lifestyle Risk Factors
Kufamba kwenyika yose uye kusarudza kusapinda ndevaya mararamiro maviri ehupenyu anotengesa maitiro ekugadzirisa maserosi, uye aya anokosha. Munyika yose, masheya ndeimwe yezvinokonzera rufu muvana vasina kuvharwa pasi pezera remakore mashanu Musati maitiro ekushandiswa kwechirwere chemasopi uye chirwere chemasero, mumps, uye rubella (MMR) (1971), masero emasero-uye zvinetso kubva iyo mhaka-yakanga yakakwirira. Mune dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira, dzinoramba dzichikwirira kudarika kuUnited States nanhasi.
Misiyano ikozvino ndeyokuti panzvimbo yekupararira muUnited States sezvaisimbova kuva mberi kwechirwere, inenge yese mamiriro ekukura kwemasimani inobatanidza nekufamba kunze kwenyika, kunyanya kunyika dziri kusimukira. Uye pane kuitika kune vanhu vasingakwanisi kuwana zvirwere, maitiro akawanda ikozvino muUnited States ari kuvanhu vanosarudza kusazvidzivirira pachavo nevana vavo.
> Sources:
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Measles. Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, eds. Mu: Epidemiology nekudzivirira kweHIV-Zvidziviriri Zvirwere. 13th ed. Washington DC Public Health Foundation; 2015.
> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Measles, Mumps, uye Rubella (MMR) Kuchengetedza: Munhu Wose Anofanira Kuziva. Yakaperedzwa musi waFebruary 2, 2018.
> Mayo Clinic Staff. Measles. Mayo Clinic. Yakaperedzwa March 9, 2018.
> Sugerman DE. Kuderedza Kubuda Kwevanhu Vakawanda Vasina Kuvharirwa, San Diego, 2008: Basa Rokunyatsorongeka. Pediatrics. April 2010; 125 (4): 747-755. doi: 10.1542 / peds.2009-1653.
> World Health Organization. Zvinyorwa Zvinyorwa Chikamu. March 2017.