Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRI inomirira magnetic resonance imaging . Muzvokwadi, zita rakakodzera rekudzidza iyi ndere nyukliya magnetic resonance image (NMRI), asi apo chirongwa chacho chakanga chichigadzirirwa kushandiswa mune utano hwehutano kududzirwa kweshoko rokuti "nyukliya" kwakanzwa sekusava kwakanyanya uye kwakasara kunze zita rakagamuchirwa.
MRI inobva mumagadzirirwo emakemikari uye emakemikari emagetsi enyukireya magnetic resonance (NMR), imwe nzira inoshandiswa kuwana ruzivo pamusoro pemafungiro emakemikari.
Mashandiro anoita MRI
Kutanga, regai titarise zvikamu zveMRI machine. Zvinhu zvitatu zvinokosha zveMRI machine ndezvi:
- The primary magnet
Chikamu chakakura cheMRI ndicho chikuru chemaginiti . Kukudziridza magnetic field yezvakakwana simba kugadzira miriyo yeMRI yaiva chipingamupinyi chekutanga chekukunda mukugadzirwa kwekombiyuta iyi. - The gradient magnets
Mafuta makuru aya ndiwo "kukonzera zvakanaka" chikamu cheMRI machine. Vanobvumira kuti MRI iongorore pane chimwe chikamu chemuviri. Mafuta makuru anoitawo "ruzha rukuru" muMRI. - The coil
Kurutivi rwechikamu chemuviri wako uri kufungidzirwa ndiyo coil . Iko kune mahwende akaitwa kumapfudzi, mabvi, uye dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Ikopi iyo inobvisa kukanganisa kunokonzera kuti MRI inakwanise.
The Primary Magnet
Magnetti anogara nekusingaperi (semhando yaunoshandisa pafiriji yemukova) une simba rakakwana yekushandisa muMRI ingadai yakanyanya kudhura kubudisa uye yakaomawo kuti igadzire.
Imwe nzira yekuita maginiti ndeyekusungiridza foni yegetsi uye shandisa ikozvino kuburikidza netambo. Izvi zvinoumba magnetic field mukati mekona. Kuti uite simba rakawanda rinokwana magnetic field kuti riite MRI, mapeiri emucheka haafaniri kumira; saka vanoshambidzwa mumvura yakachena helium pamasendiro 450 degrees Fahrenheit pasi pe zero!
Izvi zvinobvumira kuti mapeiri ave nekugadzira maginist masikati ane 1.5 kusvika ku3 Tesla (simba rezvizhinji zvemishonga MRIs), anopfuura makumi maviri emakumi zvakasimba kudarika nyika magnetic field.
The Magnets Magnets
Kune matatu madiki maduku mukati meMRI machine inonzi gradient magnet. Izvi zviduku zviduku zvikuru izvo magnetti makuru (anenge 1/1000 semasimba), asi anobvumira magnetic field kuchinjwa chaizvo. Ndiyo magetsi anoita kuti mufananidzo "zvidimbu" zvemuviri zvigadzike. Nokuchinja mardient magnetti, magnetic field inogona kunyanya kutarisa pane chikamu chakasarudzwa chemuviri.
The Coil
MRI inoshandisa zvinhu zveatomu ehydrojeni kuti isiyanise pakati pemishonga yakasiyana mukati memuviri womunhu. Muviri womunhu unonyanya kunyorwa neatomu ehydrojeni (63%), mamwe maitiro anowanikwa ari oxygen (26%), carbon (9%), nitrogen (1%), uye zvishoma zvishoma phosphorus, calcium, uye sodium. MRI inoshandisa nzvimbo yeatomu inonzi "spin" kuti isiyanise kusiyana kwemasukisi akadai semasumbu, mafuta, uye tendon.
Ndiine murwere mumushini weMRI uye magnetti akaenderera mberi, nuclei yeatomu ehydrojeni inowanzotarisa mune imwe yenzira mbiri. Aya mahydrogen atomu nuclei anogona kuchinja mararamiro ayo, kana kuti kutangira, kune zvakasiyana.
Kuti urarise rumwe rutivi, coil inounza redio-frequency (RF) inokonzera kuchinja uku (iyo nguva yakawanda inoshandiswa kuita kuti kuchinja uku kuve kwakananga, uye kunonzi Larmour Frequency).
Chiratidzo chinoshandiswa mukusika MRI mifananidzo yakabva kune simba rakabudiswa nemamolekoro kuchinja kana kutengesa, kubva kune simba ravo guru kusvika kune simba ravo rehurumende. Iko kushandiswa kwesimba pakati pepin states kunonzi resonance, uye naizvozvo zita rokuti magnetic resonance imaging .
Kuzviisa Zvose Pamwe
Iyo coil inoshandawo kuti ione simba rinopiwa ne magnetic induction kubva pakufanirwa kweatomu.
Ikombiyuta inoshandura dheta uye inoita mifananidzo inoratidza maitiro akasiyana-siyana emhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Tinoona izvi sechifananidzo chemvuri ye grey - mamwe mashupi omumuviri anoratidza kuve akajeka kana kujekesa, zvose zvichienderana nezvinoitwa pamusoro apa.
Varwere vanorongwa kuti vawane MRI vachabvunzwa mibvunzo chaiyo kuitira kuti vaone kana MRI yakachengeteka kune murwere uyu. Mimwe yenyaya dzinotarisirwa dzinosanganisira:
- Mishonga mumutumbi
Varwere vane zvipfeko zvematare mumuviri vanofanira kuchenjerera vashandi veMRI vasati vasangana nemuedzo weMRI. Zvimwe zvipfeko zvesimbi zvinowirirana neMRI, kusanganisira majoka akawanda emapfupa . Zvisinei, zvimwe zvipembenene zvinodzivirira varwere kuti vasambova neMRI, yakadai seine aneiyo yemapurogiramu muuropi uye mashizha emuziso maziso . - Akabatwa zviyero
Varwere vane pacemaker kana mukati memafibrillator vanofanirwa kuchenjerera vashandi veMRI, sezvo izvi zvigadziri zvinodzivirira kushandiswa kwemuedzo weMRI. - Nguo / Zvishongo
Chero zvipfeko zvesimbi kana zvishongo zvinofanira kubviswa zvisati zvamboitika mukudzidza kweMRI.
Zvishandisi zvinhu zviri pedyo neMRI zvinogona kuva nengozi. Muna 2001, mukomana ane makore matanhatu akaurayiwa apo tank oxygen yakarova mwana. Apo MRI magnet yakashandurwa, tangi yeokisijeni yakanyatsopinda muMRI, uye mwana wacho akabatwa nechinhu ichi chakaoma. Nemhaka yechinetso ichi chinogona kuitika, vashandi veMRI vanonyatsochenjerera pakuona kuchengetedzwa kwevarwere.
The Noise
Varwere vanowanzotonyunyuta pamusoro peku 'kunetsa' ruzha runokonzerwa nemichina yeMRI. Uyu ruzha runouya kubva kumashizha makuru akataurwa kare. Aya maginiti emagetsi akangoita maduku akaenzana nekuenzana kweMRI magnet, asi anokosha mukubvumira kushanduka kunoshamisa mune magnetic field kuitira kuti 'kuona' chikamu chakakodzera chemuviri.
The Space
Vamwe varwere vane claustrophobic uye havadi kupinda mune mishini yeMRI . Nenzira yakanaka, pane zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zviripo.
- Kunyanyisa MRIs
Mutsva MRIs haadi kuti iwe uvete mukati me tube. Pane kudaro, varwere vane MRI yemabvi, chidzitiro, tsoka, gorosi, kana kuti, zvingaita kuti ipe chikamu chemuviri mukati memichina yeMRI. Mhando iyi yemashini haina kushandiswa kweMRI yemapfudzi, musana, zviuno, kana pelvis. - Vhura MRIs
Kuvhura MRIs kwaive nematambudziko makuru ehutano, asi teknolojia yekufananidzira yakavandudza zvishoma mumakore akawanda apfuura. Kunyange zvazvo yakavharwa MRIs ichiri kusarudzwa navanachiremba vakawanda , MRI yakazaruka inogona kunge yakakodzera. - Sedation
Vamwe varwere vane dambudziko kuramba vakagadzikana kwemaminitsi 45 inotora kupedza MRI, kunyanya neruzha rukuru. Nokudaro, zvingave zvakakodzera kutora mishonga kuti uzorore usati wava nechidzidzo cheMRI. Kurukurai izvi nechiremba wenyu musati matarisa chidzidzo cheMRI.