Vana vedu vanoita sei mazuva ano? Icho chinotaridzika kubva kune waunotaura naye. Nyanzvi dzezvokurapa uye hutano hwehupfumi hwevanhu hunoti iyi izera rakanaka zvikuru, nechechecheche rucheche rwekufa kwehuwandu, huwandu hwakanyanya hwehutachipatara, uye kugona kudya kwakanaka.
Vamwewo, vanowanzosungirwa kune anti-vaccine uye holistic kana kuti masangano emishonga sangano, vanoti vana vane chirwere kupfuura avo vakamborarama munhau.
Vanhu ivavo vangave vachinyengera mhosva yedu yepamusoro yekudzivirira maitiro ezvinonzi "autism", chirwere chepamusoro chekufa kwevana, uye kuwedzera kwemari yezvokudya zveperetti, nezvimwewo.
Vaccines
Vana nevechidiki vanogona kuwana zvirwere gumi nezviviri zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvinosvika gumi nemasere, kusanganisira diphtheria, tetanus , pertussis, masheya , mummy, rubella, polio, varicella, zvirwere zvepneumococcal, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chirwere chemainococcal, HPV, rotavirus, Hib, uye chirwere.
Uku ndiko kuwedzera kukuru kubva kune zvirwere zvinomwe zvevana zvakachengetedzwa muna 1980, apo vana vakanga vachiri panjodzi yekuwana epiglottitis, Hib meningitis, uye Pneumococcal meningitis, nezvimwewo.
Mishonga ndeimwe yehukuru hwehutano hunobudirira, asi zvichiri basa rinofanira kuitwa, kusanganisira:
- Chirwere chinoputika pasi rose
- Mushonga unobatanidza zvose zveNeisseria meningitidis serogroups mune imwe furo
- Kuvandudzwa kwezvirwere zvitsva zvinogona kudzivirira Ebola, Zika, RSV, HIV, uye Lyme chirwere, nezvimwewo.
- Chirwere chinonzi pertussis chinopa kuchengetedza kwenguva refu
- Kuwana munhu wose vachirwe - vana vasingazivikanwi vana uye vanhu vakuru vachiri kukonzera kuputika kwezvirwere zvinodzivirirwa
Kunyange zvakadaro, mugore ra2014, CDC yakataura kuti "vachizinesi ichadzivirira zvirwere zvinopfuura mamiriyoni 21 uye vakafa 732 000 pakati pevana vakaberekerwa mumakore makumi maviri apfuura."
Infant Mortality
Kufa kwevana vaduku, kana nhamba yevakafa vacheche kune chiuru chimwechete kuberekwa kurarama, yakagara ichingopfuura zvishoma muUnited States kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira.
Zvechokwadi, izvi hazviiti nekuda kwezvirwere, sezvinoita vamwe vanhu, asi panzvimbo yekuti nzira iyo kufa kwecheche kunotsanangurwa muUnited States. Kusiyana neUnited States, dzimwe nyika hadzibatanidzi vacheche vasati vasvika muvana vavo vanofa. Uye kubva pakutanga kwekuberekwa ndeimwe yezvinokonzera kukonzera kufa kwevana muU.S., iyo inofanidza kuenzanisa kwekutendeka.
Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokonzera kufa kwevana muUnited States zvinosanganisira kukanganisa kuberekwa, SIDS, zvinetso zvekuberekwa kwepamuviri, nekukuvara. Nenzira yakanaka, kufa kwecheche mahara kwave kuchiramba ichidonhera kwemakore. Ichokwadi, vakazosvika pakadzika kwavo pasi rose muna 2014.
Chirwere neAllergy
Iro yezana yevana vane asthma yakave yakanyatsogadzikana pamusoro pemakore, anenge anenge masere muzana. Uyewo yakasimba, pa5 kubva muzana, ndiyo nhamba yevana vane imwe kana kupfuura yekurwisana nehumukati mumwedzi 12 yapfuura.
Pakave "kuwedzera kwemaitiro muhuwandu hwevana vakamboona kuti vane asthma" kubva muna 1997, asi iyo tsika yakadzoka kubva muna 2011, uye kuwedzera kwekupararira mumakore achangopfuura.
Uyewo, chiyero chechipatara chevana chinoramba chiripo nokuda kwechirwere chakakunda kubva muna 2000 kusvika muna 2010.
Kune mamwe mararamiro emhando yehutano muvana nevechiri kuyaruka, kubvira muna 1997 kusvika muna 2011:
- Zvirwere zvekudya zvakawedzera kubva pa3,4 kubva ku1,5%.
- Kurwara kweganda (eczema) kwakawedzera kubva pa7,4 muzana kusvika 12,5 muzana.
- Zvirwere zvekuputira (hay fever) zvakaramba zvisingashandurwi, nehuwandu hwehuwandu hunenge hwe17 muzana.
Chidzidzo chechinyorwa chinobva kuInternet Study of Asthma uye Mishonga Yehupenyu Muhuduku, "Ko Eczema Ichokwadi Pamusoro Pokuwedzera Munyika Yose?" vakawana kuwedzera kwakanyanya munyika dzaimbova dzakapararira pasi, asi vakawanawo kuti "chirwere chemazuva ano chinenge chichikwira kana kuti chichiderera kune dzimwe nyika ine mazinga akawandisa akawandisa."
Hutano hwepfungwa
Tinowanzonzwa kuti hutano hwepfungwa huri kuwedzera. Izvozvo ichokwadi here? Maererano nehuwandu huwandu:
- "Chikamu chinopfuura 5 muzana chevana vane makore 4-17 chakataurwa nemubereki kuva nematambudziko akakomba nemanzwiro, maitiro, maitiro, kana kukwanisa kuwirirana nevamwe vanhu," izvo zvisingashanduki kubvira muna 2001
- Muzana wevechiri kuyaruka vane Major Depressive episode (MDE) mugore rapfuura yakawedzera kubva papfumbamwe muzana muna 2004 kusvika 11 muzana muna 2013, zvisinei, "chiyero chevechidiki vane MDE mugore rapfuura vachigamuchira kurapwa, kunotsanangurwa se kuona kana kutaura kune chiremba kana imwe nyanzvi pamusoro pechirwere chekudzvinyirira uye / kana kushandisa mushonga wemishonga yekuodzwa mwoyo mukati megore rapfuura, wakaramba kubva ku40 muzana muna 2004 kusvika 38 muzana muna 2013 "
- Miridzo yeHADH muvana iri kuwedzera zvishoma kubva muna 1997, kubva pa7,8 muzana muna 2003 kusvika ku11 muzana muna 2011, kunyange zvazvo kuwedzera uye kuwedzerwa kwevana vachitora mishonga yeAIDS kunoderera zvikuru, zvichiwedzera kubva pa4,8 muzana muna 2007 kusvika 6.1 muzana muna 2011
- Kubvira munguva ichangobva kukwirira muna 1994, kuzviuraya kwevakomana nevechidiki varume vakuru vanoramba vachiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pavakaderera pasi muna 2001 (vakadzi) uye 2007 (varume)
Autism
Kunyange zvazvo kupararira kwevhisikiro kwave kuchiwedzera muUnited States, kubva kune 1 muvana vana (2000) kusvika kune 1 muna 68 (2010), nyanzvi haifungi kuti ndeyekuti kune vana vakawanda vevististic kana kuti kune chirwere chevidism. Pane kudaro, nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti "muyero wehupupuriro hunoratidza kuti ihwo huwandu hwekuwedzera hunoonekwa pane hutachiona." Uye zvakakosha, ikozvino vhesi yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehu
Chirwere chevana
Iwe unofunga kuti kenza inowedzera isingadzorwi paunenge uverenga nezve "zvose zvinokonzera kenza" kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzewebhu.
Nenzira yakanaka, kenza yepamusoro yehutachiwana yakange ichinge ichinge ichinge ichinge ichinge ichinge ichinge ichinge ichinyanya kuwanda kwekenza huru dzevanhu vakuru, kusanganisira prostate, mapapu, colorectal, uye kenza yeuropi muvarume, uye necherectal, ovari, kenza yemukomana mukati mevakadzi.
Saizvozvowo, kune vanawo, kune vana vakawanda kanzira dzekenza, nhamba dzinoratidza:
- Kurasika kufa kwehuwandu
- Nhamba yakasimba yemakirini ose kubvira muna 2001
Uye nerufaro, kenza yevana iri pedo ne80 muzana yemakore ekupona.
Chirwere cheshuga
Kunyangwe iwe unotarisira kuti kuwedzera kwechirwere cheshuga chechipiri nekumera kwehutano hwehutano pamusoro pemakore, kwave kunewo kushamisa kunoshamisa kwechirwere cheshuga chechirwere chechirwere.
Kubvira muna 2001 kusvika muna 2009, chiitiko chechirwere cheshuga che1 chirwere cheshuga chakawedzera kubva pa148 kusvika 1000 kusvika 1.93 kusvika 1000. Chiitiko chepasi rese, chinonyanya kuitika muFinland, chikonzero chekuwedzera uku hachizivikanwi.
Zvirwere Zvokudzivirira
Mukuwedzera kune mamiriro akaita se lupus neecliac chirwere, kune kukanganisika kuti boka rose idzva rematambudziko riri kuitika ikozvino - autoimmune syndrome inokonzerwa nevatsigiri (ASIA).
Chii chinonzi ASIA? Icho chisingazivikanwi chinorondedzerwa chirwere chinoda kupa mhosva mishonga sechikonzero chezvirwere zvekudzivirira. Nyanzvi, zvisinei, "haatendi kuti inonyatsozivikanwa."
Ko zvakadini nezvimwe zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri?
- Chirwere cheCeliac - kunyange kuwedzera kukuziva kwave kuchiita kuti kuwedzerwa kuongororwa kwechirwere chechiliac muvana, zvinofungidzirwa kuti "dhiyabhorosi yedhidhiyo yedhiyabhorosi inowedzera kuwedzera kwekupararira munyika yose, uye mitero yakapetwa kaviri anenge makore ose makumi maviri"
- Ita 1 chirwere cheshuga - kuwedzera sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa
- Lupus (SLE)
- Juvenile dermatomyositis
- Scleroderma
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
Kushayikwa kwekuongorora kwenyika yezviitiko zvezvirwere zvakawanda zvinokonzerwa nemaronda, zvakadai seJIA neSLE, zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuziva zvakajeka kuti vari kufamba sei, asi zvakachengeteka kufunga kuti vari kuwedzera.
Kunyange zvazvo tisingazivi kuti nei zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri zviri kuwedzera, tinoziva kuti vazhinji vanogovana pedyo nehutano hwehutano. Izvi zvinogonawo kuti zviitiko zvezvakatipoteredza zvingave zvakakonzera kukura uku.
Kunyange zvazvo zvirwere zvinowanzofungidzirwa kuti ndizvo zvinokonzera vanhu vanokonzerwa nehutachiona, zvirwere hazvisi, kunze kwezvishoma zvisingaoneki mamiriro ezvinhu, zvakadai sokusimbisa ITP mushure mokuwana chirongwa cheMMR. Kubva pane pfungwa yokuti iwe unogona kukura multiple sclerosis mushure mekuwana chirwere che hepatitis B chechirwere cheshuga mushure meHib kana mumwe mushonga, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti zvirwere hazvikonzeri zvirwere zvemoto.
Kutsvakurudza kunoramba kuchiitwa kutarisa izvo zvingave zvichikonzera kuwedzera uku.
Zvimwe Zvaunofanira Kuziva
Zvimwe zvinhu zvokuziva nezvehutano hwevana vemazuva ano zvinosanganisira:
- Kunyange zvazvo isina kuchinja kubva muna 2013, pamakore 78.8, tarisiro yehupenyu yehuwandu hweUnited States muna 2014 yakaramba ichiwedzera pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri akapfuura.
- Hospitalizations dzakanga dzakadzika kana dzisingashanduki kune vana uye vechidiki kubvira muna 2000 kusvikira muna 2012 nekuda kwemamiriro mazhinji.
- Kunyange zvazvo hutano hwehutano hwakanyanya huchiwedzera shure kwema1980, vanhu vazhinji vachashamiswa kuziva kuti vakaramba vakasimba kubva muna 2003, uye vakatotanga kuregera muvana vane makore ekutanga.
- Zvinyorwa zvemishonga zvaive 7% pasi muna 2010 kupfuura zvaive muna 2002.
- Vachiri kuyaruka mumitambo yevechidiki vakawana zvinyorwa pasi muna 2013, kunyange zvazvo ichiri nani kudarika nyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira.
Nekuwedzera kwehupenyu huri kutarisira uye nekufa kwevana vacheche, vana nhasi vanoita sevanorwara kupfuura kare. Kunyangwe zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere zviri kumusoro, mamwe akawanda ari pasi.
Chinonyanya kukosha, "mitoo inotyisa" iyo vamwe vanhu vanonyora pamusoro inonyanya kudarika.
Zvinosuruvarisa, vana vedu vane matambudziko makuru makuru anotarisana navo, zvose iye zvino uye munguva yemberi iri pedyo, kubva kupfuti chisimba uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kusvika kukutyisidzira kwezvirwere zvinobuda .
Hatifaniri kurega kunetseka pamusoro pekuita zvipingamupinyi, se "chekisi" muzvirwere, zvinokonzera matambudziko (kubuda kwezvirwere-zvinodzivirirwa) izvo zvichatora zvigaro kubva pakusikwa kwehupenyu hwakachengeteka uye hune utano hwevana vedu.
Sources:
Dabelea, Dana MD, PhD. Kuwanda kweTsika 1 uye Tsika 2 Chirwere cheshuga pakati pevana nevana vaduku kubva muna 2001 kusvika muna 2009. JAMA. 2014; 311 (17): 1778-1786
Federal Interagency Forum Pamusoro pevana neveMhuri. Vana veAmerica: Nheyo dzeNyika Dzakaratidzwa dzeHugare, 2015
Guandalini, Stefano MD Celiac Disease A Review. JAMA Pediatr. 2014; 168 (3): 272-278
Gupta, R, et al. Kuwanda, Kuoma uye Kuparidzirwa Kwevana Kudya Zvokudya Zvose muUnited States. Pediatrics 2011; 10.1542 / ped.2011-0204.
Hawkes D. Kuongororazve kusagadzikana kwakaipa kumakemikari: Kuongorora kwakakosha kweA autoimmune Syndrome Kunokonzerwa neAdjuvants (ASIA). J Autoimmun. 2015 May; 59: 77-84.
Jackson KD, Howie LD, Akinbami LJ. Mitambo yezvimwe zviitiko zvevana: United States, 1997-2011. NCHS data pfupi, kwete 121. Hyattsville, MD: National Centre for Health Statistics. 2013.
Murphy SL, Kochanek KD, Xu JQ, Arias E. Mortality muUnited States, 2014. NCHS data pfupi, kwete 229. Hyattsville, MD: National Centre for Health Statistics. 2015.
Yakabva PA, Hackett CJ. Kutaura nezvevabereki: Zvinokonzera zvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi here? Pediatrics 2003; 111: 653-9.
Siegel, David A. Kanzviro Inokonzera Mitero uye Mitambo Pakati pevana nevana vaduku muUnited States, 2001-2009. PEDIATRICS Bhuku 134, Nhamba 4, Gunyana 2014.
Sullivan, Erin M. MPH. Kuzviuraya Kwekuzviuraya Pakati Pevanhu Vakwegura 10-24 Makore - United States, 1994-2012. MMWR. March 6, 2015/64 (08); 201-205