Gram staining ndiyo nzira inonzi microbiological iyo inoronga mabhakitiriya anobva pamagadzirirwo emuviri uye makemikari emukati. Izvi zvinongoratidzwa chete ne-slide, microscope, uye mavara. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa pakuona nekujekesa mabhakitiriya ose mukutsvakurudza uye makiriniki laboratories.
Gram-Positive uye Gram-Haisi
Mabhakitiriya haana kuiswa mumhando mbiri, gram-positive uye gram-negative.
- Mabhakitiriya e-Gram-positive ane hutete hwakaumbwa nemapolymers eprotheni-shuga mamolekemu anonzi peptidoglycan. Gram staining ye peptidoglycan layer (iyo ndiyo masvingo esero) ine ikemikari inonzi crystal violet inogadzira muvaravara hwepepuru hwebriteria. Kuwedzerwa kweaketone kana doro kunoderedza bhakitiriya, zvichiita kuti ichengete ruvara rwepepuru.
- Mabhakitiriya e-gram-negative ane mamwe embrane anobva kunze ayo ayo anoramba acetone / alcohol-dehydration uye anoita kuti kurasikirwa kwekristal violet stain. A counterstain, yakagadzirwa ne fuchsin, inoita kuti mabhakitiriya aya matsvuku kana kuti akapfa.
Muedzo unosanganisira kutarisa mabhakitiriya ari pasi pe microscope. Bhakitiriya inogona kuonekwa pasi pekroscope kana yakasvibiswa. Aya mabhakitiriya anokwanisa kuunganidzwa mumashamba-akadai kubva mumuti, sputa, neropa. Aya sampuli anoshandiswa kuziva kana mabhakitiriya ari mune imwe chikamu chemuviri. Zvirwere zvinowanzowanikwa kune imwe chikamu chemuviri - zvakadai sachidimbu, mapapu, kana kunyange bone, gallbladder, ganda.
Zvimwe zvirwere zvinowedzera uye zvinopararira muropa.
Izvo zvipembenene zvinopisa ruvara rwepepuru zvinogadzirwa zvakanaka; izvo zvinoshatisa pinkish zvinoratidzira. Iyo nzira iri nyore yekuziva zivo inokosha. Inotitaurira kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekunze kwekuchengetedza mabhakitiriya ane. Izvi zvinobatsira vanachiremba kuti vasarudze kuti ma antibiotic anoshandisei uye kuti mabhakitiriya ndeapi ane mhosva yehutachiona - sezvo mamwe mabhakitiriya anotarisirwa kuita zvakasiyana pane mamwe.
Mamwe mabhakitiriya ari gram positive, saStaph Aureus (kusanganisira MRSA ) uye Strep mabhakitiriya. Mamwe mabhakitiriya chirwere chakaipa - saSalmonella , Shigella , uye mamwe mabhakitiriya akawanda . (Genus) mabhakitiriya anokonzera gonorrhea uye chinotyisa chebhakitiriya meningitis, Meninogococcus, is gram negative. Mamwe mabhakitiriya haasiwo akaenzana nechimiro chegiramu, asi inobatsira kune marudzi mazhinji eubhakitiriya.
Marudzi ehutachiona anowanzokonzerwa nemararamiro egiramu akaipa kana gram akanaka, asi angave akakonzerwa nehumwe rudzi kana rumwe. Chirwere chinogona kukonzerwa nemumwe, asi vazhinji vanotambura negiramu dzakakonzerwa nehutachiona hweStrep bacteria. Urinary Tract Infection inowanzokonzerwa ne gram zvakaipa zvirwere. Iko kune mamwe mhando dzakawanda dzehutachiona dzinogona kunge dziine gram rakanaka kana gramu yakaipa.
Kuziva kana rudzi rusingazivikanwi rwebhakitiriya rwuri chirongwa chemuviri kana rakanaka runogona kubatsira kubvisa mabhakitiriya. Vanachiremba vanowanzoda kufungidzira kuti zvipi zvirwere zvinorwara nemurwere. Vanowanzoda kubata zvisiri izvo, sezvatinoti, tisingazivi zvakananga chii chinokonzera utachiona uye iyo inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Kuziva chimiro chechiramu chinobatsira.
Mabhakitiriya akasiyana anopindura kune maitiro anorwisa mabhakitiriya akasiyana.
Gram positive uye gram bhakitiriya yakaipa zvikuru inopindura zvakasiyana siyana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Kuziva kana mabhakitiriya ari gram neg kana pos zvinogona kubatsira kusarudza kuti ma antibiotic angangodaro aishanda sei.
Gram staining inogona kuitwa mu laboratori pasina zvakawanda zvezvinhu. Zvinoda microscope, mashizha, mashizha, uye mumwe munhu anoziva nzira yekuita girasi yegiramu.