MuUnited States, ma ambulensi vane vashandi vezvirwere , varapi vedambudziko rekurapa ( EMT s ), kana kusanganiswa kwezvose. Haasi ma ambulensi ose anopindura kune 911 nhare dzomumhanho uye mumatambudziko mazhinji, ambulensi dzisina ngozi dzinoshanda nemaEmTs maviri uye pasina vakwegura.
EMTs uye vakamiririri vezvematongerwe enyika zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano hwehutano.
EMTs dzidza nheyo yezvishandiso uye unyanzvi hupi hupi hupi huchadzidziswa huchazogadzirisa. Asi usarega kuenderera mberi uku kuchikunyengera iwe. Unyanzvi hweEEM hunokosha zvakadai sevaya vanobatsira varwere. Zvechokwadi, kubudirira kwepamuviriki ndomumwe asingambokanganwi kuita zvidzidzo.
Basic Life Support
Emergency medical technicians vanodzidziswa kupa hupenyu hwehupenyu hutsigiro. Inguva inosuruvarisa nokuti zvinokosha hazvipi kupa chikwereti unyanzvi hunochengetedza hupenyu hunoitwa EMTs. Kakawanda, mune zvekukurumidzira kurapwa, hutano hwakakosha ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kuponesa upenyu. CPR, semuenzaniso, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mune zvekurapa chero munhu anogona kutora, asi zviri pachena kuti unyanzvi hunokosha kupfuura wese wehupi hwehutano hwehutano.
Hupenyu hwehutano hwehupenyu ndihwo hukuru hwema ambulensi yose muUnited States Kana ambulensi iri kutakura murwere, kune mushumiri ari kumashure kwema ambulensi ane murwere anopa humwe hutano kana hwehupenyu hwomutsigiro.
Chimwe chete kunze kwemurairo uyu ndeyeiyo isingawaniki yekutambudza kutakura kutakura (CCT) kana kukwidziridzwa kwekutakura kwekutakura (SCT) maqembu. Pasingapfuuri chikamu chimwe chema ambulensi ose mumugwagwa vanoshandisa mapoka chaiwo ekutarisira varwere vanobva kune imwe nzvimbo yehutano kune imwe. Aya mapoka angangosanganisira vanachiremba, vanachiremba, mapuropare ekuputira, kana kusanganiswa kwezvinhu izvi pamwe chete ne EMTs kana varapi vemedambudziko.
Kusiyana pakati pehutano uye hukuru hwehupenyu hutsigiro (ALS) huri kuchinja nguva dzose, saka zvakaoma chaizvo kunyatsotsanangura BLS. Chimwe chirevo chechigunwe ndechekuti kana nzira yacho inosanganisira nheyo kana kana bhutu richipfuura nehuro, haisi hupenyu hwehupenyu hutsigiro. Kune mamwe matanho ekuongorora anowanikwawo kubva kuBSS muitiro wekuita, zvakadai se electrocardiograms (ECGs).
What EMTs Learn
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani hupenyu hutsigiro hwehupenyu (BLS), ngatitarise kuongorora kwehutano iyo EMT inodzidza:
- Chiremba Kuongororwa : EMT inofanira kudzidza kuongorora varwere uye kuziva zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvehupenyu hunotyisa hutano. EMTs dzinodzidza kuwana nhoroondo uye inoongorora. Ichi chinova chikonzero chekuongorora kweEEMT pamwe nekuongororwa kweperiyamu kune avo EMTs vanoenda pakuva vakamiririri vezvematongerwo enyika.
- Airway Management : Imwe yenheyo dzinonyanya kukosha yekuchengetedza hupenyu ihwo hwemapfupa ekufema . EMTs dzidza kuchengetedza murwere nemhepo kushandisa nzira dzekufamba munzira dzomugwagwa (zvishandiso zvinobatsira kuchengetedza rurimi kubva panzira yekuzarura, iyo inopinda mumugwagwa) pamwe nekutsvaga kubvisa zvipfeko uye zvinhu zvekunze kubva pamutsipa. Vanodzidzawo kutora kupfupika kwekupema kushandisa oxygen uye dzimwe nguva mishonga inonzi aerosolized. Kushandiswa kwemishonga seAlubuterol kunobva kune hurumende kana masuwa apo EMT inoshanda.
- Kutarisa : Chiziviso che EMT chakasikwa makore vasati vashanduri vakagadzirwa. Kukurudzira kwekuumba EMTs kwakauya kubva pakufamba kwekutengesa kwemotokari munguva ye halcyon mazuva emashure motokari muma1960. Kutambudza kubva pamotokari yemotokari kwakabatsira kukudziridza kurovedzwa kwezvaive zvadaro kungofanana nevatyairi vemagetsi. Kusaputsika kwemafuro kwakange kuri chikamu chikuru chekudzidza.
- Bandaging : Pamwe chete nekuputika kwemafupa kunouya kuvhudza mavanga akazaruka . Nenzira imwechete yekukuvadza iyo inoputsa mapfupa inobvarura ganda rakazaruka uye musuru. EMTs inofanira kuziva nzira yekubata nayo zvose zvakanaka.
- Kununura Mucheche : Inobvisa kunze kwechokwadi kuti ambulensi inoshevedzwa kuvakadzi vari mubasa, zvakakosha kuti vaiziva zvavanofanira kuita pavakasvika ikoko. Kana zvasvika kune unyanzvi hwekufambisa pakuberekwa pakuberekwa, pane zvishoma zvishoma zvavanodzidza kunze kwezvakakosha zvekudzidzisa kweEmT.
Idzi ndidzo hutano hunokosha uye hauna kuchinja zvachose kubva pa EMTs. Muna 1996, chirongwa chekudzidzisa vanachiremba vedambudziko rekurapa (panguva inonzi inyanzvi yezvokurapa mune zvokurapa) yakabudiswa neNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), iyo inoita zvishoma zvishoma kana iwe uchiyeuka ukama huri pakati pe EMTs nemotokari ngozi.
Pane zvinhu zvishoma zvakawedzerwa mumakore (aitevedzana matsva ehutano hwekurapa mazano ekurapa akabudiswa pakati pe 2005-2009), kusanganisira mishonga se albuterol, epinephrine, naloxone, uye nitroglycerin. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana kune "hapana nheyo" kutonga kwechigunwe kumusoro uko kushandiswa kwe epinephrine uye naloxone. Zvose izvi mishonga inopiwa kuburikidza nekujowa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, EMTs vanoshandisa auto-injectors yakagadzirirwa kuti munhu akashandise kushandisa kushandisa mishonga iyi. Kushandiswa kwemishonga kunze kweyakisijeni uye glucose yomumuromo inoshandiswa mumuromo (shuga yakajeka inopiwa kuvarwere vane hypoglycemia) haisi iyo yose. Kusiyana kwakasiyana kwemuganhu kuripo mune zvose EMT uye mamiriro ezvinhu epamuviri.
Kuva EMT Akazivikanwa
Hurumende imwe neimwe ine mitemo yayo nemitemo inotungamirira kudzidziswa uye chiziviso chevashandi vezvechiremba vanokurumidzira. Vazhinji vanotevera National Emergency Medical Services Education Standards rakabudiswa neHNTSA. Izvo zviyero zvinofungidzira kuti kurovedzwa kweEEM kunotora pakati pemaawa 150 kusvika ku90. Vakawanda vanoti maawa mashoma anotsanangurwa mumutemo. California, somuenzaniso, inoda zvishoma zvidzidzo maawa makumi maviri eEEMT chiyeuchidzo, pasi pemaonero ehurumende akaenzana. Zvirongwa zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kudarika zvishoma, zvechokwadi.
Kana kambani yekudzidzira ichinyatsogadziriswa, mudzidzisi weEEMT anofanira kupedza chirongwa chekuongorora. Mune zvese kunze kwenyika dzinotaura (New York, Wyoming, Illinois, neNorth Carolina), munhu anoshanda achatsvaka kuongorora kwakagadzirwa uye kunotungamirirwa neNational Registry ye Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT). Mune dzimwe nyika, kuongorora kuchaitwa nehurumende uye mitemo ichave yakasiyana pane inotsanangurwa pano.
Kana imwe nguva kuongororwa kwapera, munhu anokumbira achazivikanwa neNREMT. Chinoitika chinotevera chinoenderana nehurumende, asi kazhinji inenge ichangobva kuumbwa, EMT-yakagadziriswa EMT ichapa NREMT yake chivhodhi kuhofisi yeEmo EMS yebazi rehurumende (hatingapindi mumakakavheti pamusoro peisensi yepamutemo kune chiyeuchidzo pano). Ivo reti rehurumende uye chirongwa cheNREMT chakanaka kwemakore maviri. Kuvandudzwa kune zvakasarudzwa nehurumende, uye zvinowanzodikanwa kuti ugare uchidzidza maawa. Nyaya dzehurumende hazviiti kuti EMT ichengetedze NREMT yake chiziviso mushure mekunge bhodhi rekutanga rabudiswa.
EMTs Kusimuka Kubva kuNyika kuenda kuHurumende
Kana iwe une ikozvino NREMT certification, iwe une chikamu chakakosha chekutambisa rako reisheni kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe. Kazhinji, zvisinei, izvo hazvina kukwana. Zvizhinji zvehurumende zvine zvimwe zvido zvekugadzirisa usati wawana chirairo, kunyange kana iwe watove wakaratidza nyika yose.
Zvakaoma uye hapana nzira yekuvhara zvese zvidzidzo. Zano rakanakisisa nderekushevedza ofisi ye EMS yehurumende kwaunofamba. Tsvaga mhando yezvinhu zvaunoda kuita uye iva nechokwadi chokuti iwe unobata mabhokisi ose.
Ndeapi EMTs Usadzidze Kuchikoro (Kazhinji)
Emergency medical technicians vanodzidziswa kubata nevarwere mune zvakaenzana nezuva rakaipisisa (zvichida rokupedzisira) roupenyu hwomurwere. Asi handizvo izvo EMTs zvakawanda zvichange zvichizoita apo ivo pakupedzisira vanopinda nepurogiramu uye vanokwira mu ambulense kwekutanga. Vazhinji veEmTs havasi kuzokwikwidza kuburikidza nemigwagwa inoremekedzwa neinzwi rekuchema uye mwenje ichibhururuka, kungobvuta murwere anonetseka kubva kumapfupa ekufa kwekufa munguva pfupi.
Vazhinji veEmTs vari kutengesa murwere iyeye kwemazuva maviri gare gare kubva kuchipatara kwaakatakurwa panguva yekukurumidzira kuchipatara kwaanozopedzisa kupora. Ndizvo chaizvo zvema ambulensi yekufambisa: mazhinji ambulensi haishandisirwi pakarepo.
EMT chirongwa chekudzidzisa chinopedza nguva shoma. kana iripo, kudzidzisa vanoda EMT mazano chaiwo anozoita kuti zvibudirire kwazvo mumakore ekutanga emabasa avo: tsitsi, unyoro, nekukurukurirana kwevanhu, kungoti vashoma.
Unyanzvi hwekukurumidzira hunodikanwa, zvisinei pasinei nokuti EMT iri kukurumidza kusvika 911 nhare kana kushandura interfacility transfer. Zvechokwadi, varwere vanorwara zvikuru EEMT itsva ichava nehanya naye ndeyekuti ari kutakura kubva kuchipatara kusvika kuchipatara. Kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika panguva yekufambisa, EMT inotarisirwa kuona uye kugadzirisa.
Unyanzvi hwokudzorera zvakare pane izvo zvinowanzoonekwa se "basa" nguva dzose hazvisimbiswi muzvirongwa zvekudzidzisa. EMTs dzinodzidziswa kusvika, kuongorora, kubata, kutakura, kusuka, nekudzokorora. Hazviwanzo kuwana chero mazano ekubata kwevarwere vanoda kuongororwa nguva dzose, dzimwe nguva kwemaawa pavanotakura.
Kunyatsogadzirira EMTs yenyika chaiyo, zvakakosha kuti isu tivape zvivako zvebasa ravari kuita chaizvoizvo. Sezvinoita mutyairi pane jet yevanotakura, vanofanirwa kunge vakagadzirira izvo zvisingafanoonekwi, asi vanofanirwawo kuziva nzira yekubata nayo vanhu vasingagoni kubatwa.
> Sources:
> Davis CS, Southwell JK, Niehaus VR, Walley AY, Dailey MW. Emergency medical services naroxone access: kurongeka kwenyika kwepamutemo. Acad Emerg Med . 2014 Nha.; 21 (10): 1173-7. doi: 10.1111 / acem.12485.
> US Department of Transportation / National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2009). National Emergency Medical Services Education Standards. Washington, DC.
> US Department of Transportation / National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2009). National Emergency Medical Services Education Standards: Emergency Medical Technician Instructional Guidelines . Washington, DC.
> US Department of Transportation / National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2005). National EMS Core Content. Washington, DC.
> US Department of Transportation / National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2007). IE National EMS Scope of Practice Model. Washington, DC.