Electronic Health Records
Kodhi yehutano yehutano (EHRs) uye marekodhi emagetsi ehuwandu (EMRs) inobatsira kwemazuva ano yehutano teknolojia yehutano. Kunyange zvazvo mashoko maviri aya, EHRs uye EMRs, anowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana, EHRs inongororwa nguva nenguva uye inoedza kuwedzera mamwe data kupfuura EMRs. EHRs ine ruzivo kubva kune vese vanachiremba vanobatanidzwa mukutarisira kwevarwere uye vane vavariro yakavakwa kuti vagoverane mashoko aya.
Kodhidhiyo marekhodi ari kuwedzerwa kugamuchirwa muUnited States, achigadzirisa kazhinji kacho mapepa emagetsi asingawaniki uye asina kuvimbika achiripo mune zvipatara zvakawanda. Izvi zviri kuita kuti utano hwedu huve hwakachengeteka uye hunobudirira. Haisi zvirwere chete zvinogadzirisa; mahofisi echiremba, kutarisirwa kwehutano kwakasiyana-siyana kunobatsira uye makambani einishuwarenzi ari kuita shanduko yekugadzira data-kuchengetedza. Izvi zvitsva, zvinokonzerwa nedzimwe nharaunda zvinobatanidza vatsigiri vehutano uye kuwedzera mikana yevarwere.
Emergency situations, zvakadai sezviitiko, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga uye kurwisana nemagandanga, ndeye chiyeuchidzo chinonyadzisa chekukosha kwehupenyu hwehutachiwana hwekuwana. Kana mabhuku ezvokurapa anowanika pakarepo-zvisinei pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu emunharaunda kana murwere-zvibereko zverapa zvinogona kuwedzerwa.
EHRs uye EMRs zvinokoshawo mumazuva ese ezvehutano mamiriro ezvinhu. Panzvimbo pokuvimba nemurwere kuzvitaura kwavo nhoroondo yavo yezvechiremba, vanachiremba vanoshandisa EHRs iye zvino vanongoda ruzivo rwechirwere chekuziva (sezita uye zuva rokuberekwa) kuti vawane nhoroondo yake yose yezvehutano. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuongororwa kusangokurumidza kukurumidza, asiwo kune ngozi uye yakazara.
Hurumende yeUnited States inokurudzira zvakasimba kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zvemagetsi kuburikidza nekupa zvirongwa zvinokurudzira. Kana vatarisi vehutano vanogona kuratidza kuti vari kushandisa EHR uye vanoenderana nemitemo yemitemo inozivikanwa seKushandisa Kunobatsira, avo vanopa mukana vane kodzero yekubhadhara chikamu chekutsvaga kwavo. Nhamba yevashandi vezvehutano vachishandisa zvinyorwa zvehutano zvemagetsi zvinoramba zvichiwedzera, zvichiita kuti tive nechokwadi chehutano hwehutano husinganzwisisiki pedyo neicho.
Kubatsirwa kweEHRs
Zvimwe zvezvikomborero zvezvinyorwa zvehutano zvejeri zvinosanganisira:
- Mashoko akaunganidzwa nevadzidzisi vekutanga vanogona kugoverwa nedhipatimendi rekukurumidzira. Semuenzaniso, kana munhu ari kurwisa kune imwe mishonga, kurangarirwa kunoponesa kunopfuudzwa kunyange kana murwere asina chaanoziva.
- Iko kune nhoroondo yekuongororwa kwechirwere mutsva, saka kudzokorora kusingakoshi kunogona kudziviswa.
- Chirwere chezvipatara, zvirongwa zvekuzvidzivirira uye mirayiridzo yekutevera zvinowanika nyore, izvo zvinoita kuti shanduko kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kusvika kune imwe inononoka.
- Vashandi vanogona kunyoresa kune zvinyorwa zvavo uye vanowana ruzivo rwehutano hwavo.
Mabasa eEEMR / EHR Systems
EHRs ine mashoko ekutanga akaita sezita rako, nhare dzekutsvaga, nhoroondo yezvechiremba, ruzivo pamusoro pemishonga uye mishonga yepamusoro, ruzivo pamusoro pemamiriro ehutano ehutano, mhinduro dzekuedza uye manotsi ekufambira mberi, pamwe chete nemabhuku ekufambisa uye emari. Digital zvinyorwa zvinounza nheyo yako yose pamwe chete uye inobvumira vadzidzisi vehutano vakasiyana kuti vagovere uye vashandure iyi mashoko. Somuenzaniso, mutungamiri wako anogona kuverenga chidimbu chako chekuregererwa kwechipatara, nhoroondo kubva kune vanyori nemigumisiro yechangobva kuitika nekungoshandisa yako EHR online.
Muzuva rezuva re digital, EHRs inofanira kunge inosanganisira mabasa mana : magwaro ekugadzira, magetsi ekurayira, kugovera mhinduro dzekuedza nekuchengetedza madhaini 'manotsi. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vazhinji veEHR vemazuva ano havawanzogovana mashoko. Kugadziriswa nekubatanidza kwakaratidzwa sezvinoitika, uye mamwe mabasa anodiwa kuti awedzere hutano huri nani hwakarongeka . Nzira yakabatanidzwa yenyika yose yakabatana, yakagamuchirwa zvikuru, iyo inoratidza zviitiko zvakakosha zvakabatanidzwa nevasarudzo vakasiyana-siyana vevanhu uye vega.
Aya maitiro anoenderera mberi anosanganisira kuvandudza mitemo yekushandura, kushandura uye kushandura kubhadhara mitemo, kurongedza mitemo uye mabhizinesi, nekugadzirisa kusavanzika uye kuchengetedza mitemo. Nzira yemugwagwa ino inofungidzirwa sehupenyu, uye zvitsva zvinoshandiswa kubva pane zvakaitika uye mhinduro.
Patient Access uye Personal Health Records (PHR)
Vakawanda vanopa utano zvino vapa mashandisi emagetsi. Zvishandiso izvi zvinotibvumira kuwana ruzivo rwehutano hwedu uye kubatanidzwa mukuzvicherechedza kwedu kuchengetedza. Izvi zvinotibvumira kutarisa chero zvikanganiso kana zvikanganiso zvinogona kuonekwa mumabhuku edu. Apo patinoshingairira kuita, kugoverana kwemashoko kunova nyore, kuita kuti tifanane navo muhutano hwehutano.
Varwere vanorwara vanoita basa rinokosha mukuvandudza ruzivo rwehutano hwedu. Kufambira mberi kwemazuva ano muhutano hwemagetsi kunoita kuti varwere vagone kuwana EHRs uye vanoita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano hwehutano hwehutano hwavo, kusanganisira kugadzirisa kusarudzwa, kukumbira mishonga yekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kukodzera kwezvinyorwa zvezvokurapa.
Zvinyorwa zvehutano zvehutano kana marekodhi ehutano ehupi (PMR) akasiyana neEHRs kusvika pamwero iwe unogona kuzvidzora (pane kungova wega kune wezvokurapa wako). Zvinowanikwa kwauri uye zvinogona kuchengetwa nenzira dzakasiyana, semuenzaniso, zvakakonzerwa kukombiyuta yako yakaoma drive kana kuchengetwa mugore.
Kushandisa Chinangwa
Kushandisa zvine chinangwa ndezvimwe mitemo uye zvinangwa zvakagadzirirwa kuita kuti EHRs ishandiswe nenzira inobatsira inogonesa mbiru shanu dzoutano. Kutsigirwa neHealth Information Technology yeChealth and Clinical (HITECH) Mutemo, Kushandisa Kunobatsira kunosanganisira kushandisa utano hwehutano hwehutano kuvandudza hutano hwehutano hwakanaka, kuderedza kusawirirana kwehutano, kubatanidza varwere (uye mhuri dzavo), kurongedza utano hwehutano, uye kuvimbisa hutano uye kuchengetedzwa kwemashoko ane chirwere. Chinangwa chekushandisa zvakakosha ndechekuvandudza hutano hwehuwandu hwevanhu, kuwedzera kujekesa, kupa simba kuvarwere uye kupa ruzivo rwekutsvakurudza kwakasimba.
Kushandura kuKushandisa Kunogadzirisa kwakarongeka segadziriro, uye zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvinotarisa pamusoro pemakore mashanu. Mitemo yegadziriro yechitatu - chikwata chekupedzisira chinangwa chekuvandudza mararamiro ezvehutano - yakabudiswa muna Gumiguru 2015 neCenter for Medicare neMedicaid Services (CMS) uye Office ye National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC). Kana vashandi vezvehutano vanogona kukwanisa kutarisa urongwa hwezvinangwa zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa, vanogamuchira kubhadhara.
Clinical Decision Support
Chikamu chekuita sarudzo masangano (CDSS) mapurogiramu epurogiramu aive mamwe ezvokutanga zvekushandisa kwehutano hwehutano. Iro mapurogiramu ekubvunzurudza anobatsira vanachiremba nevamwe vadzidzisi vehutano mukuita uchapupu-based based clinic nekugadzirisa zvibereko zvekurapa.
Aya maitiro anogona kushanda sezviyeuchidzo, kuongororwa zvirongwa, kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvirongwa uye zvishandiso zvekurapa zvirwere, uye zvinogonawo kubatanidzwa muEHRs. Mashoko ekushivirira anowanikwa pamwe neuchapupu-based guidelines kuti ape murwere aine mazano akakodzera uye kurapa. EHRs inogona kusanganisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvemashoko uye inoita predictive algorithms kubatsira rubatsiro. Mukurwara kweshuga, somuenzaniso, EHRs pamwe chete nemakiriniki ekugadzirisa zviratidzo zvakaratidzwa kuva akakwirira kune mapurogiramu epakombiyuta paanenge achidudzira ruzivo rwevarwere uye kutungamirira. MaCDSS anotsigira pane zvinyorwa kubva kumapoka ekuenzanisa akararama uye anounganidza zvakasiyana siyana zvemashoko. Izvi zvinoita kuti vave chinhu chinogadziriswa chokuongorora.
CDSS inogona kunyanya kubatsira mukutarisira kwepamusoro, apo vanachiremba vasina kunyanya kuzivikanwa munzvimbo dzose dzemishonga vanosangana nevarwere vane zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana vanoda kukurumidza kuongorora uye kuronga zvirongwa. Zvirongwa zveCDSS zvekuongorora zvinotakura nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemishonga, kusanganisira utano hwepfungwa, zvirwere zvepfungwa uye zvirwere zvemimba.
Kuzvimirira uye Kuchengetedzwa kweDhijitori Record Kuchengeta
Kune mitemo yakawanda uye maitiro aripo munzvimbo inochengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwedhesi iyo inochengeterwa pakombiyuta. Chimiro chekuzvimirira uye kuchengeteka chinotsigirwa uye chinokosheswa, uye kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengeteka ndiyo inonyanya kukoshesa pane zvigadzirwa apo magwaro emakirini emagetsi anoshandiswa.
Hupenyu hwehutano hwehutano hwekugadzirisa mutemo (HIPAA) wakapiwa muna 1996 kuchengetedza marekodhi nevarwere. Inotaura kuti sei, uye neavo, ruzivo rwemurairo runogona kugoverwa.
Zvisinei, kwakave nekupararira kwemichina yehutano yehutano nemichina inotora dambudziko rehutano kubva HIPPA yakapfuudzwa (eg wearables), saka vazhinji havatongorwi nemutemo uyu. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuenderera mberi kuve nekugadziriswa uye kutarisirwa kunokosha uye mune zvinodiwa zvehutano hwedu uye kuchengeteka.
Tine chido chakakosha pakuita kuti tione kuti marekete edu ezvechiremba ari kushandiswa zvakanaka, uyewo akachengetwa uye akagoverwa zvakanaka. Saizvozvowo kune zvikwereti zvekwereti, kuchenjera kutarisa ruzivo rwedu rwezvehutano hwekururama uye zvikonzero zveuchenjeri. HIPAA inotsanangura kuti kuwana nekuwana ruzivo rwedu rwehutano nokuda kwezvinangwa zvedu ndezvekodzero, kwete ropafadzo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwana magwaro ehutano ehutano hwehutano huri mune chero hupi hwehutano hwehutano hwemagetsi.