Zvaunoda Kuziva
Efrita sinica mishonga ine nguva yakareba yekushandiswa mumutauro weChina mishonga yeAhma, bronchitis, kurwara kwemvura uye kutonhora uye zvirwere zvechirwere.
Munguva yema80, ephedra yakave yakakurumbira kunze kwemishonga chaiyo yeChina yekurasikirwa uye kuwedzerwa mitambo. Kuzivikanwa kwaro kwakaramba kuchikura, uye yakawanikwa mune zvakawanda zvekudya zvinokonzerwa nekutengeswa kwekurema nekugadziriswa kwebasa kusvikira zvinyorwa zvine ephedra zvakarambidzwa neU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) muna 2006.
Iko inonyanya kushandiswa zvinoshandiswa mu ephedra inofungidzirwa kuti iyo alkaloids ephedrine uye pseudoephedrine, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti iwedzere kutengesa kwemwoyo, inowedzera mitsipa yeropa (inowedzera kuwedzera kweropa), kuwedzera maronchial tubes (zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kufema) uye vane thermogenic properties ( kunowedzera muviri wekupisa uye chiyero chemagetsi).
Nzira yekugadzira pseudoephedrin inowanikwa mune-over-the-counter-decongestants nemishonga inotonhorera, uye yakagadzirwa ephedrine inoshandiswa kurapa chirwere chemafi (asi yakanyanya kuchinjwa nemishonga mitsva). Synthetic ephedrine uye pseudoephedrine zvakare yakashandiswa kuita mvumo isina kukodzera yemugwagwa methamphetamine, sezvakataurwa neThe New York Times .
Ephedra muUnited States
Zvokudya zvinowedzera zvine zvinyorwa zvose zve ephedra alkaloids zvakarambidzwa muUnited States kubvira muna 2006.
MuCanada, ephedra inogamuchirwa neHealth Canada kuti ishandiswe chete sechirume chepamusoro.
Nutritional inowedzera ne ephedra haikwanise kuva nemagumisiro, akadai se caffeine, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mhinduro ye ephedra. Uyewo, haigoni kudarika 400 mg pamushandi kana 1600 mg pazuva re ephedra, kana kuti 8 mg ephedrine pamushandi kana 32 mg pazuva re ephedrine. Zvishandiso zvine maitiro kana kuti zvisingaverengeki zvinorehwa nekurema, kuda kudya, kuwedzera muviri kana kuwedzerwa simba hakubvumirwi.
Chinoita Kuti Vanhu Vashandise Efdradra
1) Kurasikirwa kwehuremu : Efdra inoshandiswa mukurema kuora kwekuwedzera. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti inogona kubatsira kusimudzira kuora muviri nekudzivisa kudya.
Usati warambidzwa neefrdra kuwedzera, zvakawanda zvekudya zvinowedzera kutengeswa kwekureruka kwemazivi zvakare zvaiva nea caffeine-ine mishonga, yakadai seji green, yerba mate, uye guarana . Iyo ephedra / caffeine kusanganiswa, zvisinei, ikozvino ikozvino inotendwa zvakanyanya kuti iwedzere mungozi yehutano ingangodaro uye haifaniri kukurudzirwa.
2) Mitambo Yekuita: Efdra yakafanana pakugadzirisa amphetamine, saka yakashandiswa kuwedzerwa mitambo mune simba uye kutsungirira mitambo, kuwedzera kusvinura nekutsamwa mumunda, uye kuderedza kuneta mumitambo yakadai sehockey hockey, baseball, uye mabhasikoro. Hapana humwe uchapupu hwakanaka, zvisinei, kuti hunogona kuvandudza mitambo yekuita, uye haifaniri kutarisirwa nekuda kwechinangwa ichi chinogona kuve nemigumisiro.
Efradhi inorambidzwa nemasangano akawanda emitambo, kusanganisira International Olympic Committee, National Football League (NFL) uye National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
3) Chirwere uye Zvimwe Zvinopesana Nezvemapfupa: Efidhi ine nhoroondo yakareba yekushandiswa mumasikirwo emutauro weChina semuongorori hwevanhu hwepmma , bronchitis, utachiona, fivha, chills uye kutonhora uye zvirwere zvechirwere, zvakadai sekusanganiswa kwemvura.
Caveats
Zvimwe zvikamu zve ephedra zvinogona kusanganisira:
- nausea
- headache; chizoro
- kutsamwa kwemuviri; chirwere
- kuzvidya mwoyo; psychosis
- kidney stones
- kudengenyeka
- dry mouth
- kusagadzikana kana kukurumidza mwoyo rhythms; mwoyo kuora
- high blood pressure
- kusagadzikana; kutya; zvinetso zvehope
- kuderedza kudya mwoyo
- kuputika; sweating
- kuwedzera kukwira
Kushandisa ephedra kwave kuchibatanidza nekurohwa , kugumburwa, psychosis, nekufa.
Chidzidzo chakaitwa neNational Institutes of Health chakarondedzera mamiriyoni 16 000 ezvimwe zviitiko zvinoshungurudza uye chakacherechedza kufa kwevanhu vaviri, mapfumbamwe mapfumbamwe, maitiro masere ekurwadziwa kwemwoyo, kubatwa kamwechete uye mishanu mishonga dzepfungwa dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kweE ephedra apo pakanga pasina zvimwe zvingangodaro zvaigona kunge zvakaita migumisiro.
Sangano reNIH-rakagadziridzwa rakagumisa zvakare kuti ephedra yakabatanidzwa nematambudziko akakwirira emigumisiro yakanyanyisa kusvika kuenzanisi yakafanana nemapapiro emwoyo, mishonga yepfungwa neyekudya, uye zviratidzo zvekushaya simba kwehutongi hwehutongi hwekuzvidzivirira (kudengenyeka, kusuruvara), kunyanya kana paine pamwe nekakineine kana zvimwe zvinokurudzira zvakadai sekhola nut, green tea, guarana kana yerba mate.
Zvakawanda zvemigumisiro ye ephedra yakave inonzi inodarika, kushandiswa uye kuibatanidza nezvimwe zvinokurudzira izvo zvinowedzera simba, zvakadai se caffeine. Zvimwe zvikamu zve ephedra, zvisinei, zvinogona kusiyana uye hazvirevi nguva dzose pamutengo. Migumisiro yakaipa inogona kuitikawo inogonawo kuitika kune vanhu vanoita zvepabonde pamadhora maduku.
Ngozi yemigumisiro nemigumisiro yakaipa inoratidzika kuva yakakura kune vanhu vane mamiriro ezvinhu akadai, sechirwere chemwoyo, kuwedzera kweropa; chinetso chemwoyo; thyroid disease; hypoglycemia; glaucoma; kuzvidya mwoyo; glaucoma; pheochromocytoma; chirwere cheshuga; chirwere chepyoyo kana kidyo mabwe; chirwere chepfungwa kana nhoroondo yezvirwere zvepfungwa; prostate yakawedzerwa; kukanganisa kusagadzikana uye nhoroondo yekubatwa, kurohwa, kana kurwisa kwechikafu chinokanganisa. Vanhu vane mararamiro aya ehutano vanofanira kudzivisa ephedra. Vanhu vane zvipembenene kune ephedra, ephedrine, kana pseudoephedrine vanofanirawo kudzivisa ephedra.
Efidha anotenda kuti inowedzera dambudziko remhepo yekupisa nokuti inowedzera metabolism uye inokanganisa kukwanisa kwemuviri kurasikirwa nekupisa.
Efrita haafaniri kutorwa mavhiki maviri isati yasvika kana kuti mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Haifaniri kushandiswa nevakadzi vane pamuviri kana vanomwisa kana vana. Vanhu vane anorexia nervosa kana bulimia vanofanira kuvhara ephedra nokuti inokanganisa kudya.
Zvimwe zviyero hazvina kuongororwa kuchengetedzwa uye nekuda kwekuti kudya kwezvokudya zvinowanzosaregererwa, zvinyorwa zvemimwe michina zvinogona kusiyana nezvakataurwa pane zvakagadziriswa. Uyewo chengetedza mupfungwa kuti kuchengetedzwa kwezvokuwedzera mumadzimai ane pamuviri, vanaamai vanoyamwisa, vana, uye avo vane mishonga yezvoutano kana vari kutora mishonga haisati yasimbiswa.
Yeuka, mishonga ine ephedra yakarambidzwa neCDA muna 2006.
Zvinogona Kubatana
Kubva pakubatanidzwa kunonyatsozivikanwa pakati pemishonga inoshanda ye ephedra, ephedrine, uye pseudoephedrin, mishonga inotevera inogona kufambidzana ne ephedra:
- Aerolate, T-Phyl, uye Uniphyl (theophylline) - mushonga unoshandiswa kuti uwane asthma, emphysema, uye chronic bronchitis
- Amphetamines, akadai seaya anoshandiswa pakurwisa kana kunyanya kufunga nezvekushaya simba, zvakadai seAdderall (dextroamphetamine)
- Anodzvinyirira, kunyanya monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), yakadai saMarplan (isocarboxazid), Nardil (phenelzine) uye Parnate (tranylcypromine), nemhaka yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutano hweropa nekurohwa; tricyclic zvinodzvinyirira, zvakadai seElavil (amitriptyline) uye Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid
- Ropa kudzvinyirira mishonga
- Chirwere cheshuga, zvakadai se insulin, Glucophage (metformin), Diabeta, Glynase, Micronase (glyburide
- Narcotics yakadai se codeine
- Pitosin (Oxytocin) kana Secale Alkaloid Derivatives
- St. John's Wort
- Zvinokurudzira. Efiristi haafaniri kuiswa pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvine simba rinokurudzira, rakadai se caffeine uye Sudafed (pseudoephedrine hydrochloride), sezvo inogona kunge ine kuwedzera kwehuwandu. Mishonga inozivikanwa kuva ne caffeine inosanganisira green tea, kola nut, guarana uye yerba mate, asi zvinotyisa zvinowedzera.
> Sources:
> Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J. Mishonga yemishonga: Expanded Commission E Monographs Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000: 111-117.
> Zvokudya uye Drug Administration. FDA Inoparidza Mutemo Wokudzivisa Kutengesa Kwezvokudya Zvokudya Zvine Efdrine Alkaloids zvinobudirira April 12, April 12, 2004.
> Zvokudya uye Drug Administration. Yegumi Dunhu Dunhu reDare Repamusoro Rinotsigira Dare reDAA rinoshandiswa kudya Zvokudya zvine Efdrine Alkaloid. August 23, 2006.
> Utano Canada. Ephedra / ephedrine - Inowanzobvunzwa Mibvunzo. January 2002.
> National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Efradhi uye Efdrine Alkaloids yeUkurema Kwekuremerwa uye Kutamba Kwekuita. July 1, 2004.
> Shekelle P, Morton SC, Maglione M, Hardy M, Suttorp M, Roth E, Jungvig L, Mojica W, Gagné J, Rhodes S, McKinnon E, uye Newberry S. Efdra uye Efdrine nokuda Kwekushaya Kukura uye Kubudirira Kubudirira: Efficacy uye Maitiro Akashata. Yakagadzirirwa Sangano reZveshu Rwetsvakurudzo neUnhu, 2003.