Mitsvuku yeRopa uye Yakachena Inotanga kuburikidza neHematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis (inonzi "heem-at-oh-po-EE-sus") ndiyo nzira iyo masero ako ose ari kuumbwa, kukura uye kukura muvanhu vavo vokupedzisira. Izwi iri rinoreva nzira kana nzira dzekukura kwemasero eropa, kutanga neicho chinozivikanwa sehematopoietic stem cell , achifamba nematanho ematanho kuti asvike pachigadzirwa chekupedzisira - sero rinokonzerwa neropa, kana iri sero tsvuku yeropa, chena serosi yeropa rakafanana neyine lymphocyte, kana imwe yeropa rega.
Mamwe mazwi echiitiko ichi chekuita masero eropa anosanganisira hematogenesis, hemogenesis, uye hemopoiesis.
Nzvimbo dzekushandiswa kwemasero eropa dzinoenderana kana uri kutaura nezvecheche achiri muchizvaro chaamai vayo, kana mushure mokunge mucheche uye muhukuru hwose. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, mu utero, mwana ari kusimukira anoshandisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mumuviri we hematopoiesis, kusanganisira chiropa, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, pamwe nefupa remafu. Mushure mokuberekwa, nzvimbo huru ye hematopoiesis iri mumapfupa emarara.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis ndiyo kuumbwa kwemasero eropa pane dzimwe nzvimbo kunze kwefupa remafu. Uye nepo kubudiswa kwehematopoiesis kune chimiro checheche muchibereko, kana munhu akaberekwa, zvinowanzova chiratidzo chechirwere kana kuti chinoratidza kuti bone marora haikwanisi kubereka masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano akakwana.
Chii Chinonzi Hematopoietic?
Iwe unogona kuuya neshoko rokuti hematopoiesis, kana chirevo chehematopoietic, mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana:
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation , inonziwo marrow marrow transplant kana stem cell transplant, inosanganisira kutora masero anokonzera uye kuipa kune anogamuchira, kuitira kuti mupiro anogona kuita mishonga yake matsva yeropa, masero eropa, uye maplatelet anobatsira ropa kuvhara.
- Hematopoietic malignancy inoreva kenza yemasero anogadzira ropa. Hematopoietic malignancies inosanganisira kuuraya ropa , lymphoma, uye myeloma .
- Hematopoietic neoplasm inosangana nezvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana zveropa, zvimwe zvayo zvinogara zvisingaiti iwe waunogara, uye vamwe vari kukwanisa kufambira mberi nekunetseka kwakanyanya uye kuderera kupona.
- Hematopoietic cell linear or cell line rinoreva maitiro akawanda, kana matavi ari mu "blood cell family tree," iyo inonzi progenitor cell inowedzera kuva munhu mukuru / anokonzera ropa.
Overview
Kupararira ropa kunosanganiswa kwemasero, masero esero, uye mvura. Mitumbi yedu inobudisa masero eropa nekuenderera mberi kubva panguva yatinenge tiri mudumbu kusvika pakukwegura. Mamiriyoni emasero eropa anotsiviwa zuva rimwe nerimwe sezvaanogara kunze kweupenyu hwavo. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero dzine mararamiro akasiyana-siyana, uye muvanhu vakwegura vane utano, masero matsvuku eropa anowanzogara mazuva anenge zana kusvika kwemaviri vasati vada kuchinjwa.
Iko kune marudzi gumi anopfuura gumi akasiyana-siyana eropa, mumwe nomumwe achiita basa rake roga. Kunyange zvazvo masero eropa uye machena angaguma munzvimbo dzakasiyana mumuviri, kugadzirwa kunotanga mufupa remafu.
Mune Marrow Bone
Pakati pemigumo yemamwe mapfupa, kune marrow tissue, kusanganisira hematopoietic stem masero , anonziwo pluripotent hematopoietic stem masero, anopa mhando dzose dzemhando dzakasiyana dzemasero eropa.
Zvimwe zvemasero aya anoramba ari "asina kukodzera" kuitira kuti arambe achizadza masero emhando ipi zvayo inodiwa, yakadai sehosikadzi anoisa mazai, asi mamwe masero emadzi anotangira nzira yekuita, kuva "progenitors" kana " "yakasiyana zvakasiyana nemasero ematare . Mitsara yemasero / mitsara inogona kufungidzirwa sematavi akasiyana emuti weropa remhuri.
Masero anogadzira ropa anoita mapoka maviri akasiyana emuti wemhuri:
- Iro lymph oid side iri nyore kukuyeuka nokuti inopa kuchena masero eropa anozivikanwa se lymph ocytes. Lymphocytes inogona kuve yakarongerwa seT cells, B masero, uye masero ekuuraya.
- Chikamu chemyeloid chemhuri chinowedzera hodgepodge. Iwe une masero ako matsvuku eropa, ayo anonziwo erythrocytes, pamwe chete nemaplatelets ako eropa, ayo ari mashoma mashoma masero makuru anonzi megakaryocytes. Asi zvino, kunze kwemasero ako matsvuku eropa uye maplatelets, iwewo une masero machena ose anobva kumamiririri emyeloid: neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, uye basophils ose masero machena eropa anouya kubva kumamiririri emeteidhi.
- Pasi pemamiriro ehutano, chikamu chakanaka chekukura kwekutanga nekukura kwezvizhinji zvezvikero izvi zvinowanikwa mukati mefupa remafu; T-masero anowedzera mumapfupa emapfupa asi enda kune thymus kuti akure .
MuRopa, Mvura, uye Tissues
Kana imwe yakura uye yakakura, masero matsvuku eropa anogara muropa. Maso matsvuku eropa anogona kuwanika muropa, asi angave akawanda kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, lymphocytes yakawanda kwazvo uye yakawanda mu lymphatic system kupfuura muropa.
- Mucherecheche eropa (leukocytes): Izvi zvinosanganisira lymphocytes, monocytes uye masero machena emapuryafoni anopa miviri yedu kudzivirira kubva kune utachiona. Mucherecheche eropa eropa ndiwo maitiro makuru emuviri wedu wesimba anobatsira kuparadza vanopinda vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kubudiswa kwezvirwere zvinomatira kune vanoparadza. Zvinetso nemasero machena eropa zvinogona kutungamirira kune utachiona.
- Masero matsvuku eropa (erythrocytes): Aya masero ane hemoglobin inopa ropa rako ruvara rutsvuku uye inotakura oksijeni mumasero uye masukisi mumuviri wako. Kushayikwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa kunogona kutungamirira kune hoemia, zvine zviratidzo zvakadai sokuneta, kusava nesimba, nekusawirirana kuita zvekushandisa.
- Platelets: Megakaryocytes mumapfupa emafuta ndiwo "monster" masero (ayo makuru kana achienzaniswa nevamwe) anogadzira zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zveplatelet zvinobatsira kudzora kubuda pashure pokukuvara. Kutadza kweplatelet kunogona kutungamirira ku nyore kupwanya uye dambudziko nekubuda ropa.
Kubva paT Bone Marrow kusvika kuRopastream
Kana HSC ikashanda kubudisa masero matsva eropa, inenge ichinge yakawanda (kanowanzoita shanu kana kupfuura) masero emasero asati ava iyo sero. Nguva dzose apo sero rinoparadzanisa, rinotora kuwedzera uye huwandu hwemamiriro evanhu vakuru iyo ichava. Mune mamwe mazwi, inoparadzaniswa zvakanyanya kana kuti inozivikanwa.
Kukurudzira muviri kuti uwane mamwe masero matsva eropa - rudzi rwemhando yehematopoiesis yepamusoro - inogona kubatsira mumamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, dzimwe nguva mapfupa emapfupa anokurudzirwa mberi kwerongwa hwekenza yakagadzirirwa apo kunyatsodzingiswa kwemasero ekuumba ropa mumusara anotarisirwa.
Apo Hematopoietic Cells Inoshora
Kungofanana nesero chero ipi zvayo, HSCs inogona kuchinja-chinja inotungamirira kumasero asingabatsiri kana kuti akaipa anogadzirwa pane masero ane utano. Zvichienderana nechikamu chei chekusiyanisa sero iri mune iyo inoita kuti shanduko iyi, inokonzera kumhando dzakasiyana dzematambudziko: myeloproliferative disorders, leukemias, lymphomas , uye myelomas.
Chinhu chisina kujairika chiduku chema cell chinogona kutumidzwa se'kuputika. ' Kuputika mune varwere vane leukemia kunogona kuratidza kuti kuchinja kwekenza kwakaitika mune rimwe rekuisira ropa iro raiva pane imwe nzvimbo yapfuura yekuvandudza. Kana mishonga inonyanya kuve neukemukari kana lymphoma inowedzera kukura, izvi zvinoratidza kushanduka kwekenza kwakaitika kune rimwe sero rinokura kana sero iro raive pedyo nechekukura kwevanhu vakuru.
Mu lymphoma, kune lymphomas yakasiyana-siyana inoratidzira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekusimudzira lymphocyte, kusanganisira nzira dzekuvandudza dzeB-seli uye T-seli; saka, kune B-cell lymphomas, T-cell lymphomas, uye kunyange Natural Killer T-cell lymphomas .
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation - Bone Marrow Kuputika
Kurapa kweukwepa, lymphoma nedzimwe ropa rekenza zvinogona kusanganisira kuiswa kwehematopoietic stem masero. Izvi zvinogona kuva masero ako, kukohwa kubva mumapfupa ako (autologous), kana kubva kune anopa (allogenic). Nzira dzinoshandiswa kuwana masero anopa utano weropa kubva kune mupiro anosiyana, asi kudyara pachako kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa sezvo masero ehematopoietic stem ari kubva kubva muropa kuenda mune marota.
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Iri ndiro izwi rinoshandiswa kwekutengesa kwemasero eropa rinoitika kunze kweropa remafu. Inogona kuonekwa muhupenyu husingaperi, nekugadzirwa kwemasero eropa muropa, spleen uye pane dzimwe nguva muine lymph nodes. Mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu, pangave nemasero anonyangadza ehematopoietic ari munzvimbo dzisiri kunze kwepafupa.
> Sources:
> Williams, L. Kudzokorora Kwakakwana kweHematopoiesis uye Immunology: Zvinokonzerwa neHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Acceptors. MuZezone, S. (2004) Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Bhuku Rekudzidzisa Vana. Oncology Nursing Society. Pittsburg, PA (pp.1-13).
> Michael A. Rieger naTimm Schroeder Hematopoiesis. Cold Spring Harbor Mafungiro muBiology, 2012, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.