Utsi hunoruma . Inowanzova nhamo chete. Asi nekurumwa kwega imwe neimwe, zvingava zvakawanda. Pane mikana shoma iyo inogona kupararira zvirwere, uye kunyange zvazvo izvozvo zvichiita seityisa, yeuka kuti kungova nemumhutu uye mavairasi zvakapoteredza hazvina kukwana. Inofanirwa kuve hutachiona chaihwo yehutano hwakanaka munzvimbo yakakodzera. Misiki inogona kugadzira chinetso chikuru kana mavairasi akakodzera uye mamwe majekiseni aripo.
Utachiona hwakarurama, utsi hwakarurama, uye nzvimbo yakarurama inoratidzika kunge iri kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Tanga tichiona humwe hutachiona hutachiona hwehutachiona . Izvi hazvirevi Zika chete, asiwo Chikungunya , Dengue , uye yellow fever . Aya mavairasi akaonekwa kamwe-kamwe pavakanga vasina kutarisirwa, kunyanya muAmerica, asiwo muAsia neAfrica.
Zvingave Mayaro Virus iyo Mutsva Mutsva paBlock?
Muenzaniso webazi kubva kune mukomana ane fivha muHaiti muna 2015 wakaratidzwa kuva akanaka kuna Mayaro. Utachiona hahuna kumboonekwa muHaiti kare. Zvose zvakaitika kare zvakaratidzwa kuSouth America.
Zvinogona kuti utachiona hwave huripo nguva dzose, husingazivikanwi. Utachiona hunogona kutanga hwakasvika kuSouth America kubva kuAfrica mazana mashomanana akapfuura. Pasina tebheni yekugona kuongororwa nehutachiona, zvinogona kunge zvakave kuti mamwe maitiro aifungidzirwa kuva Dengue kana kuti haana kumboongororwa zvachose.
Utachiona hunoonekwa huri nemadzitateguru akasiyana nedzimwe dzakawanda zvinowanikwa muSouth America.
Iyo ine mababa akafanana nematambudziko anowanikwa muBrazil pamusoro pemakore 50 adarika.
Pachine hindsight, zvakaonekwa kuti Zika akanga ari muHaiti zvisati zvatemwa muBrazil (kunyange zvingave zviri muBrazil kare kare). NeZika kunyange zvakadaro, hutachiona hwaibva kuSouth Pacific. Asi zvinogona kunge zvakadaro kuti hutachiona hwave huri muHaiti kwenguva yakareba kudarika isu taiziva.
Hapana chikonzero chekutenda kuti Mayaro ichapararira kamwe kamwe, asi zvingava zvakanaka kuramba uchitarisa mavhairusi.
Zviratidzo zveMayaro Virus Disease
Chirwere chinokonzerwa naMayaro virus (MAYV) chinotanga pakarepo uye kazhinji chinotora mazuva matatu kusvika mashanu. Ichi chirwere chinogona kusanganisira fivhiri, pamwe chete aches, kurwadziwa kwematumbo, kuora musoro, kuchema kweziso (kunyanya kumeso kwemaziso), kuputika, pamwe nekushushikana, kurutsa, uye kurora. Kazhinji, zviratidzo zvekubuda ropa zvakaitika.
Utachiona kazhinji huri kurarama kwenguva pfupi, asi hunogona kutungamirira kumarwadzo akareba kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinogona kuva dambudziko rechokwadi kune avo vanobatwa nekurwadziwa kwenguva refu. Aya marwadzo anogona kunyanya kuve mumakumbo, mabvi, kana maoko uye anogona kunge asingakwanisi kuita, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kufamba kana kunyora. Izvozvi, zvisinei, kazhinji kacho kuzvideredza. Vanhu vazhinji vakangonaka pashure pacho.
Izvo hazvina kumbove nemishumo yematambudziko panguva yekuzvitakura, asi hutachiona hauna kudzidza uye dzimwe hutachiona nokuti hwave husingawanzoitiki uye hunoonekwa munzvimbo dziri kure.
Where Can Mayaro Virus Spread?
Izvozvo zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda. Zvakawanda zvaro zvinoenderana nezvinoita utumhu huripo uye kana uhu hunogona kuparadzira chirwere ichi. Haasi misi yose inoparadzira utachiona hunotakurwa nemukanana.
Utsi hunowanzobatanidzwa nehutachiona hweMayaro hunowanikwa muSouth America ( Haemagogus janthinomys). Izvi zvaifungidzirwa kuti chikamu chechikonzero chikonzero chehutachiona chacho kwaiva-uye kwete pane imwe nzvimbo.
Zvisinei, pane mhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganiswa (kusanganisira Mansonia venezuelensis nemamwe muteve eCulex).
Kunyanya kukosha, isu tose tinorarama kure neAmazon, hutachiona hunokwanisa kupararira kuburikidza nemumhutu hweAedes (kureva seAedes aegypti). Uyu ndiwo utsi humwe hwakapararira Zika, Dengue, uye Chikungunya. Aedes aegypti inowanikwa mune zvakawanda zveAmerica, Asia, uye Africa.
Utsi hunogona kuwanika kune dzimwe nyika munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kweU.S.
Nzvimbo
Utachiona hunopararira mumasango.
Yakatanga kuwanikwa muma1950 pakati pevashandi vari musango muTrinidad. Kune rimwe guta uye munharaunda muTrinidad inonzi Mayaro, iyo yaiva nzvimbo umo chirwere cheMayaro chakatanga kuonekwa. Kubvira panguva iyoyo vanhu vari mumatambo maduku uye vanofambira vanodzoka vakawanikwa vaine utachiona kana zvirwere zvehutachiona hwehutachiona. Kunyanya, kutumira kwakanyorerwa muBrazil, Venezuela, Peru, French Guyana, Ecuador, Bolivia, Suriname, pamwe chete neTrinidad neTobago uye ikozvino Haiti.
Zvirwere zvekare zvinowanikwa kure nechokumusoro sePanama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, uye Mexico. Zvichida kuti chirwere ichi chave chakapararira kupfuura chatinoziva.
Kufananidza, Kuedza, Kurongeka, uye Kuchengetedzwa
Mayaro yakafanana neDengue uye Chikungunya, pamwe neZika. Iko kushungurudza uye marwadzo ekubatana kunogona kuonekwa zvakafanana mukati mezvirwere izvi zvose uye saka hutachiona hunogona kusarudzwa.
Pane kuongororwa ropa kweMayaro virus. Izvi zvinotarisa zvinorwisa zvirwere, pamwe chete nehutachiona zvakananga. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa pamakwikwi ekutumira mabhii, sezvakaita CDC. Icho hachisi muedzo unogona kuendeswa kumakiriniki kana kuti kuchipatara. Uyezve, kuchipatara kuongorora uye maitiro ekuongorora mabhii achaita kuti utachiona huratidze sekuti dengue. Dhiyabhorosi miedzo inowanzoratidza pasi peteletlet uye pasi shoma rekuyera ropa, sezvakaita Dengue.
Hakuchina chirwere chekare. Iko kune, zvisinei, inoshanda pamushonga, zvakadai sekune basa kune chirwere cheZika .
Mayaro is Alphavirus, ndeyemhuri yeTogaviridae yemavarusi. Dzimwe Alphaviruses dzinosanganisira Chikungunya virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, O'Nyong Nyong HIV, Ross River virus, uye Barmah Forest virus. Kune dzimwe dzakawanda dzeAlbvirvirus dzinobata vanhu, zvipfuwo (kusanganisira mabhiza), uye mhando dzose dzemhuka, dzakadai seshiri dzakawanda.
Kubuda kweVirusi
Chikamu chikuru chei iko kugadzirisa nyika.
Kufamba, zvose zvekune imwe nyika uye kune dzimwe nyika, kunokonzera zvikwata kubva kwavanowanzonzi ikozvino kwavasina kumboonekwa kare. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hutachiona hunojairika asi husingaregi hunogona, kana hutorwa pane imwe nzvimbo itsva, hutambudza munhu wese panguva imwechete.
Pamberi, vanhu vazhinji vaizowana chirwere ichi pavakanga vari vana (nokuti zvakanga zvakajairika, zvakanga zvakaoma kuzviita kuva munhu mukuru pasina kuitora). Zvisinei, kana hutachiona huri kutengeswa kune imwe nzvimbo zvachose itsva, inogona kuparidzirwa kamwe-kamwe kumunhu wose kamwe kamwe sezvo pasina munhu akambotanga. Munzvimbo iyi mutsva, hamuna hutachiona hwemombe ; hapana munhu anodzivirira uye munhu wose anotora zvose kamwechete , kwete vana vashomanana vanogara vachirwara panguva imwe.
Asi pane kungopfuura kudyidzana kwenyika uye kufamba. Zvirwere zvave zvichipararira zvino nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana:
- Nekudziya kwemamiriro ekutsigira mishonga inopararira, Kushanduka Kwemhepo kunogona kukurumidza kupararira kupararira kwezvirwere.
- Vanhu vakawanda vanogara mumaguta akakomberedzwa zvakare zvinoreva kuti kuguta kwemaguta kunowedzera kupararira kwemavarisi matsva.
- Basa rakawanda mumaruwa-sekumigodhi, kurima, kana kugadzirisa-rinogonawo kuisa mavairasi matsva kubva kumasango kusvika mumaguta.
- Zvekurima, kunyanya kufamba kwezvipfuwo kana kutakura kusingazivikanwi kwezvikwata, zvinogona kubatsira kubvisa zvirwere pamwe chete.
- Zvitano zveutano zvinogonawo kukurisa dzimwe zvirwere kana zvirungo zvakakodzera zvisati zvatorwa.
Kurwisa ma Virus
Apo zvikwata zvinofamba, tinodzidza zvimwe zvinhu pamusoro pavo.
Zvingaita sokuti utachiona hunyoro mune imwe nzvimbo hunowanikwa kutakura ngozi dzakawanda pane imwe nzvimbo. Dzimwe nguva izvi ndezvekuti kutarisa uye hutano hwakasiyana zvakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Asi zvakare nekuti zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa vamwe vanhu zvakasiyana.
Utachiona hunozivikanwa uye hunongobatsira vana hungave hwakasiyana zvikuru kana huri kutapira munhu wese kamwe. Zvimwe zvirwere zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nevana pane vanhu vakuru, kunyanya vakadzi vane pamuviri pamwe chete nevana vanozvarwa patsva. Izvi zvinogona kuguma nemigumisiro kashoma kana yakamboonekwa kare, sa microcephaly , kuonekwa. Zika haasi oga mune izvi. Chinhu chimwe chete icho chingave chakaitika kana vakati chickenpox yakanga ichangobva kubudiswa uye pane kungobata vana chete, uyewo vane vakadzi vane pamuviri vane hutachiwana vane vana vaiva ne microcephaly kana mamwe matambudziko. Saka zvirwere zvatinoziva mune imwe nzvimbo zvingave zvisina kufanana kune imwe nzvimbo, asi sezvatinodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pavo, tinogona kuvaitira zvakanaka.
> Sources:
> Mayaro Virus muChirwere neAcute Febrile Chirwere. Haiti. 2015.
> Mayaro Virus Disease: Muteve Unotangira-Borne Zoonosis muTropical South America.
> Kanya C, et al. Kuongorora Kwakaitika kweMayaro Virus neAedes aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Oct 1; 85 (4): 750-757.
> Mayaro Virus: A New Human Disease Agent: II. Isolation kubva kuRopa revarwere muTrinidad.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1957.6.1012#html_fulltext
> Mourão M, et al. Mayaro Fever muGuta reManaus. Bhuraziri. 2007-2008. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Jan; 12 (1) 42-46.